Engineering:HST-2

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The Cat ferry Yarmouth 2016.jpg
HST-2 leaving Yarmouth Harbour
History
United States
Name: Alakai
Owner:
  • Hawaii Superferry (2007-2009)
  • U.S. Maritime Administration (2009-2012)
  • United States Navy Military Sealift Command (2012-present)
Operator:
  • Hawaii Superferry (2007-2009)
  • U.S. Maritime Administration (2009-2012)
  • United States Navy Military Sealift Command (2012-2016)
  • Bay Ferries Limited (2016-present)
Port of registry:
  • Honolulu, Hawaii, U.S. (2007-2009)
  • Norfolk, Virginia, U.S. (present)
Builder: Austal USA
Cost: US$88M
Yard number: 615
Way number: 1
Laid down: June 3, 2004
Launched: January 18, 2007
Christened: April 14, 2007
Maiden voyage: August, 2007
In service: 2007
Identification:
Status: In service
General characteristics
Type: Ferry
Displacement: 1,646 tons
Length: 349 ft (106 m)
Beam: 78 ft (24 m)
Draft: 12 ft (3.7 m)
Decks: 4
Deck clearance: 14 ft (4.3 m)
Installed power: 4 x MTU-8000 diesel engines
Propulsion: 4 x Rolls-Royce KaMeWa 125MkII waterjets
Speed: 35 knots (65 km/h; 40 mph)
Capacity: 866 passengers, 282 cars
Crew: 21

HST-2, formerly named USNS Puerto Rico and Alakai, is a vessel owned by the United States Navy Military Sealift Command. She was originally Hawaii Superferry's first high-speed ferry. The vessel was later chartered by Bay Ferries Limited to operate a ferry service between Maine and Yarmouth, Nova Scotia.

The design of the Spearhead-class expeditionary fast transport is similar to the two high-speed ferries operated by Hawaii Superferry, both built by Austal USA.

Vessel

HST-2 was built as Alakai, which means "sea path" in the Hawaiian language. The vessel is a 349-foot (106 m) long high-speed roll-on/roll-off (Ro/Ro) passenger and vehicle ferry. She used to operate a daily service operated by Hawaii Superferry at a speed of 35 knots (65 km/h; 40 mph) between the islands of Oahu and Maui. HST-2 has a capacity of 866 passengers and up to 282 subcompact cars. Alternately, its vehicle decks can be reconfigured in five minutes to carry up to 20 large trucks and 90 cars.[1]

Like her sister ship USNS Guam (formerly Huakai), the vessel features environmentally friendly technologies including non-toxic bottom paint, zero wastewater discharge and clean diesel engines.[2]

Hawaii Superferry's vessels were designed and built by Austal USA, a subsidiary of Austal, an Australian company that is the world's largest builder of fast ferries. Construction on HST-2 began in June 2004 in Mobile, Alabama. The ship was launched in January 2007, christened in April 2007 and sea trials went smoothly.

Starting service

The vessel arrived as Alakai in Honolulu, Hawaii on June 30, 2007, with a celebration,[3] after a smooth 17-day delivery voyage.[4] The ship's maiden voyage was on August 26, 2007, and the trip to Maui was smooth. The voyage to Kauai was rougher and Alakai was met by about a dozen protestors on surfboards blockading the entrance to Nawiliwili Harbor. The protestors were peacefully cleared by the United States Coast Guard.

2008 dry dock

On February 13, 2008, Alakai went into dry dock to make repairs to her auxiliary rudders that were damaged in late January. The dry docking was extended due to hull damage caused when a tugboat moving Alakai into dry dock lost power and collided heavily with the catamaran.[5] Alakai returned to service in early April 2008 shortly after Aloha Airlines ended service.[6] Before resuming service the ship went through sea trials and was re-certified by the Coast Guard.

2009 shut down

On March 17, 2009, after about 11 months in service, the Hawaii Supreme Court ruled that the legislation permitting Alakai to operate without an environmental review was unconstitutional. Hawaii Superferry made one last round trip to allow an orderly return of passengers who were not on their home island. They canceled existing reservations and did not take new reservations. The Superferry company intended to look for other work for Alakai; it had also left open the possibility of bringing the ferry back into service if and when Hawaii completed an environmental review, but the company decided to abandon the vessel ending all possibilities of returning to Hawaii.[7]

In January 2010, the United States Maritime Administration announced that Huakai and Alakai would be used to assist with relief in the 2010 Haiti earthquake.[8][9][10]

