Engineering:Remington Model 870

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Short description: Pump-action shotgun made by Remington Arms Company
Remington Model 870
Remington 870 Wmaster.jpg
Remington Model 870 12 Gauge pump action shotgun (Wingmaster model)
TypeShotgun
Place of originUnited States
Service history
In service1950–present
Used bySee Users
WarsLebanese Civil War
Vietnam War
Iraq War
Production history
DesignerL.Ray Crittendon, Phillip Haskell, Ellis Hailston, G.E. Pinckney
Designed1950
ManufacturerRemington Arms
Unit cost$350[1]
Produced1950–present[2]
No. built11,000,000+[2]
VariantsWingmaster, Express, Marine, SPS, SPS-T, XCS, Tac-14, Super Mag, MCS, DM, Tac-14 DM
Specifications
Mass7.0 lb (3.2 kg) to 8.0 lb (3.6 kg)
Length26.3 in (670 mm) to 50.5 in (1,280 mm)
Barrel length14 in (360 mm) to 30 in (760 mm)
Cartridge12 gauge, 16 gauge, 20 gauge, 28 gauge, or .410 bore
ActionPump-action
Feed system3+1, 4+1, 5+1, 6+1, or 7+1 round internal tube magazine, or an external 6+1 box magazine
SightsBead, twin bead, adjustable open sights, or ghost ring (all iron sights). Also cantilever and receiver-mounts for scopes[3]

The Remington Model 870 is a pump-action shotgun manufactured by Remington Arms Company, LLC. It is widely used by the public for shooting sports, hunting and self-defense, as well as by law enforcement and military organizations worldwide.

Development

The Remington 870 was the fourth major design in a series of Remington pump shotguns. John Pedersen designed the fragile Remington Model 10 (and later the improved Remington Model 29). John Browning designed the Remington Model 17 (which was later adapted by Ithaca into the Ithaca 37), which served as the basis for the Remington 31. The Model 31 was marketed as the “ball-bearing repeater” and was well-received, but its many machined and handfitted parts made the gun expensive to manufacture. Consequently, it struggled in sales compared to the Winchester Model 12. To achieve better sales, Remington produced the Model 870 in 1950, which was more modern and reliable in its construction, easy to take apart and maintain, and relatively inexpensive.[4][5]

The 870 was a commercial success. Remington sold two million guns by 1973 (ten times the number of Model 31 shotguns it replaced). As of 1983, the 870 held the record for the best-selling shotgun in history, with three million sold.[6] By 1996, spurred by sales of the basic "Express" models, which were added as a lower-cost alternative to the original Wingmaster line, sales topped seven million guns. On April 13, 2009, the ten millionth Model 870 was produced.[7][8]

Design details

The 870 features a bottom-loading, side ejecting receiver and a tubular magazine under the barrel. The gun comes with a plug for migratory bird hunting which reduces the magazine's capacity to two[9] rounds. It has dual action bars, internal hammer, and a bolt which locks into an extension in the barrel. The action, receiver, fire control group, safety catch and slide release catch of the Remington Model 870 shotgun are similar to those used on the Remington Model 7600 series pump-action centerfire rifles and carbines. The basic fire control group design was first used in the automatic 11–48.[10][11] Twelve gauge stocks will also interchange on the older 12-gauge-sized 20-gauge receivers, although modification is needed to fit the smaller sized 20-gauge receivers employed since the late 1970s. Several parts of the 870, such as buttstocks and magazine tubes, will interchange with the semi-automatic Remington 1100 and 11–87.[12][13]

The original 870 models were offered with fixed chokes. In 1986 Remington introduced the new Remington "Rem Choke" system of screw-in chokes (also fitted to Remington model 1100 auto-loading shotguns at the same time). Initially, the Rem Chokes were offered only in 12 gauge in barrel lengths of 21", 26", and 28". The following year the availability was expanded to the 20 gauge and included other barrel lengths.[11][14]

The 870's production for over 30 years had a design whereby a user could fail to press a shell all the way into the magazine when loading - so that the shell latch did not engage the shell - which could result in tying up the gun. This was caused by the shell slipping out of the magazine under the bolt in the receiver to bind the action, requiring rough treatment of the action or even disassembly. The potential issue was resolved with the introduction of the "Flexi Tab" carrier. Guns with this modification can be identified by the "U"-shaped cut-out on the carrier, visible from below the gun. The cut-out, combined with a modified machining on the underside of the slide assembly, allows the action to be opened with a shell on the carrier.[15]

