Engineering:List of mortar carriers

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A mortar carrier, or self-propelled mortar, is a self-propelled artillery piece in which a mortar is the primary weapon.

This list is incomplete; you can help by expanding it.

Summary List

Modern Era Mortar Systems

Mortar carrier 81 mm

Weapon name Caliber
[mm] 		Country of origin Source
ALKAR (Aselsan) 81 mm  Turkey [1]
Carrier Mortar Tracked (CMT) 81 mm  India [2]
Cardom 81 81 mm  Israel [3]
Dual EIMOS 81 mm  Spain [4]
ESLAIT A3MS 81 mm  Austria /  Israel
VingPos 81 mm  Norway [5][6]

Mortar carrier 120 mm

Weapon name Caliber
[mm] 		Country of origin Source
120 KRH-TEKA 120 mm  Finland
120 Mobile mortar system 120 mm  Georgia [7]
2R2M mortar 120 mm  France [8][9]
2S31 Vena 120 mm  Russia
120 mm  Russia
2S41 Drok 120 mm  Russia
Alakran 120 mm  Spain [10]
AHS-120 (Aselsan) 120 mm  Turkey [11]
AMOS (Patria)
(2 barrels) 		120 mm
× 2 		 Finland
 Sweden 		[12]
AMS II 120 mm  United Kingdom
 United States 		[13][14]
Cardom 120 120mm  Israel [15]
Cobra (RUAG) 120 mm   Switzerland [16]
Crossbow 120 120mm  Israel [17]
EMOC (Escribano) 120 mm  Spain [18]
ESLAIT A3MS 120 mm  Austria [19]
GMM-120 120 mm  Georgia [20]
GMOS (Escribano)
"Guardian MOrtar System" 		120 mm  Spain [21]
KSM120 Skyfall 120 mm  South Korea [22]
M1064 mortar carrier 120 mm  United States [23]
M1129 Mortar Carrier 120 mm  United States
M120 Mortar – Wiesel 2 120 mm  Germany [24]
M1287 Mortar Carrier 120 mm  USA [25]
Mjölner
(2 barrels) 		120 mm
× 2 		 Sweden [26]
MMC Bars-8 120 mm  Ukraine
NEMO (Patria) 120 mm  Finland [27]
PLL-05 120 mm  People's Republic of China [28]
Ragnarok MWS120 120 mm  Norway [29]
RAK 120 mm  Poland
SLING 120 mm  Israel [30]
Smereka 120 mm  Ukraine [31]
SPEAR 120 mm  Israel [32]
SRAMS "Super Rapid Advanced Mortar System" 120 mm  Singapore [33]

Cold War

Weapon name Caliber
[mm] 		Country of origin Source
2S4 Tyulpan 240 mm  Soviet Union
2S9 Nona 120 mm  Soviet Union
Vz.85 ShM-120 PRAM-S 120 mm  Czechoslovakia
M106 mortar carrier 107 mm  United States [34]

World War II Era Mortar Carriers

Weapon name Caliber
[mm] 		Country of origin Source
M4 MMC [fr] – M2 Halftrack 81 mm  United States [35][36][37]
M4A1 MMC M2 Halftrack 81 mm  United States [38][39][37]
M21 MMC M3 Half-track 81 mm  United States [37]
Reihenwerfer - SOMUA MCG 81 mm × 16  France /  Nazi Germany .[40][41]
Karl-Gerät Neubau-fahrzeug 540/600 mm  Nazi Germany [42]

Detailed list

Modern Era Mortar Carrier

This list is incomplete; you can help by expanding it.

This list includes mortar carrier systems that were developed after the Cold War.

Mortar carrier 81 mm

Mortar system Platform Calibre
[mm] 		Origin mortar system Image Quantity Service life Users (deliveries by client) Note
Order Delivery
ALKAR Defender 81 mm  Turkey ― ― ― In development Turkey Turkish Army System made by Aselsan, planned to be ordered by the Turkish Army[43]
Carrier Mortar Tracked (CMT) BMP-2 81 mm  India

 Israel

The Carrier Mortar Tracked Vehicle gliding down the Rajpath during the Republic Day Parade - 2006, in New Delhi on January 26, 2006.jpg 220 220 Since 2000 India Indian Army System made by DRDO and OFMK, fitted with IOF81 Type 1F tube (Indian licensed version of Soltam B455)[2]
Cardom 81 – EIMOS URO VAMTAC S3 BN-2 81 mm  Israel VAMTAC Cardom Ejército español.jpg 16 16 Since 2012 Spain Spanish Army (10)

