Engineering:Mine-resistant ambush protected vehicle

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Short description: Armoured vehicle designed to survive IED explosion
"MRAP" redirects here. For the French anti-racist organisation, see MRAP (organization). For the gene, see Melanocortin 2 receptor accessory protein.
United States-made Cougar HE MRAPV being tested in January 2007 with landmines
Russian Ural-63095 Typhoon MRAPV

Mine-resistant ambush protected vehicle (MRAPV), also known as MRAP vehicle, is a type of armoured personnel carrier that is designed specifically to withstand the impact of land mines, improvised explosive device (IED) attacks, and ambushes to save troops' lives.[1][2][3][4] Most modern infantry mobility vehicles also have a certain level of MRAP capabilities.

History

Specialized light armored vehicles designed specifically to resist land mines were first introduced in the 1970s by the Rhodesian Army, and were further developed by South African manufacturers starting in 1974 with the Hippo armored personnel carrier (APC).[5][6] The first step by the South African Defence Force (SADF) was the Bosvark, a Unimog fitted with a shallow mine-deflecting tub on the chassis to protect the crew. Then came the first generation of purpose-built vehicles, including the Hippo and various other light vehicles. They were essentially armoured V-shaped hulls mounted on truck chassis. The next generation was represented by the Buffel, a Unimog chassis with a mine-protected cab and a mine-protected crew compartment mounted on it. These early vehicles overloaded their chassis and they were clumsy off-road. The Casspir Mine-Resistant Ambush Protected Vehicle was developed for the SADF after 1980;[7] this was the inspiration for the American and other military MRAPV program and the basis for some of the program's vehicles.[8][9][10]

Design

Turkish-made BMC Kirpi in Ukrainian Marine Corps service
Polish Special Forces Oshkosh M-ATV M1240A1 on display at NATO Days Ostrava 2021

These vehicles have good off-road mobility, and armor protection against small-arms fire, IEDs, and antipersonnel mines. These armored vehicles generally have a distinctive V-shaped hull (for mine protection) and a wheeled chassis.[1][2][3][4]

List of MRAP vehicles

Dedicated MRAPV
Name Country of origin Entered service Image
ATF Dingo Germany 2000 frameless
BAE Caiman United States 2007 frameless
BMC Vuran Turkey 2009 frameless
BMC Kirpi Turkey 2014 frameless
Gaz Tigr Russia 2007 frameless
Cougar United States 2002 frameless
CS/VP3 MRAP China 2012 frameless
Ezugwu MRAP Nigeria 2019 frameless
First Win Thailand 2010 frameless
International MaxxPro United States 2007 frameless
Kalyani M4 India 2022 frameless
Kamaz Typhoon Russia 2014 frameless
MPCV "Spook" Rhodesia 1979 frameless
Nexter Aravis France 2009 frameless
Force Protection Ocelot United Kingdom 2011 frameless
Oshkosh M-ATV United States 2009 frameless
JLTV United States 2019 frameless
Marauder South Africa 2008 frameless
Protolab Misu Finland 2017 frameless
RG-31 Nyala South Africa 2006 frameless
RG-33 South Africa 2007 frameless
Sisu GTP Finland 2018 frameless
Toofan Iran 2018 frameless
Unicob Sri Lanka 2021 frameless
Unibuffel Sri Lanka 2000 frameless
Zastava M20 MRAP Serbia 2023 frameless

Infantry mobility vehicle with MRAP capabilities

References

  1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 Pike, John. "Mine Resistant Ambush Protected (MRAP) Vehicle Program". http://www.globalsecurity.org/military/systems/ground/mrap.htm. 
  2. ↑ 2.0 2.1 "Turkey Quietly Sent 50 Mine-Resistant Armored Vehicles to the Ukrainian Military". 24 August 2022. https://www.autoevolution.com/news/turkey-quietly-sent-50-mine-resistant-armored-vehicles-to-the-ukrainian-military-196728.html. 
  3. ↑ 3.0 3.1 "Rosoboronexport launches import-substituted Typhoon-K MRAP vehicle in foreign markets". 23 April 2023. https://roe.ru/eng/press-service/press-releases/rosoboronexport-launches-import-substituted-typhoon-k-mrap-vehicle-in-foreign-markets/?from_main. 
  4. ↑ 4.0 4.1 "Mine Resistant Ambush Protected (MRAP) Vehicle Vehicle Management Codes". DEPARTMENT OF THE AIR FORCE. https://static.e-publishing.af.mil/production/1/af_a4/publication/qtp24-3-c507/qtp24-3-c507.pdf. 
  5. ↑ "Lesakeng". South African Armour Museum. 2012-12-06. http://www.saarmourmuseum.co.za/lesakeng.html. 
  6. ↑ Heitman, Helmoed-Römer. South African Armed Forces. Buffalo Publications 1990. ISBN 0-620-14878-0 p 44.
  7. ↑ Russell, Robert W (2009). Does the MRAP meet the U.S. Army's needs as the primary method of protecting troops from the IED threat? (PDF) (Master of Military Art and Science thesis). US Army Command and General Staff College. Archived (PDF) from the original on October 9, 2012.
  8. ↑ Mike Guardia (20 November 2013). US Army and Marine Corps MRAPs: Mine Resistant Ambush Protected Vehicles. Osprey Publishing. pp. 14–. ISBN 978-1-78096-255-9. https://books.google.com/books?id=7M6OAwAAQBAJ&pg=PA14. 
  9. ↑ Leon Engelbrecht (8 February 2010). "Fact file: Casspir MRAP". http://www.defenceweb.co.za/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=6527:fact-file-casspir-mrap&catid=79:fact-files&Itemid=159. 
  10. ↑ "An MRAP for India". http://www.defenseindustrydaily.com/an-mrap-for-india-04739/. 



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