Engineering:Roland Jupiter-8

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Short description: Synthesizer made by Roland in the 1980s
Jupiter-8
Roland Jupiter-8 Synth, 1983 (white bg).jpg
ManufacturerRoland Corporation
Dates1981–1985
Price¥980,000 JPY
$5295 United States dollar
£3995 GBP
Technical specifications
Polyphony8 voices
Timbrality2
Oscillator2 VCOs per voice
LFO1 triangle/square/sawtooth/random
Synthesis typeanalog subtractive
Filter12 or 24 dB/octave[1] resonant lowpass,
non-resonant highpass
1 ADSR envelope for VCF
Attenuator1 ADSR envelope for VCA
Aftertouch expressionNo
Velocity expressionNo
Storage memory64 patches
EffectsNone
Input/output
Keyboard61 keys
External controlDCB (on later models)

The Jupiter-8, or JP-8, is an eight-voice polyphonic analog subtractive synthesizer introduced by Roland Corporation in early 1981.

The Jupiter-8 was Roland's flagship synthesizer for the first half of the 1980s. Approximately 3,300 units have been produced.[2] Although it lacked the soon-to-be standard of MIDI control, later production series of the Jupiter-8 did include Roland's proprietary DCB interface. The instrument had many advanced features for its time, including the ability to split the keyboard into two zones, with separate patches active on each zone. Two years after the release of the Jupiter-8, Roland released the more affordable Jupiter-6 synthesizer with built-in MIDI control but an otherwise slightly reduced set of features.

In 2011, three decades after the release of the original Jupiter series, Roland released the fully digital Jupiter-80 and Jupiter-50 synthesizers as successors to the 1980s originals. They were in turn succeeded by the Jupiter-X and Jupiter-Xm in 2019.[3] A Jupiter-8 plug-out was included already installed on the Roland System-8 synthesizer, in 2017.[4][5]

Features and architecture

The Jupiter-8 is an 8-voice polyphonic analog synthesizer. Each voice features two discrete VCOs with cross-modulation and sync, pulse-width modulation, a non-resonant high-pass filter, a resonant Low-pass filter with 2-pole (12 dB/octave) and 4-pole (24 dB/octave) settings, an LFO with variable waveforms and routings, and two envelope generators (one invertible).

Features include adjustable polyphonic portamento and a hold function for infinite sustain of notes and arpeggios. A versatile arpeggiator can be synchronized with external equipment by using the proprietary Roland DCB interface, clock input via CV jacks on the rear panel. An assignable bender can be used to control pitch or filter frequency.

The Jupiter-8 includes balanced stereo XLR outputs as well as unbalanced 1/4" outputs. In addition to monophonic and polyphonic modes, the Jupiter-8 includes a unique polyphonic unison mode, in which all 16 oscillators can be stacked onto one note, but divide down if more keys are pressed. No other polyphonic synthesizer at the time had this feature.

A Zilog Z80 CPU was used for managing storage of patches, scanning the keyboard and front-panel controls for changes, displaying the current patch number and other information on the display and taking care of the auto-tune function, among other operations.[6] The VCF was based on the custom Roland IR3109 IC (also used in the filter circuits of the Jupiter-6, later Jupiter-4 and Promars units, MKS-80 rev 4, Juno-6/Juno-60/Juno-106, SH-101, MC-202, JX-3P and packaged in the 80017a chip used in the Juno-106 and MKS-30, among others). The VCA was the BA662, used also in Juno-6/60/106, JX-3P and TB-303. The envelopes were generated in hardware by the Roland IR3R01 chip (also in the Juno 6/60), and are much faster (1ms attack) than the software-generated envelopes used in the later Jupiter-6, Juno-106 and MKS-80 "Super Jupiter".

Reliability

There are claims that early models had unstable tuning, mainly due to DAC board resolution. Beginning with serial number 171700, the 12-bit DAC was upgraded to a 14-bit DAC. This increased the resolution of the CV voltages that control the analog circuitry. The soldered-in battery typically lasts ten years or more, ranking these boards among the lowest-maintenance of their generation.

In the present day

The wide range of sounds that the Jupiter-8 can produce, the efficient front panel layout (each synthesizer sound parameter adjustment had its own dedicated controller), and its sturdy construction, make the Jupiter-8 a venerable and desirable instrument even 35 years after it was first produced. Units in good condition still fetch significantly more at auction than most new synthesizers, suggesting that the Jupiter-8 will continue to be heard for years to come. While the characteristic sound of the Jupiter-8 can be heard on many songs from the early 1980s onward, it is still being recorded to this day. For example, Alicia Keys can be seen playing one in the video for her number one hit "No One" from September 2007.