Bahrain Bahraini Army (6)

System by Soltam.[44]

Being replaced by the URO VAMTAC - Dual EIMOS in the Spanish Army.[3]

Dual EIMOS URO VAMTAC ST5 81 mm  Spain ― 80 2 Since 2022 Spain Spanish Army

SpainSpanish Marines

System by Expal [es][4]
ESLAIT A3MS "SCORPION" URO VAMTAC ST5 81 mm  Austria ― Unknown Unknown Unknown Oman Omani Sultan's Special Force ESL Advanced Information Technology (ESLAIT), further evolution of the Cardom 10[45]
VingPos CV90 Mk.I RWS Multi BK 81 mm  Norway ― 24 16 Since 2016 Norway Norwegian Army System made by Rheinmetall Norway AS, fitted with L16A2 mortar tube[46][47][48]

Mortar carrier 120 mm

Mortar system Platform Calibre
[mm] 		Origin mortar system Image Quantity Service life Users (deliveries by client) Note
Order Delivery
120 Mobile mortar system Didgori Meomari 120 mm  Georgia Meomari Mortar Carrier.jpg

Didgori meomari wiht 120 mm mortar module.jpg

Unknown Unknown 2021 Exported to unknown user in the Middle East[7] Mortar made by Delta SEC[49]
2R2M mortar Freccia VBM Porta Mortaio 120 mm  France Italian Army - 82nd Infantry Regiment "Torino" VBM Freccia Mortar Carrier.jpg 35 21 2015 Italy Italian Army System made by Thales (formerly TDA)[8]
2R2M mortar
"Griffon MEPAC" 		VBMR Griffon 120 mm  France VBMR Griffon MEPAC maquette.jpg 54 0 From 2024 France French Army System made by Thales (formerly TDA)[9][50]
2R2M mortar VAB Mk.3 (6x6) 120 mm  France ― 6 6 2009 Oman Royal Army of Oman System designed and made by Thales (formerly TDA)[51][52]
2R2M mortar ACV-300 120 mm  France ACV 300 Adnan 120mm mortar carrier in display during 2022 MAF's open day in RMAF Kuantan.jpg 8 8 2010 Malaysia Malaysian Army System designed and made by Thales (formerly TDA)[51][53]
2R2M mortar DefTech AV8 120 mm  France ― 8 8 2019 Malaysia Malaysian Army System designed and made by Thales (formerly TDA)[51][53]
2R2M mortar M113 120 mm  France ― 25 25 2010 Saudi Arabia Saudi Arabian National Guard System designed and made by Thales (formerly TDA)[51]
AHS-120 BMC VuranEjder Yalçın 120 mm  Turkey Kirpi.jpg > 26 > 26 Since 2021 Turkey Turkish Army
(unknown)

Turkey Turkish Gendarmerie
(unknown)
KosovoKosovo Army
(26)

System made by Aselsan, initially named Alkar, renamed AHS-120.
Alakranmortar system / Toyota Land Cruiser J79 120 mm  Spain ― 6 6 Since 2023 Ukraine Ukrainian Army Ordered in 2023 for the Ukrainian Army[54]
Alakranmortar system / URO VAMTAC S3 120 mm  Spain ― 1 1 Only trial Spain Spanish Army Tested by the Spanish Army in 2018[55]
Alakranmortar system /

A2M
(Advanced Mobile Mortar)

Sherpa Light 120 mm  Spain
 France 		― ― ― In development ― Developed by Thales (mortar), Arquus (vehicle) and NTGS (Alakran)[56]
Alakran

MMK BARS-8

Bars-8

(Dodge RAM chassis)

120 mm  Spain Ukraine MMC Bars-8 and Turchynov 04.jpg

Bars-8 mortar 2.jpg

> 12 > 12 Since 2019 Ukraine Ukrainian Army [57][58]
AMOS
(2 barrels) 		Patria AMV 120 mm
× 2 		 Finland/

