Engineering:List of unrecovered and unusable flight recorders

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Flight data recorders (FDRs) and cockpit voice recorders (CVRs) in commercial aircraft continuously record information and can provide key evidence in determining the causes of an aircraft loss. The greatest depth from which a flight recorder has been recovered is 16,000 feet (4,900 m), for the CVR of South African Airways Flight 295. Most flight recorders are equipped with underwater locator beacons to assist searchers in recovering them from offshore crash sites, however these beacons run off a battery and eventually stop transmitting. For various reasons, a flight recorder cannot always be recovered, and many recorders that are recovered are too damaged to provide any data.

Crash date Flight Airline Plane Presumed location Broad cause Notes
1965-08-16 389 United Airlines Boeing 727-22 Lake Michigan, off Chicago, Illinois Accident FDR fragmented by the impact; parts of the outer cover were found but the foil tape containing the data was not.[1]
1966-03-05 911 British Overseas Airways Corporation Boeing 707-436 Mount Fuji, Japan Accident FDR destroyed by post-impact fire. The airplane was not required to carry a CVR.[2]
1966-08-06 250 Braniff International Airways BAC 1-11-203AE Richardson County, Nebraska Accident FDR destroyed in the crash.[3]
1966-10-01 956 West Coast Airlines DC-9-14 Near Wemme, Oregon Accident CVR destroyed by post-crash fire.
1966-11-15 708 Pan American World Airways Boeing 727-21 Near Dallgow in former East Germany Probable Accident The plane crashed in Soviet territory; only half of the wreckage was relinquished by Soviet authorities. The fate of the CVR and FDR is unknown.
1970-02-05 603 Dominicana de Aviación Douglas DC-9-32 Caribbean Sea, near Santo Domingo, Dominican Republic Accident Neither flight recorder was ever found.[4]
1970-05-02 980 ALM Douglas DC-9-33CF Caribbean Sea Accident Resting in 5,000 ft (1,500 m) of water; neither recorder found.[5]
1971-06-06 706 Hughes Airwest DC-9-31 San Gabriel Mountains near Los Angeles, California Accident CVR destroyed by post-crash fire.
1972-06-29 290 North Central Airlines Convair CV-580 Lake Winnebago, near Appleton, Wisconsin Accident One of two aircraft involved in the 1972 Lake Winnebago mid-air collision. An estimated 50% to 60% of the wreckage was recovered from the shallow, muddy water. FDR found in good condition; CVR not found.
1973-07-22 816 Pan American World Airways Boeing 707-321B Pacific Ocean, off Papeete, Tahiti Accident Resting in 700 m (2,300 ft) of water; neither recorder found.[6]
1974-09-08 841 Trans World Airlines Boeing 707-331B Ionian Sea, near Greece Bomb By the time the main wreckage was located, conclusive evidence of a bomb explosion had been found, and it was decided that whatever additional information the recorders held would not justify the cost and difficulty of recovering them. Neither of the recorders were ever found.
1974-12-04 138 Martinair Douglas DC-8 Maskeliya, Sri Lanka Accident FDR completely disintegrated by impact. Small fragments of the foil tape from the unit were recovered from the crash site, but all of the fragments were from the supply spool of the recorder, and thus did not contain any flight data. The aircraft did not carry a CVR.
1975-09-30 240 Malév Tupolev Tu-154 near the Lebanese shoreline Unknown Resting in between 600 and 1,000 m (2,000 and 3,300 ft) of water; neither recorder found.[7]
1975-11-12 032 Overseas National Airways McDonnell Douglas DC-10-30CF John F. Kennedy International Airport, New York City Accident CVR destroyed by post-crash fire.
1976-04-05 60 Alaska Airlines Boeing 727-81 Ketchikan International Airport, Ketchikan, Alaska Accident CVR destroyed by post-crash fire.[8]
1976-08-15 232 SAETA Vickers Viscount 785D Chimborazo volcano, Ecuador Accident Speculation surrounding the existence of both the FDR and the CVR followed the discovery of the plane's remains in 2002, after being lost for 26 years. Civil aviation authorities claimed it didn't carry any device, but a former SAETA pilot claimed that the Viscount carried at least the FDR. A former SAETA executive also claimed that the plane was acquired with both devices. In the end, due to the crash site's high altitude, harsh weather, and inaccessible and remote location, it was declared a holy field (de facto and de jure graveyard) and no investigation was made into the causes of the crash.[9]
1976-10-13 N730JP Lloyd Aéreo Boliviano Boeing 707-131F El Trompillo Airport, Santa Cruz de la Sierra, Bolivia Accident The FDR was inoperative at the time of the accident. The CVR's cockpit area microphone was inoperative and did not record any useful information as a result.[10]
1977-09-02 3751 Transmeridian Air Cargo Canadair CL-44 2.5 Nautical Miles east of Waglan Island Accident Recovery was hampered by bad weather and poor visibility. Undersea cables in the area precluded the use of dredging equipment, making salvage operations very difficult. Only 25% of the wreckage was recovered after an extensive effort; the CVR and FDR were not found.