Jupiter changes and successors

The Roland JP-08 copies the Jupiter-8 voice architecture

Throughout the production of the JP-8 there were several changes. Starting at serial #171700 the D/A converter on the Interface board was changed from 12-bit to 14-bit. This change was made mainly to improve tuning stability. The problem with the 12-bit digital-to-analog converter on the original JP-8 is that it could cause the autotune to be inaccurate in some instances. Some say to avoid these early JP-8's while others say they haven't experienced tuning problems. Starting at serial #242750 the LEDs of the display were changed to brighter ones. Starting at serial #282880 the JP-8 came standard with a DCB port. These newer JP-8's may be referred to as JP-8A's. DCB, or Digital Control Bus, was Roland's pre-MIDI interface that allowed the JP-8 to talk to other DCB enabled hardware, such as the Roland MC-4 and MC-8 microcomposers. Previous JP-8's had the option of having the OC-8 retrofit installed to give it DCB capability.

The Jupiter-6 was released 2 years after the JP-8 and was an attempt at more affordable version of Roland's flagship. It features a similar voice architecture and appearance. It stored fewer patches, and had six voices. In order to make it cheaper to manufacture, a move towards integrated circuits (Curtis) was made, to replace discrete circuits used in JP-8's oscillators and amplifiers. The JP-6 is built using CEM3340 chip for its oscillators, and CEM3360 for its voltage controlled amplifiers. These changes imparted a change in sonic character, meaning that the JP-6 is not simply a less-expensive version of the JP-8, but an instrument with its own distinct sound. Additionally, the Jupiter-6 features a true multimode resonant filter, built-in MIDI, unison detune function and the ability to activate multiple waveforms on a single oscillator.

The Roland MKS-80 Super Jupiter is a MIDI-controlled, rack-mountable sound module with a similar voice architecture to the Jupiter-8. However, its first released incarnation in 1984 (revision 3 and 4) used hardware similar to its predecessor, the Jupiter-6 (which had a combination of Curtis VCO and VCA chips combined with Roland's own proprietary filters). In 1985, Roland released another revision of the MKS-80, known as Rev 5, which used different VCO, VCA and filter circuits. As a result, the MKS-80 Rev 5 can sound a bit different from its predecessors. The Rev 5 filter was also used in the JX-8P, JX-10 and MKS-70 synthesizers.

At the 2007 NAMM show, French music software manufacturer Arturia announced, and subsequently released a software Jupiter-8 called Jupiter-8V. A 2007 review in Sound on Sound stated, "8V sounds much like Jupiter 8, but does a zillion things that the original could not."[7] The Jupiter-8V is available in VST, AU, RTAS and AAX plugin formats.

The Roland VariOS provides a mildly successful digital approximation of the Jupiter-8 using its "Varios-8" software.

In 2011, Roland released the JUPITER-80 and JUPITER-50, which inherit much of the visual style of the Jupiter-8 and include Roland's SuperNATURAL, an extensive synthesis engine that includes virtual analog synthesis akin to a digital recreation of earlier Roland analog synths, as well as PCM-based recreations of purely digital synths by the company and acoustic modelling of real instruments. Emulations of the original Jupiter-8 sounds were later released as a software instrument for both keyboards on Roland Axial as part of the Synth Legends series.[8]

On October 1, 2015, Roland released the Boutique line of compact synthesizers, which includes the JP-08 unit which has the same parameters and sound design as the Roland Jupiter-8. It uses Roland's ACB technology (Analog Circuit Behavior), which emulates the behavior of each single component of the original Jupiter-8 circuit.[9][10] However, the JP-08 has only half the polyphony of the Jupiter-8, with 4 voices. An evolution of the JP-08, closer to the original Jupiter-8 with 8 voices, was released in 2017 as plug-out synthesizer bundled as standard with the SYSTEM-8.[11]

In 2019, Roland released the Jupiter-X and Jupiter-Xm.[3]

In 2021, Black Corporation announced their ISE-NIN synthesizer, which is based on and inspired by the Jupiter-8.[12][13]

Notable users

Notable users of the Roland Jupiter-8.