 Sweden

AMOS Patria AMV Lippujuhlan päivä 2014 1.JPG 18 18 2013 Finland Finnish Army System designed and made by Patria and BAE Hägglunds[12][59]
AMS II
"Advanced Mobile Mortar" 		LAV III 120 mm  United Kingdom United States LAV III Mortar Carrier.jpg 73 73 Since 2002 Saudi Arabia Saudi Arabian National Guard Weapon system developed by Delco Systems and Royal Ordonance[60]
Cobra – RUAG Piranha IV 120 mm   Switzerland 48 0 From 2024 Template:Country data CH Swiss Army "12 cm Mörser 16"[16]
Cobra – RUAG PARS III 8x8 120 mm   Switzerland COBRA 3 (cropped).jpg 6 6 Since 2019 Oman Royal Army of Oman [61]
Crossbow 120 Boxer 120 mm  Israel ― ― ― In development ― Turret for a mortar carrier ready for trial as of 2023, designed by Elbit for Israeli Army, and export as well. Tested on Boxer.[17]
EMOC VAC ASCOD 2 120 mm (or 81 mm)  Spain ― ― ― Prototype ― Lightest 120mm mortar carrier[62]
ESLAIT A3MS Piranha V 120 mm  Austria Israel File:120 mm Cardom 10 recoil mortar system fired from Piranha V.webm 15 15 Since 2019 Denmark Danish Army Piranha V AAAMS "Advanced Automated Autonomous Mortar System", further evolution of the Cardom 10 by Austrian company ESLAIT[63]
GMM-120 Modified

MAN KAT1

120 mm  Georgia

120 mm Self-propelled Mortar Module GMM-120 of STC Delta (Georgia).jpg

GMM-120 self-propelled mortar.jpg

― ― Prototype ― Made by STC Delta[20]
GMOS
"Guardian MOrtar System" 		VAC ASCOD 2 120 mm  Spain ― ― ― Prototype ― Escribano developed a turret to answer the coming needs of the Spanish Army, expected to be used with the Piranha V and / or the VAC (ASCOD 2 based APC)[21]
KSM120 Skyfall K200A1 120 mm  South Korea — Unknown Unknown Since January 2022 Template:Country data SKO South Korean Army Ordered in 2020 and then in 2022, intended to replace the 1840 KM30 in service (K-242A1 with 107 mm M30 mortar)[64]Announced to be in mass production.
M1064 mortar carrier M113 120 mm  Israel United States M1064 mortar carrier 181015-Z-AI968-1134Y.jpg 1124 1124 Since 1990 United States US Army (1076)

Egypt Egyptian Army(36)

Thailand Royal Thai Army (12)

M120G Rak Borsuk 120 mm  Poland Rak SMG120 MSPO16b.jpg ― ― In development ― Replacement of the Soviet mortars by this new system, mortar carriers split among the tracked Borsuk and the wheeled KTO Rosomak.
M120K Rak KTO Rosomak 120 mm  Poland Mozdzierz RAK.JPG 146 93 2017 Poland Polish Land Forces

(93 / 122)

Ukraine Ukrainian Army

(0 / 24)[65]

Developed by Poland for its army, and purchased later on among a large KTO Rosomak for Ukraine[66]
M1287 AMPV 120 mm  USA AMPV - 180920-A-EN512-003.jpg 386

(planned)

― In trials United States Hungarian Army Among the 2,907 vehicles in 5 variants, the US Army expects 386 mortar carriers for quick-reaction fire support[67][68]
Mjölner

(2 barrels)

CV90 Grkpbv 90 120 mm
× 2 		 Sweden Granatkastarpansarbandvagn 90.jpg 80 40 2019 Sweden Swedish Army System designed and made by BAE Hägglunds[69]

Barrels produced by Slovakian company KONSTRUKTA-Defence[70]

PLL-05 ZSL92 120 mm  China Masters of artillery fire 15.jpg > 500 2008 China Chinese Army [71]
Ragnarok MWS120 Prototypes:
  • trailer
  • Gidran
  • Boxer (RBSL's Mortar Boxer)
 120 mm  Norway 120 mm Ragnarok mortar combat system.jpg ― ― In trial phase ― Rheinmetall Norway AS developed this system.[72]

The Gidran was offered to Hungary, lost the competition, and a Boxer module is offered to the UK.