Variants

Remington 870 Police Magnum 14 inch barrel (customize painted with cerakote color "Gunmetal")
Remington 870 Express Tactical fitted with after market Remington ShurShot stock

There are hundreds of variations of the Remington 870 in 12, 16, 20, 28 gauges and .410 bore. In 1969 Remington introduced 28 gauge and .410 bore models on a new scaled-down receiver size, and in 1972 a 20 gauge Lightweight ("LW") version was introduced on the same sized receiver, and all of the smaller gauges today are produced on that size receiver. From the original fifteen models offered, Remington currently produces dozens of models for civilian, law enforcement, and military sales. 870 variants can be grouped into:

  • Express – Matte blue/black bead-blasted with hardwood, laminated hardwood or synthetic stocks and chambered for 2 3/4" and 3" 12 or 20 gauge shot shells. All Expresses have been chambered in 3" in 12 and 20 gauge, but markings have varied.
  • Express Tactical – Matte blue/black bead-blasted with a synthetic stock and chambered for 2 3/4", 3", or 3 1/2" 12 gauge shot shells.[16]
  • FieldMaster – Matte blue/black with walnut stock and chambered for 2 3/4" and 3" 12 or 20 gauge shot shells.
  • Mark 1 – adopted by the United States Marine Corps in the late 1960s and saw service into the 21st century. The Model 870 Mark 1 has a 21-inch (53 cm) barrel with an extended magazine increasing total capacity to 8 rounds, and was fitted with an adapter allowing use of the standard M7 bayonet for the M16 rifle.[11][17]
  • MCS (Modular Combat Shotgun) – A new modular variant of the Model 870 which can be quickly modified with different barrels, magazine tubes, and stocks for different purposes, such as urban combat and door breaching.
  • Police Magnum – The law enforcement version of the Model 870, the Police Magnum, is chambered in 12 gauge 3" magnum. It can be ordered with two options: a blued or Parkerized steel finish. These models feature a sturdier sear spring, carrier latch spring, and a forged steel extractor (as opposed to the metal injection molded extractor used on the 870 Express variants). The receivers are stamped with the insignia "Remington 870 Police Magnum" beginning 2014. They are equipped with Police Magnum-specific walnut hardwood or polymer stocks which are fitted with sling mounts. The walnut stocks omit the checkering that is present on the Express/Wingmaster variants. 870 Police Magnum models come with matching walnut or polymer pumps that are decreased in length to prevent interference with most vehicle-mounted rack systems. The shortened pump also allows quick visual inspection of the internal magazine regardless of what position the pump is in, whereas the optional lengthened sport-type pump on other models partially blocks the loading port when it is pulled to the rear position. Police Magnum models are available with 18" or 20" barrels, with or without iron rifle sights, and have a standard magazine tube capacity of four rounds. They can be ordered with a two or three round extended magazine tube from the factory, bringing total capacity to 7 (+1) shotshells (18" barrel) or 8 (+1) shotshells (20" barrel). All Police Magnum barrels come with an improved cylinder choke unless specially ordered to fit the user's needs.
  • Special Purpose Marine Magnum – Corrosion resistant nickel-plating covering all internal and external metal parts with black synthetic furniture.
  • Special Purpose Waterfowl - Matte, Parkerized finish on barrel and receiver, satin-finished American walnut stock and forearm with cut(not pressed)checkering, sling swivels, a camo sling were standard. It was a 3" gun. This model is sometimes confused with the Express, but it was more closely related to the Wingmaster line, with a commensurate price tag.
  • Sportsman 12 – Made between 1984 and 1986 as a cheaper alternative to the Wingmaster, prior to the release of the Express. Lesser quality wood, but otherwise identical.[18]
  • Super Mag – Chambered for 3½" 12 gauge shotshells and has a spring loaded dust cover on the bolt to allow for a larger opening while keeping the receiver the same length.
  • Tac-14 – Black oxide receiver finish, with a synthetic stock. The Tac-14 is extremely compact by design, but retains the reliability and stopping power of previous models. It is chambered in 12 gauge, with a 14" barrel and a capacity of 4+1. Owing to its unique design, the Tac-14 is not designated a shotgun, but a firearm. Since it comes from the factory without a stock, and its overall length being over 26", it is not considered an NFA AOW (National Firearms Act Any Other Weapon).[19] It is marketed and sold with a black synthetic Raptor "pistol grip" and Magpul M-LOK forend.
  • Tac-14 DM - Tac-14, featuring an external box magazine rather than the internal tube magazine in other models. This allows for the size of the Tac-14, but a capacity of 6+1.
  • Tac-14 Marine Magnum - Identical form and function as the standard Tac-14 but with the same nickel plating on all metal parts as the Special Purpose Marine Magnum.
  • Wilson Arms Executive Protection - Ultra short model. Sawed-off barrel, with pistol grip and vertical fore grip.
  • Wingmaster – Blued steel with high gloss or satin walnut stocks. They have been offered in Skeet, Trap, and field configurations. Originally the basic Wingmaster was chambered for 2 3/4" rounds and came with a fixed choke, and the 3" chambered versions were designated Magnum models. Models built after 1986 offer the RemChoke Interchangeable choke tube system, and the 12 and 20 gauge versions are chambered in 3" for either 2 3/4" or 3" shells. Prior to the introduction of the "Police Magnum" model 870, altered Wingmasters were popular among law enforcement.
  • 870 DM - Matte Blue receiver finish with a synthetic stock. Differs from other 870 models with an external box magazine, similarly to the Tac-14 DM, allowing a capacity of 6+1.
  • 200th Anniversary Edition – To celebrate the 200th Anniversary of Remington, two models were designed. One was a Wingmaster with some styling in the wood and a golden emblem on the bottom of the stock. The second was a limited edition Wingmaster that stopped production after 2016, with the same styling, but extended across the entirety of the stock and pump, and also extends to the receiver and barrel, with a golden ring on the end of the barrel. The emblem on the bottom is also a richer gold, possibly real gold, and there is a golden ribbon under the shell ejection reading "1816 Bicentennial 2016" along with a golden trigger, and a golden symbol of a hunter with a firearm in hand walking.