Navy acquisition and name change

On September 13, 2010, Huakai and Alakai were auctioned off, for $25 million each, by the U.S. District Court for the Eastern District of Virginia. They were purchased by the U.S. Department of Transportation's Maritime Administration.[11]

On January 27, 2012, the U.S. Department of Transportation's Maritime Administration transferred two high speed vessels, Huakai and Alakai, to the U.S. Navy under the Defense Authorization Act of 2012.[12] The Navy had planned to use the vessels to transport troops and equipment to training areas from Okinawa and other locations, helping the Navy meet the unique operational requirements without the need to build new vessels.[13]

In May 2012, the Navy announced that both Alakai and Huakai had been renamed. Alakai was to be named USNS Puerto Rico and Huakai was to be named USNS Guam.[14] Guam was modified to replace the chartered Westpac Express in Okinawa in March 2013, and Puerto Rico remained laid up until 2016.

On August 19, 2012, HST-2 (then USNS Puerto Rico) was towed from Norfolk, Virginia to Philadelphia, to keep it safe from hurricanes while future uses for the vessel were being evaluated.[15]

On February 5, 2016, the U.S. Secretary of the Navy removed the name Puerto Rico from the vessel.[16] The name Puerto Rico was subsequently reassigned to USNS Puerto Rico (T-EPF-11) on December 14, 2016.[17]

Austal USA shifted its entire effort after 2009 to U.S. Navy construction of the similar Joint High Speed Vessels (JHSVs) and 12 Littoral Combat Ships (LCSs) with the experience building the high speed ferries as a feature in winning those contracts.[18]

Gulf of Maine ferry service

On March 24, 2016, Bay Ferries Limited announced that it had reached an agreement with the U.S. Maritime Administration and the U.S. Navy for a multi-year charter of HST-2. The vessel would be operated for a passenger/vehicle ferry service in the Gulf of Maine between Portland, Maine and Yarmouth, Nova Scotia and retain the name HST-2, but the service and vessel would be branded as The CAT to align with previous branding used when Bay Ferries operated a high-speed passenger/vehicle ferry on the same route six years prior.[19] The vessel underwent a refit at the Detyens Shipyard in South Carolina and the service started on June 15, 2016.[19][20][21]

At the end of the 2018 season, it was announced that the ferry would be departing from the town of Bar Harbor, rather than Portland.[22][23] Service along this new route was originally expected to begin in summer 2019, but was delayed due to construction work at the Bar Harbor marina.[23] Service was then canceled during both the 2020 and 2021 seasons due to the COVID-19 pandemic.[24] After three years out of port, The CAT returned to sail from Yarmouth on May 19, 2022,[25] providing service to Bar Harbor, Maine for the first time in 13 years.[26]