SLING Land Rover Defender;

Humvee

120 mm  Israel M1064 mortar carrier 181015-Z-AI968-1134Y.jpg ― ― Prototype / Testing phase ― Tested by Green berets, based on M120A1 tube and base plate.[73]
Smereka Varta 120 mm  Ukraine Smereka self-propelled mortar, Kyiv 2021, 03.jpg ― ― Prototype ― Moroccan Army potentially interested[74]
SPEAR

SPEAR LR

JLTV,

Humvee, SandCat, Tata LPTA

120 mm  Israel ― > 28 > 28 2015 Azerbaijan Azerbaijani Army (–)

Zambia Zambian Army (6)

Thailand Royal Thai Army (34)

Thai ATMM and Zambian Spear Mk.2 on Tata LPTA 713 TC 4×4 trucks[75][76]
SRAMS
"Super Rapid Advanced Mortar System" 		RG-31 Mk.5 120 mm  Singapore ― 48 48 ― United Arab Emirates United Arab Emirates Army System designed and made by ST Engineering.

(known as Agrab 120 in UAE Army)[77]

SRAMS Mk.II
"Super Rapid Advanced Mortar System" 		Belrex PCSV 120 mm  Singapore ― ― ― 2021 Singapore Singapore Army System designed and made by ST Engineering.[33][78]
SRAMS Mk.II
"Super Rapid Advanced Mortar System" 		Prototypes

Bronco 3 HumveeSpider

120 mm  Singapore ― ― ― Prototype Singapore Singapore Army System designed and made by ST Engineering prototype[79]

World War II Era Mortar Carriers

Vehicle Mortar system Caliber
[mm] 		Origin Image Service life Quantity Users Note
Start End
M4 MMC [fr]
"M4 Mortar Motor Carriage" 		M2 Halftrack 81 mm  United States M4-MC.png 1941 1945 572 United States US Army System developed by the Ordnance Department, made by White Motor Companyfitted with the M1 Mortar [37][80][81]
M4A1 MMC [fr]
"M4A1 Mortar Motor Carriage" 		M2 Halftrack 81 mm  United States M4A1-MMC4.jpg

81mm-Mortar-Carrier-M4-41stArmInf-2ArmDiv-194404-usasc-1.jpg

1943 1945 600 United States US Army System developed by the Ordnance Department, made by White Motor Companyfitted with the M1 Mortar.

[37][82][83]

M21 MMC
"M21 Mortar Motor Carriage" 		M3 Half-track 81 mm  United States M21 Mortar Carrier.png 1944 1968 110 United States US Army
(1944-1945, 110 made and used)
Free France Free French forces
(1945, 57 leased)
Austria Austrian Army
(1955-1968, 23 leased) 		System developed by the Ordnance Department, made by White Motor Companyfitted with the M1 Mortar [37][84]
Reihenwerfer SOMUA MCG 81 mm

× 16

 France Nazi Germany Bundesarchiv Bild 101I-300-1863-14, Riva-Bella, Vorführung Panzerwerfer, Beladen.jpg 1944 1945 Unknown Wehrmacht System developed and made by Alfred Becker, fitted with 16 mortars Brandt Mle 27/31.[40][41]
Karl-Gerät Neubau-fahrzeug 540 mm

or 600 mm

 Nazi Germany Karl6.jpg

Mörser Gerät 041 Karl 'Adam' at the Tank Museum, Kubinka pic3.jpg

1943 1945 7 Wehrmacht System developed and made by Rheinmetall-Borsig AG.[42]

