Engineering:List of common resolutions
This article lists computer monitor screen resolutions that are defined by standards or in common use. Most of them use certain preferred numbers.
Computer graphics
- Pixel aspect ratio (PAR)
- The horizontal to vertical ratio of each pixel.
- Storage aspect ratio (SAR)
- The horizontal to vertical ratio of solely the number of pixels in each direction.[note 1]
- Display aspect ratio (DAR)
- The combination (which occurs by multiplication) of both the pixel aspect ratio and storage aspect ratio giving the aspect ratio as experienced by the viewer.
| Designation | Usage | W | (px) | H | Aspect ratio | Total pixels | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Storage | Display | Pixel
Template:Resrow Template:Resrow Template:Resrow Template:Resrow Template:Resrow Template:Resrow Template:Resrow Template:Resrow Template:Resrow Template:Resrow Template:Resrow Template:Resrow | ||||||
Television and media
For television, the display aspect ratio (DAR) is shown, not the storage aspect ratio (SAR); analog television does not have well-defined pixels, while several digital television standards have non-square pixels.
Analog systems
| Standard | Resolution[note 2] (dots × lines) |
Display aspect ratio, H:V |
Total pixels |
|---|---|---|---|
| PAL, SECAM | ~520 × 576 | 4:3 | ~299,520 |
| PALplus | ~520 × 576 | 16:9 | ~300,000 |
| Undecoded PALplus | ~520 × 432 | 16:9 | ~220,000 |
| NTSC[1][2] | ~440 × 486 | 4:3 | ~213,840 |
| LaserDisc | ~580 × 486 (NTSC) | 4:3[note 3] | ~268,800 |
| ~570 × 576 (PAL/SECAM) | ~322,560 | ||
| VHS, Betamax, Video8 | ~320 × 486 (NTSC) | 4:3 | ~153,600 |
| ~310 × 576 (PAL/SECAM) | ~178,560 | ||
| Betamax Superbeta | ~380 × 486 (NTSC) | 4:3 | ~182,400 |
| ~370 × 576 (PAL/SECAM) | ~213,120 | ||
| Betacam | ~387 × 486 (NTSC) | 4:3 | ~185,760 |
| ~387 × 576 (PAL) | ~222,912 | ||
| Betacam SP | ~453 × 486 (NTSC) | 4:3 | ~220,158 |
| ~453 × 576 (PAL) | ~260,928 | ||
| S-VHS, Hi8 | ~560 × 486 (NTSC) | 4:3 | ~272,160 |
| ~560 × 576 (PAL) | ~322,560 | ||
| Hi-Vision[3] | ~1920 × 1035 | 16:9 | ~1,987,200 |
| HD-MAC | ~1040 × 1152 | 5:3 | ~1,198,080 |
| 405-line | ~503 × 377 | 4:3 (5:4 before 1950) | ~189,631 |
| 819-line | ~816 × 736 | 4:3 | ~600,576 |
Digital standards
| Standard | Resolution (dots × lines) |
Name | Scan | Frame rate (Hz) |
Display aspect ratio, H:V |
Total pixels |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| VCD (MPEG-1), LDTV (e.g. DMB) | 352 × 240 | SIF 525 | 240i | 30 | 4:3 | 84,480 |
| 352 × 288 | SIF 625 | 288i | 25 | 101,376 | ||
| CVD | 352 × 480 | 480i | 30 | 4:3, 16:9 | 168,960 | |
| 352 × 576 | 576i | 25 | 202,725 | |||
| SVCD (MPEG-2) | 480 × 480 | 480i | 30 | 4:3, 16:9 | 230,400 | |
| 480 × 576 | 576i | 25 | 276,480 | |||