Chinese imitations

Chinese arms company Norinco has made unlicensed copies of the Remington 870, as the design is no longer under patent protection. The most common of these designs are the Norinco HP9-1 and M-98, the difference being that the HP9-1 has either a 12.5" or 14" barrel, whereas the M-98 has an 18.5" barrel.[20] In the United States, where most Norinco products are specifically non-importable,[21] this shotgun was imported and sold under the names Norinco Hawk 982 and Interstate Hawk 982.[22]

Users

A U.S. Coast Guard petty officer from Maritime Safety and Security Team 91106 armed with an Mk870P fitted with a Trijicon reflex sight and a Speedfeed stock
The Remington 870 12-gauge shotgun loaded with pyrotechnical shells (blanks) is seen here used as a last resort to scare off unwanted birds in flight from the vicinity of Incirlik Air Base
A U.S. Air Force United States Air Force Security Forces Marine Patrol airman from MacDill AFB with an M870
Country Organization name Quantity Date Reference
 Afghanistan _ _
 Argentina _ _ [23]
 Australia Australian Defence Force _ _ [11][24][25]
 Austria EKO Cobra _ _ [11][26]
Austrian armed forces
 Belgium Federal Police Special Units _ _ [26]
Belgian Armed Forces _ 2008 [27]
 Brazil First Special Forces Batallion (BFEsp) _ _ [28]
 Canada Canadian Armed Forces _ _ [11][29]
Royal Canadian Mounted Police (RCMP) _ _ [11][30]
Canadian Coast Guard (CCG) _ _ [31]
Ontario Ministry of Natural Resources (MNR)
Correctional Service Canada (CSC)
Garda World
Toronto Police Service (TPS)
Ontario Provincial Police (OPP) _ _ [11][30]
London Police Service (LPS) _ _ [32]
Royal Newfoundland Constabulary (RNC) _ _ [11]
 Chile _ _ [23]
 Ecuador _ _ [23]
 Finland Finnish Army

(designated pumppuhaulikko 12 HAUL REM 870)