In alphabetical order (by given name or group name):
  • ABBA[14]
  • Damon Albarn[14]
  • BT[15]
  • Jonathan Cain of Journey, most notably on the song "Separate Ways"[lower-alpha 1]
  • Vince Clarke[lower-alpha 2]
  • Duran Duran - "Hungry Like the Wolf",[lower-alpha 3] "Save A Prayer"[lower-alpha 4]
  • Marvin Gaye - the Jupiter 8 and the TR-808 were the primary tools on his 1982 album, Midnight Love.[17]
  • Michael Jackson - Thriller[lower-alpha 6]
  • Nero[18]
  • Howard Jones[19]
  • Giorgio Moroder[20]
  • Orchestral Manoeuvres in the Dark (OMD) - Junk Culture[21]
  • Pet Shop Boys - Behaviour[22]
  • Queen - albums Hot Space, The Works, and A Kind of Magic
  • Andy Richards – song Relax by Frankie Goes to Hollywood[23]
  • Charanjit Singh - Synthesizing: Ten Ragas to a Disco Beat

[lower-alpha 7]


Notes

  1. ↑ "Jonathan Cain on Instagram: "The Separate Ways synth lives from 1983! Roland Jupiter 8 #TBT #synth #legacy #journey"". https://www.instagram.com/p/BRbA_x5FHLI/. 
  2. ↑ Stephen Fortner (8 August 2023). "Vince Clarke and Martin Gore Supplement May 2012". Keyboard (28 Mar 2012). http://www.keyboardmag.com/article/vince-clarke-and-martin-gore-supplement-may-2012/148123. "As promised in the cover story to our May 2012 issue, here's a slide show of all the enviable synths in Vince Clarke's Cabin Studio, followed by a complete gear list. ... ROLAND JUPITER-8 ...". 
  3. ↑ Mitchell Sigman (8 August 2023). "Duran Duran39s 39Hungry Like The Wolf39". Keyboard (1 May 2010). http://www.keyboardmag.com/article/duran-durans-hungry-like-the-wolf/2062. "... Let’s make the signature arpeggio of “Hungry Like The Wolf,” originally played on a Roland Jupiter-8 and recreated here using Arturia’s Jupiter-8V soft synth. ...". 
  4. ↑ "Roland Boutique JP-08 Sonic Lab Review". https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=5IW45FSMaR4. 
  5. ↑ Jon Regen (8 August 2023). "Duran Duran". Keyboard (24 Aug 2011). http://www.keyboardmag.com/article/duran-duran/5584. "Was that the original Jupiter-8 unit from Duran Duran’s heyday? / ... But another thing I love about them is that each one sounds slightly different. On some of the new album I actually use the Jupiter-8 I recorded “Rio” on, and on other tracks I use the one I didn’t use until The Wedding Album.". 
  6. ↑ "Michael Jackson Keyboard Sounds of His Signature Songs Then and Now". Keyboard (1 Sep 2009). 8 August 2023. http://www.keyboardmag.com/article/michael-jackson-keyboard-sounds-of-his-signature-songs-then-and-now/1668. "The big synth blasts that begin “Thriller.” A Roland Jupiter-8 in double four-voice mode, with the modulation “wheel” opening the filter. ...". 
  7. ↑ Pattison, Louis (10 April 2010). "Charanjit Singh, acid house pioneer". The Guardian. https://www.theguardian.com/music/2010/apr/10/charanjit-singh-acid-house. "In 1982, ... he went into the studio with some new kit — a Roland Jupiter-8 keyboard, a Roland TR-808 drum machine and a Roland TB-303 — and decided to make a record that combined western dance music with the droning ragas of Indian classical music. Recorded in two days, Ten Ragas To A Disco Beat garnered some interest, ..." 
  8. ↑ "Tangerine Dream: Changing Use Of Technology, Part 2: 1977-1994". Sound on Sound (January 1995). http://www.soundonsound.com/sos/1995_articles/jan95/tangerinedream2.html. "During the late 1970s, Chris Franke made important connections with Oberheim and Sequential Circuits, the American distributors of Roland. He also went to Japan and helped design the Jupiter 8.". 
  9. ↑ Tangerine Dream. Poland (inner sleeve of record two). Tangerine Dream. Jive Electro. 1984. HIP 22. On this record the following stage equipment was used: Christoph Franke: [Prophet 5, Prophet 600, Prophet 1, E-mu Emulator, E-mu Custom Programmable Synth, Moog Custom Programmable Synth, MTI Synthergy, PE Polyrhythmic Sequencer, Compulab Digital Sequencer, Syntec Custom Digital Drum Computer, Simmons, Drum Modules, Quantec Room Simulator, Roland SDE 3000, Hill Multi-Mixer], Edgar Froese: [Yamaha DX7, Yamaha YP30, Jupiter 8, Jupiter 6, Prophet 5, PPG Wave 2.2, PE Polyrhythmic Sequencer, EEH CM 4 Digital Sequencer, DMX Oberheim Digital Drums, PE Custom Trigger Selector, Publison DHM 89 B2, Publison KB 2000, Korg SDD 3000 Delay, Roland SDE MIDI/DCB Interfaces, Quantec Room Simulator, Canproduct Mixer]. Johannes Schmoelling: [Jupiter 8, PPG Wave 2.3 Waveterm, EEH CM 4 Digital Sequencer, Bohm Digital Drums, Roland TR 808 Drums, Mini Moog, Korg MonoPoly, Roland SDE 3000 Delay, Canproduct Mixer, MXR 01 Digital Reverb, MXR Digital Delay, Boss Overdrive/Flanger].CS1 maint: others (link)
  10. ↑ "Roland's Jupiter family yielded one or two shining examples of what an analogue polysynth should be. GORDON REID planet rocks... [THE TWILIGHT OF THE GODS"]. Sound On Sound. February 1998. http://www.soundonsound.com/sos/feb98/articles/rolandjupiter.html. "The popularity of the JP8 ... it still numbered users such as Mark Kelly (Marillion), Patrick Moraz (with the Moody Blues), Roland Orzabal (Tears for Fears), Peter Vetesse (Jethro Tull), John Beck (It Bites) and Steve Gray (Sky) among a long list of aficionados and endorsees.". 