References

Citations

  1. ↑ support@webtempleasia.com, Web Temple Development Team. "Aselsan Unveils Alkar 81mm Mortar System" (in en). https://www.dsaexhibition.com/aselsan-unveils-alkar-81mm-mortar-system. 
  2. ↑ 2.0 2.1 "Indian modern Tanks and AFVs 1990-2020". https://tanks-encyclopedia.com/modern/India/Indian_tanks.php. 
  3. ↑ 3.0 3.1 admin (2011-11-01). "Spanish Army to receive Elbit Mortars" (in en-US). https://www.army-technology.com/news/newsspanish-army-to-receive-elbit-mortars/. 
  4. ↑ 4.0 4.1 "Demonstration of the new Dual-EIMOS from EXPAL before various representatives of the Ministry of Defense" (in en). https://www.expalsystems.com:443/en/news-and-media-resources/news/dual-eimosdemonstration. 
  5. ↑ "CV90 MultiC delivered to Norway". https://www.baesystems.com/en/article/cv90-multic-delivered-to-norway. 
  6. ↑ "VingPos Mortar Weapon System highlighted by Rheinmetall at AAD 2014 | AAD 2014 Show Daily News Coverage Report | Defence and security military army exhibition 2014". https://www.armyrecognition.com/aad_2014_show_daily_news_coverage_report/vingpos_mortar_weapon_system_highlighted_by_rheinmetall_at_aad_2014.html. 
  7. ↑ 7.0 7.1 Defaiya, Al (2020-03-04). "Al Defaiya | Georgia to Export New Armoured Vehicle to Middle Eastern Country" (in en). https://www.defaiya.com/news/Regional%20News/MENA/2020/03/05/georgia-to-export-new-armoured-vehicle-to-middle-eastern-country. 
  8. ↑ 8.0 8.1 "IVECO / CIO Freccia". https://www.militaryfactory.com/armor/detail.php?armor_id=1113. 
  9. ↑ 9.0 9.1 "La Direction générale de l'armement qualifie la version sanitaire du Griffon". https://www.defense.gouv.fr/dga/actualites/direction-generale-larmement-qualifie-version-sanitaire-du-griffon. 
  10. ↑ "Partners Arquus, Thales and NTGS present the new Sherpa A2M at Eurosatory 2022" (in en). 2022-06-14. https://www.thalesgroup.com/en/worldwide/defence/press_release/partners-arquus-thales-and-ntgs-present-new-sherpa-a2m-eurosatory. 
  11. ↑ Khan, Bilal (2017-12-06). "Aselsan successfully tests AHS-120 mortar launch system" (in en-US). https://quwa.org/2017/12/06/aselsan-successfully-tests-ahs-120-mortar-launch-system/. 
  12. ↑ 12.0 12.1 Hower 2008, p. 148.
  13. ↑ "LAV AMS" (in en). https://weaponsystems.net/system/260-LAV+AMS. 
  14. ↑ admin (2005-01-28). "Modern Mobile Mortars Trends - Defense Update" (in en-US). https://defense-update.com/20050128_mortars-2.html,%20https://defense-update.com/20050128_mortars-2.html. 
  15. ↑ "You are being redirected...". https://elbitsystems.com/product/cardom/. 
  16. ↑ 16.0 16.1 "Swiss 120mm Mortar Piranha Production Starts" (in en-GB). 2021-03-06. https://www.joint-forces.com/features/41210-swiss-120mm-mortar-piranha-production-starts. 
  17. ↑ 17.0 17.1 "Elbit prepares Crossbow 120 mm mortar for firing trials and export sales | Shephard" (in en). https://www.shephardmedia.com/news/landwarfareintl/elbit-prepares-crossbow-120-mm-mortar-for-firing-trials-and-export-sales/. 
  18. ↑ "IDEX 2023: Escribano from Spain unveils EMOC world's lightest 120mm Mortar Carrier System | UAE Defense News | Defense Security global news industry army year 2023 | Archive News year". https://www.armyrecognition.com/uae_defense_news/idex_2023_escribano_from_spain_unveils_emoc_world_s_lightest_120mm_mortar_carrier_system.html. 
  19. ↑ Team, ESD Editorial (2019-09-19). "New Mortars for the Danish Army" (in en-US). https://euro-sd.com/2019/09/articles/14478/new-mortars-for-the-danish-army/. 
  20. ↑ 20.0 20.1 "120 mm mortar GMM-120 | STC Delta" (in en-US). 2015-06-03. https://delta.gov.ge/en/product/gmm-120/. 