1977-12-18 730 SA de Transport Aérien Sud Aviation Caravelle 4 kilometers southeast of Funchal Airport, Portugal Accident Aircraft was located but largely not recovered from the sea, it was not stated in the accident report which types of flight recorders were carried, only that none were recovered.[11]
1977-12-18 2860 United Airlines Douglas DC-8F-54 Near Kaysville, Utah Accident The CVR was inoperative at the time of the accident.[12]
1978-03-01 603 Continental Airlines McDonnell Douglas DC-10 Los Angeles International Airport Accident CVR tape broken.[13]
1979-01-30 967 Varig Boeing 707-323C Pacific Ocean, around 200 kilometers East Northeast from Tokyo, Japan Unknown The aircraft debris was never located and thus, neither the CVR and FDR was found and the cause of the crash was never determined.[14]
1979-05-25 191 American Airlines McDonnell Douglas DC-10-10 Des Plaines, Illinois Accident The separation of engine one caused the cockpit voice recorder to cut off and lose power one second later, causing the last 31 seconds of the crash to not be recorded.[15]
1981-05-07 901 Austral Líneas Aéreas BAC One-Eleven Río de la Plata, near Buenos Aires, Argentina Accident Neither flight recorder was ever found.[16]
1981-05-24 HC-BHG/FAE-723 Ecuadorian Air Force flight, in behalf of the Ecuadorian Government Beechcraft Super King Air Huairapungo Hill, Loja Province, Ecuador Accident (officially) The existence, and possible whereabouts, of the CVR and/or FDR has been disputed. High-ranking Air Force officers stated to a 1992 inquiry by the Congress of Ecuador that the black box equipment wasn't acquired with the plane because it was considered "optional." The acquisition expedient did not show that either device was acquired, and Beechcraft claimed that it had no record of selling or providing either device. In spite of this, and that, at least officially, none was found at the crash site, the possibility that black boxes existed has been speculated on. The head of the 1992 parliamentary inquiry criticized the Ecuadorian armed forces for cordoning off the area and removing debris without any judicial process or security protocols.[17]
1983-01-11 2885 United Airlines Douglas DC-8F-54 Detroit Metropolitan Airport, Romulus, Michigan Accident The FDR malfunctioned during the accident.[18]
1982-09-13 995 Spantax McDonnell Douglas DC-10-30CF Málaga Airport, Málaga, Spain Accident CVR destroyed by post-crash fire.
1985-01-01 980 Eastern Air Lines Boeing 727-225 25 nmi (46 km) from La Paz at the 19,600 ft (5,970 m) level of Andean peak Mt. Illimani. Accident Due to the extreme high altitude and inaccessibility of the accident location, the FDR and CVR could not be recovered.[19] A team of three mountain climbers attempted to find the recorders in 2016, recovering part of the recorder mounting rack and a magnetic tape which they believed may have come from the CVR.[20] The NTSB determined that the tape was not from a flight recorder.[21]
1985-01-21 203 Galaxy Airlines Lockheed L-188 Electra Near Cannon International Airport, Reno, Nevada Accident The FDR was inoperative at the time of the accident.[22]
1985-02-19 006 China Airlines Boeing 747SP-09 Pacific Ocean, near San Francisco, California, United States Accident CVR data overwritten due to the aircraft being repaired and returned to service.[23]
1985-07-10 5143 Aeroflot Tupolev Tu-154B-2 Uchkuduk, Uzbekistan (formerly Uzbek SSR) Accident CVR completely destroyed by impact, explosion, and post-crash fire.
1985-12-12 1285R Arrow Air Douglas DC-8-63CF Gander International Airport, Gander, Newfoundland and Labrador, Canada Accident The CVR was unusable as its cockpit area microphone was inoperative at the time of the accident and did not record any information.[24]
1987-11-28 295 South African Airways Boeing 747-244B Combi Indian Ocean, near Mauritius In-Flight Fire CVR located at a depth of 4,900 m (16,100 ft), but the quality of the audio was very poor and only the last 30 minutes were recorded. In that, much of the conversation was unknown and the tape stopped when the emergency began, possibly due to the fire burning the wires to the CVR. FDR not found.
1987-11-29 858 Korean Air Boeing 707-3B5C Andaman Sea Bomb Neither flight recorder was ever found.[25]
1988-07-03 655 Iran Air Airbus A300 Persian Gulf Shot Down Neither flight recorder was ever found.[26]
1989-03-10 1363 Air Ontario Fokker F28-1000 Dryden, Ontario Accident CVR and FDR destroyed by post-crash fire.
1989-09-08 394 Partnair Convair CV-580 Sea, near Copenhagen, Denmark Accident Both recorders found, CVR stopped working before takeoff, FDR yielded distorted data.