_ _ [11][33]
 Germany Bundeswehr, GSG 9, and Spezialeinsatzkommandos _ _ [11][34]
 Greece EKAM counter-terrorist unit of the Hellenic Police _ _ [11][35]
Template:Country data British Hong Kong Royal Hong Kong Regiment _ _ [36]
 Hong Kong Hong Kong Police Force, Hong Kong Customs, Hong Kong Correctional Services, Bird Control Unit of Airport Authority Hong Kong, Agriculture, Fisheries and Conservation Department and cash security firms _ _ [11]
 Iraq _ _ [23]
 Iran Law Enforcement Force of the Islamic Republic of Iran _ _ [11]
 Ireland Army Ranger Wing, Special Detective Unit, Emergency Response Unit _ 2000 [11][37]
 Israel Israel Defense Forces and YAMAM _ _ [38]
 Luxembourg Unité Spéciale de la Police group of the Grand Ducal Police _ _ [11][39][40][41]
 Malaysia Royal Malaysia Police _ _ [11]
Malaysian Prison Department _ _
Malaysian Maritime Enforcement Agency _ _
Department of Immigration (Malaysia) _ _
RELA Corps _ _
Various special operations such as:
  • Grup Gerak Khas
  • JMF Elite Forces
  • Pasukan Khas Laut (PASKAL)
  • Pasukan Khas Udara (PASKAU)
  • Pasukan Gerakan Khas
  • Unit Gempur Marin
  • Grup Taktikal Khas
 _ _ [11][42][43]
 Mexico _ _ [23]
 Norway _ _ [23]
 Portugal Portuguese Marine Corps _ _ [44]
 Sierra Leone Sierra Leone Police 51+ After 2001 [45]
 Sweden Swedish Armed Forces (designated "Understödsvapen 870") _ _ [11][46]
  Switzerland Swiss Armed Forces (designated Mehrzweckgewehr 91; MzGw 91) _ _ [47]
 South Korea Republic of Korea Navy Special Warfare Brigade [11][48]
 Taiwan Taiwan Coast Guard, Taiwan Reserve Army (T85 Shotgun) _ _

[49]

 United Kingdom United Kingdom Special Forces (designated L74A1), Police Service of Northern Ireland and Specialist Firearms Officers as a breaching weapon _ _
 United States U.S. Border Patrol _ _ [11][50]
U.S. Department of Education 27 2010 [11][51]
U.S. Military (designated M870) _ _
U.S. Secret Service 1,600 2001 [11][52]
Internal Revenue Service 60 2010 [11][53]
Federal Bureau of Investigation (including SWAT and HRT) [11]
United States Marshals Service [11]
Various police forces such as:
  • California Highway Patrol (since 1965)[54]
  • Cambridge Police Department (Massachusetts)[55]
  • Los Angeles Police Department[56]
  • Sparta, New Jersey[57]
  • Alaska Department of Corrections[58]
  • Pennsylvania State Police[59]
 2 (Cambridge PD) _
 Vietnam Mobile Police Force (Canh Sat Co Dong) _ _ [60]

See also

  • Combat shotgun
  • Knight's Armament Company Masterkey
  • List of individual weapons of the U.S. Armed Forces