  21. ↑ 21.0 21.1 Valpolini, Paolo (2023-06-16). "Escribano unveils its new GMOS mortar turret" (in en-GB). https://www.edrmagazine.eu/escribano-unveils-its-new-gmos-mortar-turret. 
  22. ↑ https://www.facebook.com/AOMilitarylover+(2023-01-04).+"KSM120 Skyfall: New South Korean 120mm Self-Propelled Mortar" (in en-US). https://military-wiki.com/ksm120-skyfall-new-south-korean-120mm-self-propelled-mortar/. 
  23. ↑ Russell 2011.
  24. ↑ "Rheinmetall liefert modernes Mörsersystem an die Bundeswehr - Auftragswert über 54 Mio. Euro" (in de-DE). 2009-06-25. https://www.pressebox.de/pressemitteilung/rheinmetall-ag/Rheinmetall-liefert-modernes-Moersersystem-an-die-Bundeswehr-Auftragswert-ueber-54-Mio-Euro/boxid/272456. 
  25. ↑ nonothai (2019-03-22). "BAE Systems Armoured Multi-Purpose Vehicle (AMPV)" (in en). https://thaimilitaryandasianregion.wordpress.com/2019/03/22/bae-systems-armoured-multi-purpose-vehicle-ampv/. 
  26. ↑ "Mjölner". https://www.baesystems.com/en/product/mjolner. 
  27. ↑ Rogoway 2014.
  28. ↑ "PLL05 120-mm Self-Propelled Mortar System | MilitaryToday.com". https://www.militarytoday.com/artillery/pll_05.htm. 
  29. ↑ "Rheinmetall Norway AS" (in lt-LT). https://livefiringshow.com/project/rheinmetall/. 
  30. ↑ "You are being redirected...". https://elbitsystems.com/product/sling/. 
  31. ↑ "Morocco to Buy Mine-Resistant Military Vehicles from Ukraine" (in en-US). 2022-02-11. https://newscentral.africa/morocco-to-buy-mine-resistant-military-vehicles-from-ukraine/. 
  32. ↑ "You are being redirected...". https://elbitsystems.com/product/spear/. 
  33. ↑ 33.0 33.1 Martin, Guy (2021-07-05). "Singapore commissions new Belrex variants" (in en-ZA). https://www.defenceweb.co.za/land/land-land/singapore-commissions-new-belrex-variants/. 
  34. ↑ Doyle 2011, pp. 315–317.
  35. ↑ "M4 Half-track" (in en). http://olive-drab.com/idphoto/id_photos_m4_halftrack.php. 
  36. ↑ "Histoire des M4 sur le site usarmymodels.com" (in en). http://www.usarmymodels.com/MANUFACTURERS/DML/dml6361.html. 
  37. ↑ 37.0 37.1 37.2 37.3 37.4 37.5 Zaloga 1994, p. 43.
  38. ↑ "M4 Half-track" (in en). http://olive-drab.com/idphoto/id_photos_m4_halftrack.php. 
  39. ↑ "Histoire des M4 sur le site usarmymodels.com" (in en). http://www.usarmymodels.com/MANUFACTURERS/DML/dml6361.html. 
  40. ↑ 40.0 40.1 The description for both photos mistakenly identify the Reihenwerfer as a 8 cm Raketen-Vielfachwerfer.
  41. ↑ 41.0 41.1 Chamberlain, Peter (1975). Mortars and rockets. Gander, Terry. New York: Arco Pub. Co. pp. 5-10. ISBN 0668038179. OCLC 2067459. https://archive.org/details/mortarsrockets0000cham/page/5. 
  42. ↑ 42.0 42.1 Jentz, Thomas (2001). Bertha's Big Brother: Karl-Geraet (60 cm & 54 cm). Panzer Tracts. ISBN 0-9708407-2-1. 
  43. ↑ "Aselsan rolls out Alkar 81 mm mortar" (in en). https://www.janes.com/defence-news/news-detail/aselsan-rolls-out-alkar-81-mm-mortar. 
  44. ↑ "EIMOS CARDOM 81mm gallery | Weapons Parade | EIMOS CARDOM." (in es). 2018-05-11. https://weaponsparade.com/eimos-cardom-81mmgallery/. 
  45. ↑ "Omani SSF operating self-propelled mortar" (in en). https://www.janes.com/defence-news/news-detail/omani-ssf-operating-self-propelled-mortar. 
  46. ↑ "VingPos Mortar Weapon System highlighted by Rheinmetall at AAD 2014 | AAD 2014 Show Daily News Coverage Report | Defence and security military army exhibition 2014". https://www.armyrecognition.com/aad_2014_show_daily_news_coverage_report/vingpos_mortar_weapon_system_highlighted_by_rheinmetall_at_aad_2014.html. 
