Engineering:Nuclear power by country
Nuclear power plants operate in 32 countries and generate about a tenth of the world's electricity.[2] Most are in Europe, North America, East Asia and South Asia. The United States is the largest producer of nuclear power, while France has the largest share of electricity generated by nuclear power, at about 70%.[3] China has the fastest growing nuclear power programme with 16 new reactors under construction, followed by India, which has 8 under construction.[when?][4]
Some countries operated nuclear reactors in the past but have no operating nuclear plants. Among them, Italy closed all of its nuclear stations by 1990 and nuclear power has since been discontinued because of the 1987 referendums. Kazakhstan phased out nuclear power in 1999 but is planning to reintroduce it possibly by 2035.[5] Germany operated nuclear plants since 1960 until the completion of its phaseout policy in 2023. Austria (Zwentendorf Nuclear Power Plant) and the Philippines (Bataan Nuclear Power Plant) never started to use their first nuclear plants that were completely built.
Sweden and Belgium originally had phase-out policies however they have now moved away from their original plans. The Philippines relaunched their nuclear programme on February 28, 2022 and may try to operate the 1984 mothballed Bataan Plant.[6][7]
Due to financial, political and technical reasons, Cuba, Libya and Poland never completed the construction of their first nuclear plants, and Australia , Azerbaijan, Georgia, Ghana, Ireland, Kuwait, Oman, Peru and Singapore never built their planned first nuclear plants.[8][9] Some of these countries are still planning to introduce nuclear power. As of 2020, Poland was in advanced planning phase for 1.5 GW and planned to have up to 9 GW by 2040.[10] Hong Kong has no nuclear power plants within its boundary, but imports 80% of the electricity generated from Daya Bay Nuclear Power Station located across the border, in which the power company of the territory holds stake.[11][12] In 2021, Iraq declared it was planning to build 8 nuclear reactors by 2030 to supply up to 25% electric power in a grid that was suffering from shortages.[13]
Overview
Of the 32 countries in which nuclear power plants operate, only France , Slovakia, Ukraine and Belgium use them as the source for a majority of the country's electricity supply as of 2021. Other countries have significant amounts of nuclear power generation capacity. By far the largest nuclear electricity producers are the United States with 772,221 GWh of nuclear electricity in 2022, followed by China with 395,354 GWh.[2] As of 2022, 401 reactors with a net capacity of 361,144 MWe were operational, and 57 reactors with net capacity of 59,091 MWe were under construction. Of the reactors under construction, 21 reactors with 21,608 MWe were in China and 8 reactors with a capacity of 6,028 MWe were in India .[14][failed verification]
Template:Sticky headerTemplate:Table alignment
Country | Reactors | Capacity(MW) | Generation(GWh) | %total | Capacityfactor | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
In use |
Being built |
World | 401 | 57 | 361,155 | 2,486,834 | N/A | 79% | |
3 | 1 | 1,641 | 7,470 | 5.4% | 52% | ||||
1 | 0 | 416 | 2,631 | 31.0% | 72% | ||||
0 | 2 | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A | ||||
1 | 1 | 1,110 | 4,411 | 11.9% | 45% | ||||
7 | 0 | 5,942 | 41,744 | 46.4% | 80% | [lower-alpha 1] | |||
2 | 1 | 1,884 | 13,745 | 2.5% | 83% | ||||
2 | 0 | 2,006 | 15,784 | 32.6% | 90% | ||||
19 | 0 | 13,624 | 81,718 | 12.9% | 68% | ||||
54 | 21 | 52,181 | 395,354 | 5.0% | 86% | ||||
6 | 0 | 3,934 | 29,310 | 36.7% | 85% | ||||
0 | 3 | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A | ||||
5 | 0 | 4,394 | 24,242 | 35.0% | 63% | ||||