References

  1. ↑ Douglas, Richard. "Why Remington's Model 870 Shotgun: In Production for Seventy Years". https://nationalinterest.org/blog/buzz/why-remington’s-model-870-shotgun-production-seventy-years-174568. 
  2. ↑ 2.0 2.1 "Model 870 Wingmaster" (Firearm Model History). 2009. http://www.remington.com/library/history/firearm_models/shotguns/model_870_wingmaster.asp. 
  3. ↑ "Remington Model 870 Shotguns". Remington Arms Company, Inc.. http://www.remington.com/products/firearms/shotguns/model_870. 
  4. ↑ "Remington's Magnificent Five - Page Two". 2007-05-23. http://hunting.about.com/od/guns/l/aastremmag5b.htm. 
  5. ↑ "Remington 870". https://www.thespecialistsltd.com/remington-870. 
  6. ↑ Wallack, LR. "Sixty Million Guns". 1983. In Gun Digest Treasury, Harold A. Murtz, editor, DBI Books. 1994 p.193 ISBN:0873491564
  7. ↑ By (2020-07-27). "The Story of The Remington 870" (in en-US). https://www.fieldandstream.com/story/guns/history-of-the-remington-870/. 
  8. ↑ Farago, Robert (2015-09-17). "Remington Model 870 Shotgun, Past and Present" (in en-US). https://www.thetruthaboutguns.com/remington-model-870-shotgun-past-and-present/. 
  9. ↑ "Office of Law Enforcement - The Hunter's Responsibility". https://www.fws.gov/le/hunter-responsibility.html. 
  10. ↑ Michalowski, Kevin (2005). The Gun Digest Book of Sporting Shotguns. Gun Digest Books. p. 152. ISBN 978-0-89689-173-9. 
  11. ↑ 11.00 11.01 11.02 11.03 11.04 11.05 11.06 11.07 11.08 11.09 11.10 11.11 11.12 11.13 11.14 11.15 11.16 11.17 11.18 11.19 11.20 11.21 11.22 11.23 11.24 11.25 "Remington Model 870 (M870) Combat / Game Pump Action Shotgun (1950)". Military Factory. August 7, 2014. http://www.militaryfactory.com/smallarms/detail.asp?smallarms_id=38. 
  12. ↑ Campbell, Ray (2021-05-01). "Remington 870: Why The Best Shotgun Is Actually The Cheapest" (in en). https://www.topfirearmreviews.com/post/remington-870-affordable. 
  13. ↑ "10 Must Have Upgrades for Your Remington 870 Shotgun" (in en-US). 2012-10-17. https://www.rem870.com/2012/10/17/10-must-have-upgrades-for-your-remington-870-shotgun-2/. 
  14. ↑ Remington Firearms Catalogs. Remington Arms. 1986. 
  15. ↑ "Shotgun Remington Model 870 - Military Analizer" (in en-US). https://militaryanalizer.com/shotgun-remington-model-870/. 
  16. ↑ "StackPath". https://www.remarms.com/shotguns/pump-action/model-870/model-870-fieldmaster. 
  17. ↑ Canfield, Bruce N. "Combat Shotguns of the Vietnam War" American Rifleman March 2002 pp.44–47&92–95
  18. ↑ "Scored a sweet 1984 Remington Sportsman 12 Pump at my LGS - Calguns.net". https://www.calguns.net/calgunforum/showthread.php?t=1368752. 
  19. ↑ Hodoway, Jon (26 May 2017). "A Non-NFA 14" Remington 870? The New TAC-14 – Full Review!". Guns America. https://www.gunsamerica.com/digest/non-nfa-14-remington-870-new-tac-14-full-review/. 
  20. ↑ Cutshaw, Charles Q. (28 February 2011). Tactical Small Arms of the 21st Century: A Complete Guide to Small Arms From Around the World. Iola, Wisconsin: Gun Digest Books. p. 327. ISBN 978-1-4402-2709-7. https://books.google.com/books?id=55szjc6g520C&pg=PA327. Retrieved 24 September 2013. 
  21. ↑ Peterson, Phillip (2008). "Norinco". Gun Digest Buyer's Guide To Assault Weapons. Iola, Wisconsin: Gun Digest Books. p. 178. ISBN 978-1-4402-2672-4. https://books.google.com/books?id=fd9Qc0neMjYC&pg=PA178. Retrieved 24 September 2013. 
