Engineering:Huanjing (satellite)
China plans to launch eleven Huanjing (Chinese: 环境) satellites for disaster and environmental monitoring ("huanjing" is Chinese for "environment"). The satellites will be capable of visible, infrared, multi-spectral and synthetic-aperture radar imaging.[1]
The first two satellites, Huanjing-1A and Huanjing-1B, were launched on 6 September 2008 on a Long March 2C rocket from the Taiyuan Satellite Launch Center.[2] In a report dated 3 September 2008, the Associated Press of Pakistan indicated the launch would be conducted 5 September 2008 using a Long March 2C launch vehicle.[3] On 5 September 2008, Aviation Week reported the first launch would be of optical imaging satellites.[4]
Huanjing-1C was launched on 16 November 2012 on a Long March 2C rocket from the Taiyuan Satellite Launch Center. It is the first civilian Chinese remote sensing satellite to use a synthetic-aperture radar as imaging instrument. This S-band synthetic-aperture radar (SAR) was manufactured in Russia by NPO Mashinostroyeniya.[5]
The two satellites, Huanjing-2A and Huanjing-2B, were launched on 27 September 2020 at 03:23 UTC on a Long March 4B launch vehicle from the Taiyuan Satellite Launch Center. The satellites "provide services concerning environmental protection, natural resources, water conservancy, agriculture and forestry", Xinhua said.[6]
Launches
| Date (UTC) | COSPAR ID | SCN | Launch vehicle | Launch site | Payload | Outcome | Comments |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 6 September 2008, 03:25 | 2008-041A 2008-041B |
33320 33321 |
Long March 2C | Taiyuan Satellite Launch Center | Huanjing 1A and 1B | Success[7] | |
| 19 November 2012, 22:53 | 2012-064A | 38997 | Long March 2C | Taiyuan Satellite Launch Center | Huanjing 1C | Success[8] | Decayed[9] |
| 27 September 2020, 03:23 | 2020-067A 2020-067B |
46478 46479 |
Long March 4B | Taiyuan Satellite Launch Center | Huanjing 2A and 2B | Success[10] | |
| 12 October 2022, 22:53 | 2022-132A | 54035 | Long March 2C | Taiyuan Satellite Launch Center | Huanjing 2E | Success[11] | |
| 8 August 2023, 22:53 | 2023-116A | 57519 | Long March 2C | Taiyuan Satellite Launch Center | Huanjing 2F | Success[12] |
References
- ↑ "Military Power of the People's Republic of China". U.S. Department of Defense. 2000. p. 37. Archived from the original. Error: If you specify
|archiveurl=, you must also specify|archivedate=. https://web.archive.org/web/20081014082411/http://hongkong.usconsulate.gov/uploads/images/pAw-Xhv1qHB7cBNrkQbc3A/uscn_others_2008030301.pdf.
This article incorporates text from this source, which is in the public domain.
- ↑ "First natural disaster monitoring satellites launched by China". NASASpaceFlight.com. 6 September 2008. http://www.nasaspaceflight.com/2008/09/delta-ii-launches-with-geoeye-1-chinese-launch-two-birds/.
- ↑ "China to launch natural disaster monitoring satellites". 2008-09-03. Archived from the original. Error: If you specify
|archiveurl=, you must also specify|archivedate=. https://web.archive.org/web/20110928183455/http://www.app.com.pk/en_/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=51449&Itemid=2. - ↑ Covault, Craig (5 September 2008). "U.S. and China Resume Space Cooperation Talks". Aviation Week. http://www.aviationweek.com/aw/generic/story_generic.jsp?channel=awst&id=news/aw090808p2.xml.
- ↑ Marín, Daniel (20 November 2012). "Lanzamiento Larga Marcha CZ-2C (Huanjing-1C)" (in spanish). Eureka Blog. http://danielmarin.blogspot.com.ar/2012/11/lanzamiento-larga-marcha-cz-3c-huanjing.html.
- ↑ "China launches environmental monitoring satellites". Spaceflight Now. 28 September 2020. https://spaceflightnow.com/2020/09/28/china-launches-environmental-monitoring-satellites/.
- ↑ "China launches two natural disaster monitoring satellites". Xinhua. 2008-09-06. http://news.xinhuanet.com/english/2008-09/06/content_9806611.htm.
- ↑ "中国19日成功发射"环境一号"C卫星". 凤凰网. 2012-11-19. http://news.ifeng.com/mainland/detail_2012_11/19/19300198_0.shtml.
- ↑ "HJ-1C". N2YO.com. 1 March 2023. https://www.n2yo.com/satellite/?s=38997.
- ↑ "HJ 2A, 2B". Gunter's Space Page. https://space.skyrocket.de/doc_sdat/hj-2a.htm.
- ↑ Howell, Elizabeth (13 October 2022). "China launches environmental satellite in 3rd flight in 6 days". Space.com. https://www.space.com/china-launches-environment-satellite-third-launch-six-days.
- ↑ "长二丙火箭成功发射环境减灾二号06星-新华网". 新华社. http://www.news.cn/science/20230810/6c51040440b34a95b5691c69bcd1813b/c.html.
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