| DVD | 720 × 480 | NTSC | 480i, 480p | 24, 30 | 4:3, 16:9 | 345,600 |
| 720 × 576 | PAL | 576i, 576p | 25 | 4:3, 16:9 | 414,720 | |
| SDTV, EDTV (SMPTE 293M, Rec. 601, e.g. ATSC, DVB,[4] ISDB) | 352 × 480 | 480i, 480p | 30 | 4:3, 16:9 | 168,960 | |
| 480 × 480 | 230,400 | |||||
| 528 × 480 | 253,440 | |||||
| 544 × 480 | 261,120 | |||||
| 640 × 480 | 307,200 | |||||
| 704 × 480 | 4SIF 525 | 337,920 | ||||
| 720 × 480 | NTSC | 345,600 | ||||
| 480 × 576 | 576i, 576p | 25 | 4:3, 16:9 | 276,480 | ||
| 544 × 576 | 313,344 | |||||
| 704 × 576 | 4SIF 625 | 405,504 | ||||
| 720 × 576 | PAL | 414,720 | ||||
| HDTV (Rec. 709; Blu-ray, HD DVD) | 1280 × 720 | HD | 720p | 24, 25, 30, 50, 60 | 16:9 | 921,600 |
| 1280 × 1080 | Full HD, HD Lite | 1080i | 25, 30 | 16:9 | 1,382,400 | |
| 1440 × 1080 | Full HD, HD Lite | 1080i | 25, 30 | 16:9 | 1,555,200 | |
| 1920 × 1080 | Full HD | 1080i, 1080p | 24, 25, 30 | 16:9, 2.21:1 | 2,073,600 | |
| UHDTV (Rec. 2020, Ultra HD Blu-ray) | 3840 × 2160 | 4K UHDTV | 2160p | 24, 25, 30, 50, 60, 100, 120 | 16:9 | 8,294,400 |
| 7680 × 4320 | 8K UHDTV | 4320p | 33,177,600 |
Many of these resolutions are also used for video files that are not broadcast. These may also use other aspect ratios by cropping otherwise black bars at the top and bottom which result from cinema aspect ratios greater than 16∶9, such as 1.85 or 2.35 through 2.40 (dubbed "Cinemascope", "21∶9" etc.), while the standard horizontal resolution, e.g. 1920 pixels, is usually kept. The vertical resolution is usually a multiple of 8 or 16 pixels due to most video codecs processing pixels on such sized blocks. A widescreen FHD video can be 1536000 1920 × 800 for a 12∶5 ratio or 1996800 1920 × 1040 for roughly 1.85 1.85 × 1, for instance.
Films
| Standard | Resolution | Display aspect ratio |
Total pixels |
|---|---|---|---|
| Digital cinema 2× | 2048 × 858 | 2.39:1 | 1,757,184 |
| Digital cinema 2× | 1998 × 1080 | 1.85:1 | 2,157,840 |
| Academy 2× | 1828 × 1332 | 1.37:1 | 2,434,896 |
| Full Aperture Native 2× | 2048 × 1556 | 1.32:1 | 3,186,688 |
| Digital cinema 4× | 4096 × 1714 | 2.39:1 | 7,020,544 |
| Digital cinema 4× | 3996 × 2160 | 1.85:1 | 8,631,360 |
| Digital Cinema Initiatives 4× (native resolution) | 4096 × 2160 | 1.90:1 | 8,847,360 |
| Academy 4× | 3656 × 2664 | 1.37:1 | 9,739,584 |
| Full Aperture 4× | 4096 × 3112 | 1.32:1 | 12,746,752 |
| 6K[5] | 6144 × 3160 | 1.94:1 | 19,415,040 |
| 8K | 7992 × 4320 | 1.85:1 | 34,525,440 |
| 7.2K | 7200 × 3060 | 2.35:1 | 22,032,000 |
| IMAX Digital[6] | 5616 × 4096 | 1.37:1 | 23,003,136 |
The below distinguish SAR (aspect ratio of pixel dimensions), DAR (aspect ratio of displayed image dimensions), and the corresponding PAR (aspect ratio of individual pixels), though it currently contains some errors (inconsistencies), as flagged.