  22. ↑ Lee, Jerry (11 April 2012). The Official Gun Digest Book of Guns & Prices 2012. Iola, Wisconsin: Gun Digest Books. p. 747. ISBN 978-1-4402-2927-5. 
  23. ↑ 23.0 23.1 23.2 23.3 23.4 23.5 Cite error: Invalid <ref> tag; no text was provided for refs named bicc
  24. ↑ "870P Shotgun". Royal Australian Navy. 2010-09-09. http://www.navy.gov.au/870P_Shotgun. 
  25. ↑ "Weapons : Royal Australian Air Force". Airforce.gov.au. 2009-09-07. http://www.airforce.gov.au/adg/weapons.aspx. 
  26. ↑ 26.0 26.1 "BMI". http://www.bmi.gv.at/cms/BMI_EKO_Cobra/publikationen/files/LawOrder.pdf. 
  27. ↑ "Belgian Defence Remington 870 technical sheet". https://www.mil.be/nl/materiaal/riot-gun-bt-remington-870. 
  28. ↑ "wiw_sa_brazil - worldinventory". 2016-06-02. https://web.archive.org/web/20160602220038/https://sites.google.com/site/worldinventory/wiw_sa_brazil. 
  29. ↑ "Remington 870 Shotgun makes a comeback". http://www.forces.gc.ca/site/Commun/ml-fe/article-eng.asp?id=3148. 
  30. ↑ 30.0 30.1 "Report to the Attorney General – Public inquiry into the deaths of Connie and Ty Jacobs". Alberta Justice. 2000-05-18. http://justice.alberta.ca/programs_services/fatality/Publications_Sudden_death_investigation/ReportConnieandTyJacobs.aspx/DispForm.aspx?ID=72. 
  31. ↑ "Canada seeking to cooperate with Russia in the Arctic". https://phys.org/news/2016-10-canada-cooperate-russia-arctic.html. 
  32. ↑ Taylor, Scott (22 May 2017). "Police standoff at Tafalgar Street house ends". https://www.hamiltonnews.com/news-story/7328053-police-standoff-at-tafalgar-street-house-ends/. 
  33. ↑ "Pumppuhaulikko 12 HAUL REM 870". Mil.fi. http://www.puolustusvoimat.fi/portal/puolustusvoimat.fi/!ut/p/c5/vZFJj6pAFIV_iz9Aa2AoWCKUBZSAMqiwIahoOyC2zfzr25dO3ls9Vx3vyV2dnPsl54IEPHXLmtMxq07lLbuCDUjklGFZMW2IVI87U2h5c7gi8wXSsQDWYAPFNDj3d2u4DP55WAqBMeOh4bTOnEL3z255GxpsCOlX515OMKAQOrRA0FHRarakmlcfwkEbPW8lr2gMvvYh-vFlgXLqMhGxhS5CKzAiNYyIwCL5Zd7zyY8P_zMaBDFIyL88Q67yzIcLzPwZhFwE4S-28Zolv5ElvZFF3sfSf_dfNkhO22LS7ooJnCgqUmQVSYogiwqGGKzPcbcIW6ujzjrtb3osC9u2bMyi3QWaTRPDqiTG3KuNMTLupBFJUMS5PvexUKeqsq8EHgt9urcC14H7Q5nUGPPA2cUfJY8MXJgVc89jRdYrio1-bdRizz2pkn2h2rbR1Su7dZlcYIbJpfYfD7pSRPXx5XfZZ8HtA7lxzSaLT8Vf7ue9FfHVRxbtXEuHYj4lCUdtYgVY4tOdfxzGXOkqMb8e03bcnPVaqvUNd719nmfIaGg6kE7cqFsz1mWrXrrL0Qi4Zlnk4F40d-qbw-avcu0buC4WHw!!/dl3/d3/L2dBISEvZ0FBIS9nQSEh/?pcid=70d2af00491495289d69fd30a8ea04e8. 
  34. ↑ "TRANSIT-Informationsseite: www.denic.de". Rk-neckarzimmern.de. 2007-02-11. http://www.rk-neckarzimmern.de/Wissenswertes/Remington-870.htm. 
  35. ↑ "Greece Ministry of Public Order Press Office: Special Anti-Terrorist Unit". Official Website of the Hellenic Police. July 2004. http://www.astynomia.gr/images/stories/DOCS/Attachment11480_ENHMEROTIKO_EKAM_ENGL.pdf. 
  36. ↑ "RHKR Equipment - Weapons". The Royal Hong Kong Regiment (The Volunteers) Association. https://www.rhkr.org/equipment/weapon.htm. 
  37. ↑ "Ireland - The Irish Defence Forces Army Ranger Wing - Weapons". Special Operations.Com. 2000. http://www.specialoperations.com/Foreign/Ireland/Rangers/Weapons.htm. 
  38. ↑ "Shotguns". http://www.isayeret.com/content/weapons/shotguns/overview.shtml. 
  39. ↑ "Unofficial Pistols Page, Equipment". Unofficial Website of Unité Spéciale, Officially Endorsed. http://www.usp.lu/armement-pistolets-fr.php. 
  40. ↑ "L'Unite d'Intervention de la Police Luxembourgeoise" (in fr). RAIDS Magazine. March 2006. http://www.usp.lu/media/raids.pdf. 