  47. ↑ "Norwegian Army adding 20 CV90s to its fleet". https://www.baesystems.com/en/article/norwegian-army-adding-20-cv90s-to-its-fleet. 
  48. ↑ admin (2012-06-21). "Norwegian Army orders CV90 vehicles from BAE" (in en-US). https://www.army-technology.com/news/newsnorwegian-army-orders-cv90-vehicles-bae/. 
  49. ↑ "Georgian armored 120mm mortar carrier Didgori Meomari for Middle East | March 2020 News Defense Global Security army industry | Defense Security global news industry army 2020 | Archive News year". https://www.armyrecognition.com/march_2020_news_defense_global_security_army_industry/new_georgian_armored_120mm_mortar_carrier_didgori_meomari_for_middle_east.html. 
  50. ↑ "Le ministère des Armées s'offre 54 mortiers mobiles 2R2M de Thales" (in fr). 2019-07-10. https://www.latribune.fr/entreprises-finance/industrie/aeronautique-defense/le-ministere-des-armees-s-offre-54-mortiers-mobiles-2r2m-de-thales-823179.html. 
  51. ↑ 51.0 51.1 51.2 51.3 "Trade Registers". https://armstrade.sipri.org/armstrade/page/trade_register.php. 
  52. ↑ "Oman orders 2R2M mobile mortar systems from France | Aviation Week Network". https://aviationweek.com/oman-orders-2r2m-mobile-mortar-systems-france. 
  53. ↑ 53.0 53.1 Aryo (2019-07-20). "Gempita Malaysia 8×8 Mortar Carrier, Selayaknya Pindad Anoa Mengikuti" (in id-ID). https://arcinc.id/2019/07/20/gempita-malaysia-8x8-mortar-carrier-selayaknya-pindad-anoa-mengikuti/. 
  54. ↑ "Ukraine bought Toyota Land Cruiser SUVs with 120 mm mortars" (in en-US). 2023-02-23. https://bulgarianmilitary.com/2023/02/23/ukraine-bought-toyota-land-cruiser-suvs-with-120-mm-mortars/. 
  55. ↑ "Testing the new Alakran - Spanish army". https://ejercito.defensa.gob.es/en/reportajes/2019/91_vehiculo_artilleria_alakran.html. 
  56. ↑ "Partners Arquus, Thales and NTGS present the new Sherpa A2M at Eurosatory 2022" (in en). 2022-06-14. https://www.thalesgroup.com/en/worldwide/defence/press_release/partners-arquus-thales-and-ntgs-present-new-sherpa-a2m-eurosatory. 
  57. ↑ admin (2021-12-09). "BARS 8MMK Mobile Mortar Units Enter Service with Ukrainian Air Assault Troops" (in en-US). https://militaryleak.com/2021/12/09/bars-8mmk-mobile-mortar-units-enter-service-with-ukrainian-air-assault-troops/. 
  58. ↑ "Ukraine uses 120mm Alakran MMS mortars deploying in seconds" (in en-US). 2022-02-26. https://bulgarianmilitary.com/2022/02/26/ukraine-uses-120mm-alakran-mms-mortars-deploying-in-seconds/. 
  59. ↑ staff, Defense Industry Daily. "Both Barrels: Finnish Order Launches Patrias AMOS Mortar Turret". http://www.defenseindustrydaily.com/Both-Barrels-Finnish-Order-Launches-Patrias-AMOS-Mortar-Turret-06692/. 
  60. ↑ "LAV AMS" (in en). https://weaponsystems.net/system/260-LAV+AMS. 
  61. ↑ "Trade Registers". https://armstrade.sipri.org/armstrade/page/trade_register.php. 
  62. ↑ "IDEX 2023: Escribano from Spain unveils EMOC world's lightest 120mm Mortar Carrier System | UAE Defense News | Defense Security global news industry army year 2023 | Archive News year". https://www.armyrecognition.com/uae_defense_news/idex_2023_escribano_from_spain_unveils_emoc_world_s_lightest_120mm_mortar_carrier_system.html. 
  63. ↑ admin (2019-06-10). "Royal Danish Army Piranha 5 Advanced Automated Autonomous Mortar System" (in en-US). https://militaryleak.com/2019/06/10/royal-danish-army-piranha-5-advanced-automated-autonomous-mortar-system/. 
  64. ↑ https://www.facebook.com/AOMilitarylover+(2023-01-04).+"KSM120 Skyfall: New South Korean 120mm Self-Propelled Mortar" (in en-US). https://military-wiki.com/ksm120-skyfall-new-south-korean-120mm-self-propelled-mortar/. 