| Standard | Resolution | Aspect ratio | Total pixels | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Storage | Display | Pixel | |||
| DV NTSC | 720 × 480 | 3:2 | 4:3 | 10:11 [citation needed] |
345,600 |
| D1 NTSC | 720 × 486 | 40:27 | 4:3 | 9:10 | 349,920 |
| DV PAL | 720 × 576 | 5:4 | 4:3 | 12:11 [citation needed] |
414,720 |
| D1 PAL | 720 × 576 | 5:4 | 4:3 | 16:15 | 414,720 |
| Panasonic DVCPRO HD 720p | 960 × 720 | 4:3 | 16:9 | 4:3 | 691,200 |
| Panasonic DVCPRO HD 1080, 59.94i | 1280 × 1080 | 32:27 | 16:9 | 3:2 | 1,382,400 |
| Panasonic DVCPRO HD 1080, 50i | 1440 × 1080 [citation needed] |
4:3 [citation needed] |
16:9 [citation needed] |
3:2 [citation needed] |
1,555,200 |
| HDV 1080i/1080p | 1440 × 1080 | 4:3 | 16:9 | 4:3 | 1,555,200 |
| Sony HDCAM (1080) | 1440 × 1080 [citation needed] |
4:3 [citation needed] |
16:9 [citation needed] |
3:2 [citation needed] |
1,555,200 |
| Sony HDCAM SR (1080) | 1920 × 1080 | 16:9 | 16:9 | 1:1 | 2,073,600 |
| Academy 2× | 1828 × 1332 | 1.37:1 | 1.37:1 | 1:1 | 2,434,896 |
| Full Aperture Native 2× | 2048 × 1556 | 1.316 | 4:3 | ~1:1 | 3,186,688 |
| Academy 4× | 3656 × 2664 | 1.37:1 | 1.37:1 | 1:1 | 9,739,584 |
| Full Aperture 4× | 4096 × 3112 | 1.316 | 4:3 | ~1:1 | 12,746,752 |
Video conferencing
| Standard | Resolution | Storage aspect ratio |
Total pixels |
|---|---|---|---|
| SQCIF (Sub Quarter CIF) | 128 × 96 | 1.33:1 | 12,288 |
| QCIF (Quarter CIF) | 176 × 144 | 1.22:1 | 25,344 |
| CIF (or FCIF) | 352 × 288 | 1.22:1 | 101,376 |
| 4CIF (4 × CIF) | 704 × 576 | 1.22:1 | 405,504 |
| 16CIF (16 × CIF) | 1408 × 1152 | 1.22:1 | 1,622,016 |
CCTV
960H is a resolution used in analog CCTV equipment. 960H represents the number of horizontal pixels in a video signal transmitted from a camera or received by a DVR (Digital Video Recorder). The resolution of 960H depends on whether the equipment is PAL or NTSC based: 960H represents 960 x 576 (PAL) or 960 x 480 (NTSC) pixels.[7] 960H represents an increase in pixels of some 30% over standard D1 resolution, which is 720 x 576 pixels (PAL), or 720 x 480 pixels (NTSC). The increased resolution over D1 comes as a result of a longer horizontal scan. The difference is that whilst D1 has a 4:3 aspect ratio 960H has a 16:9 widescreen aspect ratio. The extra pixels are used to form the increased area to the sides of the D1 image. The pixel density of 960H is identical to standard D1 resolution so it does not give any improvement in image quality, merely a wider aspect ratio.
Alternative analog video transport technologies carrying higher resolutions than 960H include HD-TVI, HDCVI, and AHD.
Notes
- ↑ LCD panels' resolutions are often quoted in terms of raw subpixels, misnamed "pixels" in manufacturer's specifications. Each real pixel includes one subpixel for each of three colors, so calling subpixels "pixels" inflates the claimed resolution by a factor of three. This bit of marketing obfuscation is calculated as horizontal resolution × vertical resolution × 3. For example: 640 × 480 VGA is 921,600 subpixels, or 307,200 pixels, 800 × 600 SVGA is 1,440,000 subpixels, or 480,000 pixels, and 1024 × 768 XGA is 2,359,296 subpixels, but only 786,432 full-color pixels.
- ↑ Horizontal resolutions are approximated using the sampling theorem, while vertical resolutions (lines) are fixed, standardized values
- ↑ 16:9 anamorphic available with some hardware.
References
- ↑ "Scanning, Timing/Sync, Sync Recovery, Numbers". http://www.ntsc-tv.com/ntsc-index-02.htm.
- ↑ "NTSC and PAL video standards". https://www.adobe.com/devnet/flash/learning_guide/video/part06.html.
- ↑ The Massively Parallel Processing System JUMP-1. 1996. ISBN 9784274900839. https://books.google.com/books?id=DAC3kgaNZfQC&q=1920x1035+hi-vision&pg=PA217.
- ↑ ETSI TS 101 154
- ↑ "RED Digital Cinema | DSMC2". https://www.red.com/dsmc2.
- ↑ Steve Wright (2012). Digital compositing for film and video, Volume 10. Taylor & Francis. p. 342. ISBN 9780240807607. https://books.google.com/books?id=IpSRykrRamgC&pg=PA342. Retrieved 18 December 2013.
- ↑ "Recording Resolution". https://www.cctv42.co.uk/help-advice/buying-guides/dvr-buying-guide/recording-resolution/.
Further reading
- Myers, Robert L. (4 October 2002). "Format and Timing Standards". Display Interfaces: Fundamentals and Standards. Chichester: John Wiley and Sons. p. 132. ISBN 0-471-49946-3. https://archive.org/details/displayinterface00myer_588.
- Rosch, Winn L. (21 February 2003). "Display Systems". Winn L. Rosch Hardware Bible (6th ed.). Que Publishing. p. 827. ISBN 0-7897-2859-1. https://archive.org/details/winnlroschhardwa00rosc_303.
External links
 |  |