  41. ↑ Lasterra, Juan Pablo (2004). "UPS Unidad Especial de la Policia Luxembourguesa" (in es). ARMAS Magazine. http://www.usp.lu/media/armas.pdf. 
  42. ↑ Dan, Alex (9 February 2016). "PASKAL Malaysian Special Forces Weapons". Military Factory (Small Arms). http://www.militaryfactory.com/smallarms/paskal-special-forces-weapons.asp. Retrieved 10 February 2016. 
  43. ↑ Thompson, Leroy (December 3, 2008). "Malaysian Special Forces". Special Weapons. http://www.tactical-life.com/online/special-weapons/malaysian-special-forces. 
  44. ↑ Ferreira, Bryan (8 October 2020). "Portuguese Military – Special Operations and Elite Units". https://special-ops.org/portuguese-military-special-operations/. 
  45. ↑ "World Infantry Weapons: Sierra Leone". 2013. https://sites.google.com/site/worldinventory/wiw_af_sierraleone. [self-published source]
  46. ↑ Högkvarteret Informationsstaben (February 2011). "Försvarsmakten". Högkvarteret Informationsstaben. http://www.forsvarsmakten.se/sv/Materiel-och-teknik/Vapen/Forstarkningsvapen-870870-B/. 
  47. ↑ "El equipo de los tiradores de precisión de las fuerzas armadas suizas | Armas – Revista Armas | Reportajes de armas cortas, rifles, armamento policial/militar, armas blancas, competiciones". Revista Armas. http://www.revistaarmas.com/476/tiradores-de-precision-suizos.html. 
  48. ↑ "아덴만 여명작전! 부산에서 재현되다!" (in ko). https://blue-paper.tistory.com/901. 
  49. ↑ Tiezzi, Shannon (August 15, 2015). "Taiwan's Coast Guard Conducts Armed Raid to Reclaim 'Hostages' Taken by Chinese Fishermen". The Diplomat (Asia-Pacific). https://thediplomat.com/2015/08/taiwans-coast-guard-conducts-armed-raid-to-reclaim-hostages-taken-by-chinese-fishermen/. 
  50. ↑ "Guns of the United States Border Patrol". Human Events. http://www.humanevents.com/article.php?id=35905. 
  51. ↑ "Remington Shotguns – Federal Business Opportunities: Opportunities". https://www.fbo.gov/index?s=opportunity&mode=form&id=cb68cf9f3fa2fe18a83d1c3dee0039b2&tab=core&_cview=0. 
  52. ↑ Jones, Richard D. Jane's Infantry Weapons 2009/2010. Jane's Information Group; 35 edition (January 27, 2009). ISBN:978-0-7106-2869-5.
  53. ↑ "TIRWR-10-Q-00023". Federal Business Opportunities. February 2, 2010. https://www.fbo.gov/index?s=opportunity&mode=form&id=8d3b076bd4de14bbda5aba699e80621d&tab=core&_cview=1&cck=1&au=&ck=. 
  54. ↑ "Perspectives". http://www.chp.ca.gov/features/pdf/perspectives.pdf. 
  55. ↑ C, Luke (26 February 2021). "Cambridge Police Commissioner makes Plans to Reduce Gun Inventory". https://www.thefirearmblog.com/blog/2021/02/26/cambridge-reduce-weapon-inventory/. 
  56. ↑ "LAPD Equipment - Los Angeles Police Department". http://www.lapdonline.org/lapd_equipment. 
  57. ↑ "On the Range". The Sparta Independent. June 2, 2010. http://strausnews.com/articles/2010/06/03/sparta_independent/news/5.txt. 
  58. ↑ Diez, Octavio (2000). Armament and Technology. Lema Publications, S.L. ISBN:84-8463-013-7.
  59. ↑ NRA Staff. "Pennsylvania State Police Select Remington 870". American Rifleman. http://www.americanrifleman.org/articles/pennsylvania-police-remington-870/. 
  60. ↑ "Bất ngờ kho súng của Cảnh sát Cơ động Việt Nam (3)". https://nguyentandung.org/bat-ngo-kho-sung-cua-canh-sat-co-dong-viet-nam-3.html. 

External links




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