1990-01-25 052 Avianca Boeing 707 Cove Neck, New York Accident The FDR was inoperative at the time of the accident.[27]
1990-09-11 OB-1303 Faucett Perú Boeing 727-247 Atlantic Ocean, 350 miles southeast of Cape Race, Newfoundland Accident Plane and all sixteen aboard missing, along with the CVR and FDR. Aircraft was being returned to Peru after lease to Air Malta. Crew reported a low fuel notice and that they were preparing to ditch. 16 occupants were on board[28]
1991-05-26 004 Lauda Air Boeing 767-3Z9ER Phu Toei National Park, Suphan Buri Province, Thailand Accident FDR destroyed by post-crash fire.[29]
1992-01-03 4821 CommuteAir Beechcraft 1900C Gabriels, New York Accident CVR destroyed by post-crash fire. The airplane was not required to carry an FDR.[30]
1992-01-20 148 Air Inter Airbus A320-111 Mont Sainte-Odile Accident FDR destroyed by post-crash fire.[31]
1992-06-06 201 Copa Airlines Boeing 737-204 Advanced Darien Gap, near Tucuti, Panama Accident Both recorders found, but CVR tape was broken in several pieces, and the recording recovered from it was from a different flight.
1992-09-10 015 Expreso Aéreo Fokker F27-500 Bellavista airstrip, San Martín Region, Peru Accident The CVR's magnetic tape was found to have been burned by the post-crash fire. The FDR was found not to be working properly at the time of the crash, as the tape was not connected.[32]
1992-09-28 268 Pakistan International Airlines Airbus A300B4-203 Kathmandu, Nepal Accident Both recorders found, but no conversation can be heard on CVR, rendering it unusable.[citation needed]
1992-10-04 1862 El Al Boeing 747-258F Groeneveen and Klein-Kruitberg flats in the Bijlmermeer, Amsterdam Zuidoost Accident FDR found but severely damaged, with the tape broken in four pieces; CVR not found.[33]
1992-11-24 3493 China Southern Airlines Boeing 737-3Y0 12.5 miles south of Guilin Airport, China Accident FDR found but severely damaged, with the tape being exposed to the post crash fire; CVR not found.[34]
1992-12-07 012 China Airlines McDonnell Douglas MD-11 20 miles east of Japan Incident The CVR was overwritten.[35]
1993-04-06 583 China Eastern Airlines McDonnell Douglas MD-11 Near the Aleutian Islands Accident The CVR experienced a mechanical malfunction and did not contain any data from the accident flight.[36]
1994-04-06 9XR-NN Rwanda Government Dassault Falcon 50 1 Nautical Mile East of Kigali Airport, Kigali, Rwanda Shot Down The whereabouts and even the existence of the CVR and/or FDR has been disputed. Multiple independent investigations have been unable to determine the location of any flight recorders the aircraft may have carried. A proper examination of the crash site was not conducted until 15 years after the shootdown, by which time a majority of the wreckage had been displaced or scavenged.[37] The manufacturer performed maintenance on the airplane a year before the crash, during which they documented that no recorders were installed (though mounting racks were in place for the operator to install them if they later decided to).[38] Rwandan aviation laws at the time required all airplanes used for transporting the head of state to carry both a CVR and an FDR. The possibility that recorders were installed at some point between the work performed by Dassault and the shootdown has not been ruled out.
1994-12-21 702P Air Algérie, leased from Phoenix Aviation Boeing 737-200 Willenhall, Coventry Accident The FDR did not record any data from the accident flight.[39]
1995-08-09 901 Aviateca Boeing 737-200 San Vicente, El Salvador Accident The FDR was not found at the crash site, possibly scavenged from the site by locals.[40]
1995-12-20 41 Tower Air Boeing 747-136 John F. Kennedy International Airport, New York City Accident The FDR was inoperative during the accident due to a data acquisition unit problem.[41]
1996-02-29 251 Faucett Perú Boeing 737-222 Ciudad de Dios, Cerro Colorado District, near Arequipa, Peru Accident The FDR was usable, but the partly-burned and partly-damaged CVR had its magnetic tape broken at its beginning and only recorded isolated Spanish-language voices, possibly made during maintenance duties. Thus there was no recording of the flight crew's final moments before the crash. The airline claimed to have acquired the CVR in mid-1995, and to have done maintenance on it in two occasions immediately prior to the crash; however, the CVR's interior showed December 1989 as the date of its last opening.[42]
1996-10-22 406 Millon Air Boeing 707-323C Manta, Ecuador Accident The FDR presented malfunctions that precluded precise and full readouts of its data. The device was reportedly retrofitted into the aircraft and also lacked adequate documentation.[43][44]
1997-12-06 RA-82005 Ukrainian Cargo Airways Antonov An-124-100 Mira Street, Irkutsk, Russia Accident The two flight recorders were in the center of the fire and were too badly damaged to provide meaningful data.[45]
1998-09-29 602 Lionair Antonov An-24RV Off the coast of Iranaitivu, Mannar District, Sri Lanka Shootdown No trace of either the FDR or the CVR was found among the 30% to 40% of the aircraft's wreckage that was salvaged in 2013. Only a highly corroded and damaged debris was later identified as the auxiliary data recorder.[46]
2000-01-30 431 Kenya Airways Airbus A310-304 Atlantic Ocean, East of Félix-Houphouët-Boigny International Airport, Abidjan, Ivory Coast Accident The FDR data did not correspond to any kind of flight.[47]
2001-09-11 11 American Airlines Boeing 767-223ER North World Trade Center, New York City Hijack Neither flight recorder was ever found.[48]
2001-09-11 175 United Airlines Boeing 767-222 South World Trade Center, New York City Hijack Neither flight recorder was ever found.[48]
2001-09-11 77 American Airlines Boeing 757-223 Pentagon, Washington D.C. Hijack CVR too badly damaged by fire to provide any information.[48]
2001-10-04 1812 Siberia Airlines Tupolev Tu-154 Black Sea Shootdown Resting in 3,300 ft (1,000 m) of water; neither recorder found.[49]
2002-05-04 4226 EAS Airlines BAC One-Eleven 525FT Mallam Aminu Kano International Airport, Kano, Nigeria Accident The FDR was recovered but inoperative; the CVR was never found.[50]
2002-07-28 9560 Pulkovo Aviation Enterprise Ilyushin Il-86 Near Sheremetyevo International Airport, Moscow, Russia Accident The CVR did not record the flight crew's conversations.[51]
2003-05-25 N844AA Aerospace Sales & Leasing Boeing 727 Luanda, Angola Unknown Aircraft stolen, current whereabouts are unknown.
