Engineering:Lynk Global
Lynk Global is a company developing a satellite-to-mobile-phone satellite constellation that aims to provide a "cell tower in space" capability for global mobile phone service coverage, including in underserved rural areas without cellular coverage. Lynk has requested a license from the US Federal Communications Commission to launch up to ten test satellites as early as 2022, with the goal to begin continuous global coverage in 2025 using a constellation of several thousand satellites.[1]
History
Lynk Global Inc. was founded in 2017 by Charles Miller, Margo Deckard, and Tyghe Speidel.[2] The business plan for Lynk came out of a multi-year effort to look for the killer app for small satellites, specifically satellites as small as cubesat-class nanosatellites, which led to the concept of connecting a satellite directly to a mobile phone. The idea had been thought to not be possible by some, but the Lynk concept and patents gave Lynk founders and investors confidence it was achievable.[2] Lynk raised US$20 million from investors during early years and expects to raise a US$100 million round later in 2021.[1]
In February 2020, Lynk "sent the world's first text message from a satellite in orbit to a standard mobile phone on the ground" in a test supported by both NASA and several mobile network operators.[3]
On 25 May 2021, Lynk filed with the US telecommunications regulator, the FCC, to license Lynk's satellites and multiple satellite launches, with the goal to enable global mobile connectivity from space-based assets.[3]
By May 2021, Lynk had launched four "cell-tower-in-space" test satellites into orbit.[4] The fifth one, Shannon, was launched on 29 June 2021[5] and is a test sat of a new design suitable for mass production. Shannon is larger and operates at a higher power level and greater telecom capacity than the earlier test satellites. According to Lynk, the design is capable of being scaled up to provide greater communications throughput.[6]
On 25 July 2023, Lynk published the first public video demonstrating a satellite-to-phone voice-call,[7] though earlier in April of the same year, AST SpaceMobile claimed to have made the first space-based two-way telephone call with an unmodified smartphone.[8]
Technology
According to the company, Lynk satellite mobile technology is capable of connecting to standard[3] mobile phones from satellites in 500 km (310 mi)-altitude orbits.[2]
Lynk technology connects to mobile phones on the ground in a way similar to roaming networks, where the satellite mobile service will connect to another available cellular network when outside the range of its home network. To accomplish the regulatory side of this novel telecommunications method will require that Lynk work through the various geographically dispersed, and often country-specific, mobile network operators in any area of the world in which the service is to be available.[1]
Satellites launched
The first Lynk payloads to be tested in space have been flown attached to Cygnus spacecraft following their departure from the ISS. The first was tested on Cygnus NG-10 in February 2019, the second on Cygnus NG-11 in August 2019 and the third on Cygnus NG-12 in January 2020.[9][10] Those have been followed by two free-flying test satellites, Lynk 04 ULTP and Lynk 06 Shannon, that have been launched on Falcon 9 Block 5 rockets in March 2020 and June 2021 respectively.[11][12] The launch of operational satellites, named Lynk Towers, started in April 2022 with 3 satellites launched as of January 2023.[12]
| Satellite | COSPAR ID | Catalog N° | Launch date | Launch vehicle | Orbit altitude | Inclination |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Test satellites | ||||||
| Lynk 04 ULTP | 2020-011D | 45605 | 7 March 2020 | Falcon 9 Block 5 | 456 km x 464 km | 51.6° |
| Lynk 05 Shannon | 2021-059BM | 48938 | 30 June 2021 | Falcon 9 Block 5 | 505 km x 528 km | 97.6° |
| Operational satellites | ||||||
| Lynk Tower 01 (Lynk 05) | 2022-033F | 52162 | 1 April 2022 | Falcon 9 Block 5 | 496 km x 510 km | 94.5° |
| Lynk Tower 03 (Lynk 08) | 2023-001AP | 55046 | 3 January 2023 | Falcon 9 Block 5 | 525 km x 545 km | 97.5° |
| Lynk Tower 04 (Lynk 09) | 2023-001AB | 55034 | 3 January 2023 | Falcon 9 Block 5 | 525 km x 545 km | 97.5° |
See also
References
- ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 ALthouse, Michael (25 May 2021). "Falls Church-based Lynk is officially seeking FCC approval for its space cell phone network". Technical.ly DC. https://technical.ly/dc/2021/05/25/lynk-fcc-license/.
- ↑ 2.0 2.1 2.2 "Executive Spotlight: Charles Miller: Chief Executive Officer, Lynk". SatMagazine. June 2020. http://www.satmagazine.com/story.php?number=1718477155.
- ↑ 3.0 3.1 3.2 "Lynk Files for FCC License to Enable Global Mobile Connectivity". Morningstar, Inc.. 25 May 2021. https://www.morningstar.com/news/business-wire/20210525005197/lynk-files-for-fcc-license-to-enable-global-mobile-connectivity.
- ↑ Satellite direct-to-cellphone startup Lynk Global files for FCC license; 5th payload launches in June, Space Intel Report, 25 May 2021.
- ↑ Lentz, Danny (29 June 2021). "SpaceX successfully launches Transporter 2 mission with 88 satellites". https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/2021/06/spacex-f9-transporter-2-rideshare/.
- ↑ "Lynk launches 5th 'cell tower in space'". Light Reading. 13 July 2021. https://www.lightreading.com/5g/lynk-launches-5th-cell-tower-in-space/d/d-id/770828.
- ↑ Donny, Jackson (26 July 2023). "Lynk Global announces video of two-way sat-to-phone voice calls". https://urgentcomm.com/2023/07/26/lynk-global-announces-video-of-two-way-sat-to-phone-voice-call/.
- ↑ "AST SpaceMobile Makes History in Cellular Connectivity, Completing the First-Ever Space-Based Voice Call Using Everyday Unmodified Smartphones". https://www.businesswire.com/news/home/20230425005532/en/AST-SpaceMobile-Makes-History-in-Cellular-Connectivity-Completing-the-First-Ever-Space-Based-Voice-Call-Using-Everyday-Unmodified-Smartphones.
- ↑ Werner, Debra (17 July 2019). "UbiquitiLink raises $12 million for communications satellites". SpaceNews. https://spacenews.com/ubiquitilink-has-raised-12-million-for-communications-constellation/.
- ↑ Foust, Jeff (4 March 2020). "Cygnus mission extended for tests of communications payload". SpaceNews. https://spacenews.com/cygnus-mission-extended-for-tests-of-communications-payload/.
- ↑ Krebs, Gunter. "Lynk 04 (ULTP, Lynk The World)". Gunter's Space Page. https://space.skyrocket.de/doc_sdat/lynk-04.htm.
- ↑ 12.0 12.1 Krebs, Gunter. "Lynk 05, 06 (Lynk Tower 01, Shannon)". Gunter's Space Page. https://space.skyrocket.de/doc_sdat/lynk-06.htm.
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