56 | 1 | 61,370 | 282,093 | 62.6% | 52% | ||||
4 | 0 | 1,916 | 14,954 | 47.0% | 89% | ||||
19 | 8 | 6,290 | 41,972 | 3.1% | 76% | ||||
1 | 2 | 915 | 6,009 | 1.7% | 75% | ||||
33 | 2 | 31,679 | 51,908 | 6.1% | 19% | [lower-alpha 2] | |||
2 | 0 | 1,552 | 10,539 | 4.5% | 78% | ||||
1 | 0 | 482 | 3,931 | 3.3% | 93% | ||||
6 | 1 | 3,262 | 22,219 | 16.2% | 78% | ||||
2 | 0 | 1,300 | 10,222 | 19.4% | 90% | ||||
37 | 6 | 27,727 | 209,517 | 19.6% | 86% | ||||
5 | 1 | 2,308 | 14,830 | 59.2% | 73% | ||||
1 | 0 | 688 | 5,311 | 42.8% | 88% | [lower-alpha 3] | |||
2 | 0 | 1,854 | 10,124 | 4.9% | 62% | ||||
25 | 3 | 24,489 | 167,514 | 30.4% | 78% | ||||
7 | 0 | 7,123 | 56,150 | 20.3% | 90% | [lower-alpha 4] | |||
6 | 0 | 6,937 | 50,018 | 29.4% | 82% | ||||
4 | 0 | 2,973 | 23,180 | 36.4% | 89% | [lower-alpha 5] | |||
3 | 0 | 2,859 | 22,917 | 9.1% | 92% | ||||
0 | 4 | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A | ||||
15 | 2 | 13,107 | 81,126 | 55.0% | 71% | [lower-alpha 6] | |||
3 | 1 | 4,011 | 19,300 | 6.8% | 55% | ||||
12 | 2 | 7,343 | 43,605 | 14.2% | 68% | ||||
93 | 1 | 95,523 | 772,221 | 18.2% | 92% |
See also
- List of commercial nuclear reactors
- List of nuclear power stations
- Nuclear energy policy by country
- List of nuclear power accidents by country
- List of countries by uranium reserves
- World Nuclear Industry Status Report
- Nuclear industry in Canada
Notes
References
- ↑ "Operational & Long-Term Shutdown Reactors". IAEA. 13 April 2013. http://www.iaea.org/PRIS/WorldStatistics/OperationalReactorsByCountry.aspx.
- ↑ 2.0 2.1 2.2 "Nuclear Share of Electricity Generation in 2022". IAEA. https://pris.iaea.org/pris/worldstatistics/nuclearshareofelectricitygeneration.aspx.
- ↑ "Nuclear Power in France | French Nuclear Energy - World Nuclear Association". https://www.world-nuclear.org/information-library/country-profiles/countries-a-f/france.aspx.
- ↑ "China Nuclear Power | Chinese Nuclear Energy - World Nuclear Association". http://www.world-nuclear.org/info/inf63.html.
- ↑ "Kazakhstan chooses site for second NPP". Nuclear Engineering International. 2022-08-09. https://www.neimagazine.com/news/newskazakhstan-chooses-site-for-second-npp-9913411.
- ↑ "Philippines relaunches nuclear energy programme : Nuclear Policies - World Nuclear News". https://www.world-nuclear-news.org/Articles/Philippines-relaunches-nuclear-energy-programme.
- ↑ "Sweden Reverses Nuclear Phase-out Policy". https://www.nti.org/analysis/articles/sweden-reverses-nuclear-phase-out/.
- ↑ Duroyan Fertl (5 June 2011). "Germany: Nuclear power to be phased out by 2022". Green Left. http://www.greenleft.org.au/node/47834.
- ↑ James Kanter (25 May 2011). "Switzerland Decides on Nuclear Phase-Out". New York Times. https://www.nytimes.com/2011/05/26/business/global/26nuclear.html?_r=1.
- ↑ Wilczek, Maria (2020-06-16). "Construction of Poland's first nuclear power plant to begin in 2026" (in en-US). https://notesfrompoland.com/2020/06/16/construction-of-polands-first-nuclear-power-plant-to-begin-in-2026/.
- ↑ "Hong Kong fallout from China's reckless nuclear ambitions". https://amp.scmp.com/magazines/post-magazine/article/1898583/hong-kong-fallout-chinas-reckless-nuclear-ambitions-feared.
- ↑ "CLP to increase nuclear power imports 10pc". https://www.scmp.com/news/hong-kong/article/1422471/clp-increase-nuclear-power-imports-10pc.
- ↑ "Iraq hopes to build 8 nuclear power reactors by 2030" (in en). 15 June 2021. https://www.brecorder.com/news/40100330.
- ↑ Nuclear Power Reactors in the World. Vienna: International Atomic Energy Agency. 2020. ISBN 978-92-0-114820-9. https://www-pub.iaea.org/MTCD/Publications/PDF/RDS-2-40_web.pdf.
External links
Original source: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nuclear power by country.
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