2004-10-14 1602 MK Airlines Boeing 747-244(SF) Halifax Stanfield International Airport, Halifax, Nova Scotia Accident CVR was exposed to extreme heat for an extended period which melted the recording tape.[52]
2005-02-03 904 Kam Air Boeing 737-200 Pamir Mountains, Afghanistan Accident Crash site located at a near inaccessible area of the Pamir Mountains. Most of the wreckage was buried in deep snow, and specialists had to clear landmines from the area before it could be accessed. FDR found with extreme difficulty (though it did not contain data due to a pre-existing fault in the data acquisition unit). The CVR was never found, and at least one investigator was killed during the search.
2005-09-05 091 Mandala Airlines Boeing 737-200 Advanced Polonia International Airport, Medan Accident Both recorders found, but CVR was of poor quality, rendering it unusable.
2005-10-22 210 Bellview Airlines Boeing 737-200 Lisa Village, Ogun, Nigeria Accident Neither recorder found.[53]
2005-12-19 101 Chalk's Ocean Airway Grumman G-73T Turbine Mallard Miami Beach, Florida Accident Not equipped with FDR; CVR recovered but nothing audible could be recovered from it.[54][55]
2006-08-13 2208 Air Algérie Lockheed C-130 Hercules Piacenza, Italy Accident The aircraft carried an older FDR which was inoperative at the time of the accident.[56]
2007-11-30 4203 Atlasjet McDonnell Douglas MD-83 Keçiborlu, Turkey Accident The CVR was inoperative for 9 days before the crash. FDR only recorded the first 14 minutes of the flight.[57]
2008-08-24 6895 Iran Aseman Airlines Boeing 737-219 Advanced Manas International Airport, Bishkek, Kyrgyzstan Accident The FDR tape was damaged by fire leading to a 13 seconds cut in data. The CVR was inoperative prior to the flight. It contained the recording of a previous flight.[58]
2009-10-21 2241 Azza Transport Boeing 707-330C 2 miles north of Sharjah International Airport Accident Neither the FDR or the CVR were recording during the flight.[59]
2010-11-11 ST-ARQ Tarco Airlines Antonov An-24 Zalingei Airport, Zalingei, Sudan Accident The FDR did not contain any data and the CVR contained 4 minutes of recording of a different flight.[60]
2011-07-28 991 Asiana Airlines Boeing 747-400F Korea Strait Accident FDR was recovered but the memory module was missing inside the chassis. CVR not recovered.[61]
2012-06-03 0992 Dana Air McDonnell Douglas MD-83 Iju-Ishaga, Lagos, Nigeria Accident Both recorders recovered, but the FDR was destroyed.[62]
2012-12-09 N345MC Private Aircraft Learjet 25 Iturbide, Mexico Accident FDR recovered but with too much damage to yield any data. CVR not found at crash site, investigators could not determine whether the airplane was equipped with one at the time of the crash.[63]
2014-03-08 370 Malaysia Airlines Boeing 777-2H6ER South Indian Ocean Unknown Plane and all 239 passengers and crew missing, along with the CVR and FDR.
2014-07-24 5017 Air Algérie McDonnell Douglas MD-83 Near Gossi, Mali Accident CVR quality was unusable.[64]
2015-08-16 267 Trigana Air ATR 42-300 Near Oksibil, West Papua, Indonesia Accident Both recorders found, but FDR was not working at the time of accident.
2015-09-05 6V-AIM Senegalair Hawker-Beechcraft HS125-700A Atlantic Ocean, west of Dakar, Senegal Accident Plane and all seven aboard missing, along with the CVR and FDR.