  65. ↑ https://mezha.media/en/2023/04/06/ukraine-will-receive-24-polish-m120k-rak-self-propelled-mortars/
  66. ↑ "Poland receives more Rak mortar carriers | Shephard" (in en). https://www.shephardmedia.com/news/landwarfareintl/poland-receives-more-rak-mortar-carriers/. 
  67. ↑ "Army Issues RFP For $6 Billion M113 Replacement: Armored Multi-Purpose Vehicle Program". 2013-03-24. http://defense.aol.com/2013/03/22/army-issues-rfp-for-6-billion-m113-replacement-armored-multi-p/. 
  68. ↑ https://sgp.fas.org/crs/weapons/IF11741.pdf
  69. ↑ ESD (2023-01-30). "Swedish Army Orders 20 Additional Mjölner Mortar Systems" (in en-US). https://euro-sd.com/2023/01/news/29345/swedish-army-orders-20-additional-mjolner-mortar-systems/. 
  70. ↑ "BAE – KONŠTRUKTA – Defence" (in en-US). https://kotadef.sk/projekty/bae/?lang=en. 
  71. ↑ "PLL05 120-mm Self-Propelled Mortar System | MilitaryToday.com". https://www.militarytoday.com/artillery/pll_05.htm. 
  72. ↑ ES&T editorial team (2022-09-26). "Mortar Boxer: RBSL conducts gunnery campaign with Ragnarok mission module" (in en). https://esut.de/en/2022/09/meldungen/36827/moerser-boxer-rbsl-fuehrt-schiesskampagne-mit-ragnarok-missionsmodul/. 
  73. ↑ "Special Forces test an Israeli mortar system that will make them more lethal and survivable" (in en-US). https://www.sandboxx.us/news/special-forces-test-an-israeli-mortar-system-that-will-make-them-more-lethal-and-survivable/. 
  74. ↑ "Morocco to Buy Mine-Resistant Military Vehicles from Ukraine" (in en-US). 2022-02-11. https://newscentral.africa/morocco-to-buy-mine-resistant-military-vehicles-from-ukraine/. 
  75. ↑ "Defense & Security 2022: Royal Thai Army expands artillery production" (in en). https://www.janes.com/defence-news/news-detail/defense-security-2022-royal-thai-army-expands-artillery-production. 
  76. ↑ https://defencehub.live/threads/zambian-military-parades-new-equipment.8180/
  77. ↑ Oliver, David (2018-06-14). "ST Engineering and Hirtenberger's new Mortar System" (in en-GB). https://www.edrmagazine.eu/st-engineering-and-hirtenbergers-new-mortar-system. 
  78. ↑ "Singapore Army showcases new self-propelled 120 mm mortar system" (in en). https://www.janes.com/defence-news/news-detail/singapore-army-showcases-new-self-propelled-120-mm-mortar-system. 
  79. ↑ https://www.stengg.com/media/30mlkf5n/stels_120mm-srams-mk2.pdf#_blank
  80. ↑ "M4 Half-track" (in en). http://olive-drab.com/idphoto/id_photos_m4_halftrack.php. 
  81. ↑ "Histoire des M4 sur le site usarmymodels.com" (in en). http://www.usarmymodels.com/MANUFACTURERS/DML/dml6361.html. 
  82. ↑ "M4 Half-track" (in en). http://olive-drab.com/idphoto/id_photos_m4_halftrack.php. 
  83. ↑ "Histoire des M4 sur le site usarmymodels.com" (in en). http://www.usarmymodels.com/MANUFACTURERS/DML/dml6361.html. 
  84. ↑ Moran, Nicholas (July 16, 2022). Austrian Armour at the Heeresgeschichtliches Museum, Part 1. The Chieftain. Retrieved October 3, 2022 – via YouTube.

Bibliography

  • Doyle, David (2011). Standard Catalog of U.S. Military Vehicles (Second ed.). Iola, WI: Krause Publications. ISBN 978-1-4402-2572-7. 
  • Hower, Sara B. (2008). Do Small States Make Bad Allies?. ISBN 978-0-549-58333-2. 
  • Russell, Phillip (2011). This We'll Defend: The Weapons and Equipment of the U.S. Army. Shilka Publishing. ISBN 978-1-4581-0420-5. 
  • Zaloga, Steven J. (1994). M3 Infantry Half-Track 1940–1973. New Vanguard. Oxford, UK: Osprey Publishing. ISBN 1-85532-467-9. 

News sources



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