References

  1. ↑ "Alakai weighs anchor". 26 August 2007. http://starbulletin.com/2007/08/26/news/story01.html#jump3. Retrieved 10 July 2016. 
  2. ↑ Hawaii Superferry - Eco-friendly Features
  3. ↑ Shikina, Robert (1 July 2007). "Superferry!". http://starbulletin.com/2007/07/01/news/story01.html. Retrieved 11 May 2017. 
  4. ↑ "'Alakai' superferry speeds towards Hawaii". CDNN. 29 June 2007. http://www.cdnn.info/news/travel/t070629.html. Retrieved 10 July 2016. 
  5. ↑ "BYM Marine & Maritime Defence News". bymnews.com. http://www.bymnews.com/news/newsDetails.php?id=25400. 
  6. ↑ Wilson, Christie (9 March 2008). "Superferry in drydock till April 22". The Honolulu Advertiser. http://the.honoluluadvertiser.com/article/2008/Mar/09/ln/hawaii803090375.html. Retrieved 10 July 2016. 
  7. ↑ Dicus, Howard (1 July 2009). "Hawaii Superferry abandons ship, and other bankruptcies in the news". KGMB9.com. Honolulu, Hawaii: KGMB9. http://kgmb9.com/howard/2009/07/01/hawaii-superferry-abandons-ship-and-other-bankruptcies-in-the-news/. 
  8. ↑ Maritime Administration Prepares Five Ships For Duty, U.S. Department of Transportation, January 18, 2010
  9. ↑ "Secretary LaHood Announces Additional Fast Ferry Mobilized for Haiti" (Press release). United States Department of Transportation. January 20, 2010. Archived from the original on May 28, 2013. Retrieved May 11, 2017.
  10. ↑ "New ferry expected to make Portland-Yarmouth trip in 5½ hours". 24 March 2016. http://www.pressherald.com/2016/03/24/nova-scotia-confirms-high-speed-ferry-for-service-to-portland/. Retrieved 11 May 2017. 
  11. ↑ "U.S. buys more high-speed vessels". navytimes.com. http://www.navytimes.com/news/2010/10/defense-navy-purchases-ferrier-101310/. Retrieved 10 July 2016.  [|permanent dead link|dead link}}]
  12. ↑ "Defense Authorization Act funds transfer of ex-Superferries to Navy". MarineLog. 19 December 2011. http://www.marinelog.com/index.php?option=com_k2&view=item&id=1806:defense-authorization-act-funds-transfer-of-ex-superferries-to-navy&Itemid=230. Retrieved 10 July 2016. 
  13. ↑ "Navy Gets Two High Speed Vessels from Maritime Administration" (Press release). United States Department of Transportation. January 27, 2012. Archived from the original on February 3, 2012. Retrieved May 11, 2017.
  14. ↑ "Secretary of the Navy Names High Speed Ferries Guam and Puerto Rico – May 2012". http://www.defense.gov/releases/release.aspx?releaseid=15255. 
  15. ↑ Seward, Zack (5 September 2012). "Why is a Hawaiian 'superferry' docked at the Philadelphia Navy Yard?". newsworks.org. http://www.newsworks.org/index.php/local/healthscience/43845-why-is-a-hawaiian-superferry-docked-at-the-philadelphia-navy-yard. 
  16. ↑ [Script error: No such module "Naval Vessel Register URL". "No Name (HST 2)"]. Naval Vessel Register. Script error: No such module "Naval Vessel Register URL".. Retrieved 12 December 2016. 
  17. ↑ "Secretary of the Navy Names Three Vessels" (Press release). U.S. Department of Defense. 14 December 2016. Retrieved 25 December 2016.
  18. ↑ Keating, Edward G.; Danescu, Irina; Jenkins, Dan; Black, James; Murphy, Robert; Peetz, Deborah; Bana, Sarah H. (2015). The Economic Consequences of Investing in Shipbuilding: Case Studies in the United States and Sweden. Santa Monica, Calif.: RAND Corporation, National Defense Research Institute. p. 29. ISBN 978-0-8330-9036-2. https://apps.dtic.mil/sti/pdfs/ADA615995.pdf. Retrieved 3 May 2021. 
  19. ↑ 19.0 19.1 "US Navy to lease high-speed transport to Bay Ferries". professionalmariner.com. 24 March 2016. http://www.professionalmariner.com/Web-Bulletin-2016/US-Navy-to-lease-high-speed-transport-to-Bay-Ferries/. Retrieved 10 July 2016. 
  20. ↑ "The Cat expected to start ferry service in Maine in mid-June". The Portland Press Herald. 25 May 2016. http://www.pressherald.com/2016/05/25/cat-ferry-expected-to-start-service-mid-june/. Retrieved 10 July 2016. 
  21. ↑ Cbs 13 (16 June 2016). "High-speed ferry begins service in Portland". http://bangordailynews.com/2016/06/16/news/portland/high-speed-ferry-begins-service-in-portland/. Retrieved 10 July 2016. 
  22. ↑ "Future of Portland's ferry service remains uncertain". 24 November 2021. https://www.newscentermaine.com/article/news/local/future-of-portlands-ferry-service-remains-uncertain/97-617347428. 
  23. ↑ 23.0 23.1 "Maine-Nova Scotia ferry service further delayed". 16 July 2019. https://www.newscentermaine.com/article/travel/maine-nova-scotia-ferry-service-further-delayed/97-0111bc67-ff75-41e0-a808-cfeac5363890. 
  24. ↑ Gabrielle Mannino (4 February 2021). "For 3rd year, ferry from Maine to Nova Scotia is canceled". https://www.newscentermaine.com/article/travel/for-3rd-year-ferry-from-maine-to-nova-scotia-is-canceled/97-b1e08d90-c5c1-4629-86e2-acb66bfcab21. 
  25. ↑ "The CAT Schedule". February 26, 2020. https://www.ferries.ca/thecat/schedule/. 
  26. ↑ "The Cat ferry resumes service to Bar Harbor after 13-year hiatus" (in en-US). May 19, 2022. https://www.newscentermaine.com/article/travel/the-cat-ferry-service-from-bar-harbor-maine-to-yarmouth-nova-scotia-canada-resumes-service-after-13-year-hiatus/97-3556723e-5d1c-4cb5-ad98-bf625b1237c2. 

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