2018-04-18 30 Delta Air Lines Airbus A330-323 Hartsfield–Jackson Atlanta International Airport, Atlanta, Georgia Accident CVR data overwritten by other recordings.[65]
2021-07-06 251 Petropavlovsk-Kamchatsky Air Antonov An-26B-100 Palana, Russia Accident Both recorders recovered, but the CVR was too badly damaged to retrieve data from it.
2024-01-05 1282 Alaska Airlines Boeing 737 MAX 9 Over Portland, Oregon , United States Accident CVR overwritten by other recordings.[66]

See also

  • List of missing ships

References

  1. ↑ "NTSB Aircraft Accident Report, United Airlines N7036U in Lake Michigan". http://libraryonline.erau.edu/online-full-text/ntsb/aircraft-accident-reports/AAR67-AA.pdf. 
  2. ↑ "The crash of BOAC flight 911: Analysis". 20 October 2020. https://admiralcloudberg.medium.com/the-crash-of-boac-flight-911-analysis-dbd2dc4b0f18. 
  3. ↑ "Crash probe: Recorder is 'useless'". Deseret News. UPI ((Salt Lake City, Utah)): p. 1A. August 8, 1966. https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=M49aAAAAIBAJ&sjid=-EkDAAAAIBAJ&pg=4436%2C1392423. 
  4. ↑ "Crash of a Douglas DC-9-32 off Santo Domingo: 102 killed". Bureau of Aircraft Accidents Archives. https://baaa-acro.com/crash/crash-douglas-dc-9-32-santo-domingo-102-killed. 
  5. ↑ "NTSB Aircraft Accident Report, Aircraft Accident Report: Overseas National Airways, Inc. Douglas DC-9 N935F, Operating as Antillaanse Luchtvaart Flight 980, Near St. Croix, Virgin Islands, 2 May 1970". http://www.airdisaster.com/reports/ntsb/AAR71-08.pdf. 
  6. ↑ Accident description at the Aviation Safety Network
  7. ↑ "The Lost Flight – Malév 240 | Airliners.net". http://www.airliners.net/aviation-articles/read.main?id=55. 
  8. ↑ "Aircraft Accident Report, Alaska Airlines, Inc., Booing 727-81, N124AS, Ketchikan International Airport, Ketchikan, Alaska, April 5, 1976". National Transportation Safety Board. December 22, 1976. https://www.ntsb.gov/investigations/AccidentReports/Reports/AAR7620.pdf.  - Copy at Embry-Riddle Aeronautical University.
  9. ↑ https://www.eluniverso.com/2003/02/22/0001/12/55C79041D544420DBF2009D69EAED0A6.html/ "Polémica por caja negra" (Controversy over black box) El Universo. 22 February 2003 (in Spanish)
  10. ↑ Ranter, Harro. "ASN Aircraft accident Boeing 707-131F N730JP Santa Cruz-El Trompillo Airport (SRZ)". Flight Safety Foundation. https://aviation-safety.net/database/record.php?id=19761013-0. 
  11. ↑ Direcçao-Geral da Aeronautica Civil (1974). "SATA - S.A. DE TRANSPORT AERIEN SE210R SUPER CARAVELLE HB-ICK". https://reports.aviation-safety.net/1977/19771218-1_S210_HB-ICK.pdf. 
  12. ↑ "Aircraft Accident Report United Airlines, Inc., Douglas DC-8-54, N8047U, near Kaysville, Utah, December 18, 1977.". National Transportation Safety Board. July 27, 1978. https://www.ntsb.gov/investigations/AccidentReports/Reports/AAR7808.pdf. 
  13. ↑ "Aircraft Accident Report, Continental Air Lines, Inc., McDonnell-Douglas DC-10-10, N68045, Los Angeles, California, March 1, 1978". National Transportation Safety Board. January 25, 1979. https://www.ntsb.gov/investigations/AccidentReports/Reports/AAR7901.pdf. Retrieved December 22, 2017. 
  14. ↑ "Varig accident description". Flight Safety Foundation. 1979-01-30. http://aviation-safety.net/database/record.php?id=19790130-0. 
  15. ↑ Aircraft Accident Report: American Airlines, Inc. DC-10-10, N110AA, Chicago O'Hare International Airport, Chicago, Illinois, May 25, 1979 (Report). National Transportation Safety Board. December 21, 1979. NTSB-AAR-79-17. https://www.ntsb.gov/investigations/AccidentReports/Reports/AAR7917.pdf. Retrieved September 6, 2016. 
  16. ↑ JIACC. "Informe Final: Investigacion de Accidentes de Aviación". http://prevacc.org/informes/19810507.pdf. 
  17. ↑ "Víctor Granda en muerte de Jaime Roldós: A lo mejor sí existió caja negra, sospechas falta de rúbrica de dos páginas del contrato del avión presidencial (Audio)" (in es). 25 May 2015. http://www.ecuadorinmediato.com/index.php?module=Noticias&func=news_user_view&id=2818781889. 
  18. ↑ "United Airlines Flight 2885, N8053U, McDonnell Douglas DC-8-54F, Detroit, Michigan, January 11, 1983". National Transportation Safety Board. October 31, 1983. https://www.ntsb.gov/investigations/AccidentReports/Reports/AAR8307.pdf. 
  19. ↑ Investigation of Controlled Flight into Terrain. Descriptions of Flight Paths for Selected Controlled Flight into Terrain (CFIT) Aircraft Accidents, 1985–1997. by Robert O. Phillips. Federal Aviation Administration, U.S. Department of Transportation, Project Memorandum DOT-TSC-FA9D1-99-01, March 1999.
  20. ↑ "Two Massachusetts men claim they have found long-lost 'black boxes' in Bolivia". The Boston Globe. https://www.bostonglobe.com/metro/2016/06/05/two-massachusetts-men-say-they-have-found-long-lost-black-boxes-bolivia/KEDOi2YEOnsMSYfTK7alGO/story.html. 
  21. ↑ "NTSB Press Release". https://www.ntsb.gov/news/press-releases/Pages/PR20170207.aspx. 
  22. ↑ "Aircraft Accident Report, Galaxy Airlines Inc., Lockheed Electra-L-1 88C, N5532, Reno, Nevada, January 21, 1985". National Transportation Safety Board. February 4, 1986. p. 13. http://libraryonline.erau.edu/online-full-text/ntsb/aircraft-accident-reports/AAR86-01.pdf. 
  23. ↑ "Aircraft accident report : China Airlines Boeing 747-SP, N4522V, 300 nautical miles northwest of San Francisco, California, February 19, 1985". National Transportation Safety Board. 29 March 1986. https://ntsb.gov/investigations/AccidentReports/Reports/AAR8603.pdf. 
  24. ↑ "Aviation Occurrence Report, Arrow Air Inc. Douglas DC-8-63 N950JW, Gander International Airport, Newfoundland, 12 December 1985". Canadian Aviation Safety Board. 14 November 1988. http://flightopsresearch.org/data/files/arrow1285.pdf. 
  25. ↑ "Seoul Pardons North Korean in Bombing of Airliner Killing 115". Los Angeles Times. 13 April 1990. http://articles.latimes.com/1990-04-13/news/mn-1259_1_north-korean-bombed. 
  26. ↑ "Shooting Down Iran Air Flight 655". Iran Chamber Society. 2004. http://www.iranchamber.com/history/articles/shootingdown_iranair_flight655.php. 
  27. ↑ Aircraft Accident Report, Avianca, The Airline of Columbia, Boeing 707-321B, HK 2016, Fuel Exhaustion, Cove Neck, New York, January 25, 1990. National Transportation Safety Board. April 30, 1991. NTSB/AAR-91/04. https://www.ntsb.gov/investigations/AccidentReports/Reports/AAR9104.pdf. Retrieved January 15, 2016. 
  28. ↑ Accident description for OB-1303 at the Aviation Safety Network. Retrieved on 27 January 2016.
  29. ↑ "Lauda Air B767 Accident Report". https://rvs-bi.de/publications/Incidents/DOCS/ComAndRep/LaudaAir/LaudaRPT.html. 
  30. ↑ "In reply refer to: A-94-74 through -76". National Transportation Safety Board. March 28, 1994. https://www.ntsb.gov/safety/safety-recs/recletters/A94_74_76.pdf. 
  31. ↑ "Rapport de la commission d'enquête sur l'accident survenu le 20 janvier 1992 près du Mont Sainte-Odile (Bas Rhin) à l'Airbus A 320 immatriculé F-GGED exploité par la compagnie Air Inter" (in fr). Bureau of Enquiry and Analysis for Civil Aviation Safety. http://www.bea.aero/docspa/1992/f-ed920120/htm/f-ed920120.html. 
  32. ↑ https://cdn.www.gob.pe/uploads/document/file/438890/Informe_Final__OB1443_-_10SEP92_.pdf?v=1576002839 Ministry of Transport and Communications - Investigation Report (1992). p. 14. (in Spanish)
  33. ↑ Bijlmerramp
  34. ↑ "1992年南方航空公司B737"11·24"桂林空难事故 - CEAA-中国实验类飞行器" (in zh). 2014-05-19. http://www.ceaa.org.cn/anquan/yunshuhangkonganquan/2012/1005/1249.html. 
  35. ↑ "In-flight turbulence encounter and loss of portions of the elevators, China Airlines Flight CI-012, McDonnell Douglas MD-11-P, Taiwan registration B-150, About 20 miles east of Japan, December 7, 1992". National Transportation Safety Board. 1994-02-15. https://www.ntsb.gov/investigations/AccidentReports/Reports/AAR9402.pdf. 
  36. ↑ Aircraft Accident Report - Inadvertent in-flight slat deployment, China Eastern Airlines flight 583, McDonnell Douglas MD-11, B-2171, 950 nautical miles south of Sheyma, Alaska, April 6, 1993 (Report). National Transportation Safety Board. October 27, 1993. NTSB/AAR-93/07. https://www.ntsb.gov/investigations/AccidentReports/Reports/AAR9307.pdf. Retrieved September 22, 2021.  - Copy at Embry–Riddle Aeronautical University.
  37. ↑ "Investigation into the Crash of Dassault Falcon 50 Registration Number 9XR-NN on 6 April 1994 Carrying Former President Juvenal Habyarimana | Empennage | Air Traffic Control". https://www.scribd.com/document/24984758/Investigation-into-the-Crash-of-Dassault-Falcon-50-Registration-Number-9XR-NN-on-6-April-1994-Carrying-Former-President-Juvenal-Habyarimana. 
  38. ↑ Mutsinzi, Jean. "REPORT OF THE INVESTIGATION INTO THE CAUSES AND CIRCUMSTANCES OF AND RESPONSIBILITY FOR THE ATTACK OF 06/04/1994 AGAINST THE FALCON 50 RWANDAN PRESIDENTIAL AEROPLANE, REGISTRATION NUMBER 9XR-NN". https://www.files.ethz.ch/isn/125423/1036_FalconReport.pdf. 
  39. ↑ "Report on the accident to Boeing 737-2D6C, 7T-VEE at Willenhall, Coventry, Warwickshire on 21 December 1994". Air Accidents Investigation Branch. 7 December 1995. http://www.aaib.gov.uk/cms_resources/1-1996%207T-VEE.pdf. 
  40. ↑ "AIRCRAFT ACCIDENT REPORT AVIATECA FLIGHT 901 BOEING 737-200 15 MILES NE EL SAVADOR INTL ARPT SAN SALVADOR, EL SALVADOR AUGUST 9,1995". 9 August 1995. http://especiales.laprensagrafica.com/2006/aviateca/Informe.pdf. 
  41. ↑ "Runway Departure During Attempted Takeoff, Tower Air Flight 41, Boeing 747-136, N605FF, JFK International Airport, New York, December 20, 1995". National Transportation Safety Board. 1996-12-02. https://www.ntsb.gov/investigations/AccidentReports/Reports/AAR9604.pdf. 
  42. ↑ https://cdn.www.gob.pe/uploads/document/file/3042462/Informe%20Final%20OB-1451%20%2829Feb1996%29.pdf.pdf?v=1650991747 Ministry of Transport and Communications - Investigation Report (1996). pp. 8-9. (in Spanish)
  43. ↑ "Controlled Flight Into Terrain, Korean Air Flight 801, Boeing 747-300, HL7468, Nimitz Hill, Guam, August 6, 1997". National Transportation Safety Board. January 13, 2000. p. 30. https://www.ntsb.gov/investigations/AccidentReports/Reports/AAR0001.pdf. 
  44. ↑ https://flightsafety.org/ap/ap_sept98.pdf p. 11, Note 1.
  45. ↑ "Катастрофа самолета Ан-124 в Иркутске (1997 г.)" (in ru). 2007-12-06. https://ria.ru/20071206/91137587.html. 
  46. ↑ https://www.caa.lk/images/pdf/past_acciden_incident_reports/18_Report_final_Lionair_LN602.pdf p. 17
  47. ↑ "REPORT – Accident which occurred on 30 January 2000 in the sea near Abidjan Airport to the Airbus 310–304 registered 5Y-BEN operated by Kenya Airways". Bureau of Enquiry and Analysis for Civil Aviation Safety. 25 January 2002. https://www.bea.aero/docspa/2000/5y-n000130a/pdf/5y-n000130a.pdf. 
  48. ↑ 48.0 48.1 48.2 9/11 Commission Report, Notes to Chapter 1, note 76, p. 456 (PDF p. 474),
  49. ↑ Gilmore, Inigi (2001-10-07). "Israel accuses Ukraine of hiding missile strike that destroyed jet". The Daily Telegraph. https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/worldnews/europe/ukraine/1358757/Israel-accuses-Ukraine-of-hiding-missile-strike-that-destroyed-jet.html. 
  50. ↑ "CIVIL AVIATION ACCIDENT REPORT No. 382". Accident Investigation and Prevention Bureau. 26 November 2002. https://aib.gov.ng/wp-content/uploads/2021/01/EAS-5N-ESF.pdf. 
  51. ↑ Ranter, Harro. "ASN Aircraft accident Ilyushin Il-86 RA-86060 Moskva-Sheremetyevo Airport (SVO)". Flight Safety Foundation. http://aviation-safety.net/database/record.php?id=20020728-0. 
  52. ↑ Government of Canada, Transportation Safety Board of Canada (2006-04-06). "Aviation Investigation Report A04H0004". https://www.tsb.gc.ca/eng/rapports-reports/aviation/2004/a04h0004/a04h0004.html. 
  53. ↑ "Report on the Accident involving Bellview Airlines Ltd B737-200 Reg. 5N-BFN at Lisa Village, Ogun State, Nigeria On 22 October 2005". February 2021. https://reports.aviation-safety.net/2005/20051022-0_B732_5N-BFN.pdf. 
  54. ↑ Monaghan, Aidan (2012) (in en). Declassifying 9/11: A Between the Lines and Behind the Scenes Look at the September 11 Attacks. iUniverse. ISBN 978-1-4759-2022-2. https://books.google.com/books?id=uny_wo4jvNQC&q=Chalk%27s+Ocean+Airways+Flight+101+fdr&pg=PA32. 
  55. ↑ "NTSB Says Nothing Audible On Chalk's Plane CVR | Aero-News Network". http://www.aero-news.net/index.cfm?do=main.textpost&id=ec0b737c-acb5-47e5-ba5b-f9d7765f4a6c. 
  56. ↑ Massy-Beresford, Helen (2 February 2007). "Italian aviation safety agency urges Algerian authorities to enforce rules on modern flight data recorders in light of August 2006 Air Algérie crash". London: Flightglobal. Archived from the original on 5 March 2016. https://web.archive.org/web/20160305170722/https://www.flightglobal.com/news/articles/italian-aviation-safety-agency-urges-algerian-authorities-to-enforce-rules-on-modern-flight-data-recorders-in-light-of-august-2006-air-algrie-crash-211898/. Retrieved 16 January 2013. 
  57. ↑ "ISPARTA KAZASINA DAMGA VURACAK RAPOR!" (in tr-TR). 2013-03-21. https://www.airporthaber.com/havacilik-haberleri/isparta-kazasina-damga-vuracak-rapor.html. 
  58. ↑ "INTERSTATE AVIATION COMMITTEE COMMISSION FOR THE INVESTIGATION OF AVIATION ACCIDENTS FINAL REPORT ON RESULTS OF AVIATION ACCIDENT INVESTIGATION" (in Russian). https://reports.aviation-safety.net/2008/20080824-0_B732_EX-009.pdf. "As a result of the examination of the parametric recorder FDR 980-4100 GQUS it was found that a 320mm section of the carrier (magnetic tape) was exposed to high temperature. The information on this section cannot be restored. cannot be recovered. Based on the fact that the tape speed is 12.2 mm / sec, and given the location of the magnetic heads, there is no record of the last part of the flight. about 13 seconds is missing. Recorded audio information corresponds to the flight Moscow-Bishkek (flight IRC 632). It is impossible to establish the date of the flight. Information about of flight B737-200 EX-009 on 24.08.2008 is missing. This testifies to the fact that the CVR recorder in flight on 24.08.2008 was not operational." 
  59. ↑ "AIR ACCIDENT INVESTIGATION REPORT AIRCRAFT CRASH AFTER TAKEOFF". 12 March 2013. https://www.gcaa.gov.ae/en/ePublication/admin/iradmin/Lists/Incidents%20Investigation%20Reports/Attachments/12/2009-Final%20Report%20B707%20-%20ST-AKW%20%20-%20Report%2010%202009.pdf. 
  60. ↑ "Accident: Tarco Airlines AN24 at Zalingei on Nov 11th 2010, gear damage on landing, broke up and burst into flames". http://avherald.com/h?article=433515e2. 
  61. ↑ "IMPLICATIONS OF ACCIDENT INVESTIGATION OF ASIANA AIRLINES FREIGHTER". 8–9 October 2012. https://www.icao.int/APAC/Meetings/2012_RASG_APAC2/AI3_WP12_Republic%20of%20Korea_AAR991%20Accident.pdf. 
  62. ↑ Report on the Accident to DANA AIRLINES NIGERIA LIMITED Boeing MD-83 aircraft with registration 5N-RAM which occurred at Iju-Ishaga Area of Lagos State, Nigeria, on 3rd June 2012 (Report). Accident Investigation Bureau. DANA/2012/06/03/F. http://www.aib.gov.ng/media/1117/dana-airlines-md83-5n-ram.pdf. Retrieved 19 February 2019. 
  63. ↑ SCT. "Informe Técnico de la Comision Invetigadora y Dictaminadora de Accidentes de Aviacion". https://reports.aviation-safety.net/2012/20121209-0_LJ25_N345MC.pdf. 
  64. ↑ "FINAL REPORT – Accident on 24 July 2014 in the region of Gossi in Mali to the MD-83 registered EC-LTV operated by Swiftair S.A". Bureau of Enquiry and Analysis for Civil Aviation Safety. 22 April 2016. https://www.bea.aero/uploads/tx_elydbrapports/ec-v140724.en.pdf. 
  65. ↑ Babcock, Christopher (2021-03-08). "Cockpit Voice Recorder - Specialist's Factual Report". National Transportation Safety Board. https://data.ntsb.gov/Docket/Document/docBLOB?ID=12024003&FileExtension=pdf&FileName=factual%20v2-Rel.pdf. 
  66. ↑ Villamizar, Helwing (8 January 2024). "No Data on Flight 1282 Cockpit Voice Recorder, NTSB Calls out FAA". Airways. https://airwaysmag.com/no-data-1282-cockpit-recorder-ntsb/. 



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