References

  1. ↑ "Roland's Jupiter family yielded one or two shining examples of what an analogue polysynth should be. GORDON REID planet rocks... [THE JUPITER 8"]. Sound On Sound. February 1998. http://www.soundonsound.com/sos/feb98/articles/rolandjupiter.html. 
  2. ↑ "Roland Jupiter-8 – the grand master of synth-pop". 25 December 2017. https://greatsynthesizers.com/en/review/roland-jupiter-8-the-great-master-of-synth-pop/#:~:text=3300%20Jupiter%2D8%20were%20made,continued%20until%20end%20of%201984.. 
  3. ↑ 3.0 3.1 "Roland revisits its classic synths in new Jupiter-X range". September 5, 2019. https://www.factmag.com/2019/09/05/roland-jupiter-x-jupiter-xm-synths-announced/. 
  4. ↑ "Roland System-8 Reviewed - A Wolf in Jupiter's Clothing?". February 16, 2017. https://www.musictech.net/reviews/roland-system-8-review/. 
  5. ↑ "Roland System 8". https://www.soundonsound.com/reviews/roland-system-8. 
  6. ↑ "The Roland Jupiter 8 Analog Synthesizer". Synthtopia. 2009. http://www.synthtopia.com/content/2009/03/06/roland-jupiter-8/. "A Z80 CPU was used for managing storage of patches, scanning the keyboard, display, and buttons, port handling, and taking care of the auto-tune function among other things." 
  7. ↑ Gordon Reid (July 2007). "Arturia Jupiter 8V". Sound On Sound. http://www.soundonsound.com/sos/jul07/articles/arturiajupiter8v.htm. 
  8. ↑ "JUPITER Synth Legends | JUPITER-80 | Axial". http://axial.roland.com/articles/jupiter-80-synth-legends/. 
  9. ↑ "Introducing the Roland Boutique Series - Roland U.S. Blog". October 2015. http://www.rolandus.com/blog/2015/10/01/introducing-the-roland-boutique-series/. 
  10. ↑ "Roland officially unveils Boutique range". http://www.mixmag.net/read/roland-officially-unveils-boutique-range-news. 
  11. ↑ "Jupiter-8". https://www.rolandcloud.com/catalog/legendary/jupiter-8. 
  12. ↑ Rogerson, Ben (2022-02-10). "Black Corporation's Jupiter-8-esque ISE-NIN synth is almost ready for prime time" (in en). https://www.musicradar.com/news/black-corporation-ise-nin-jupiter-8-synth. 
  13. ↑ Willings, Sam (2021-06-01). "Black Corporation reimagines the Jupiter-8 as the ISE-NIN desktop polysynth" (in en-GB). https://musictech.com/news/black-corporation-reimagines-the-jupiter-8-as-the-ise-nin-desktop-polysynth/. 
  14. ↑ 14.0 14.1 RETRO: JUPITER-8, Roland Corporation
  15. ↑ "Brian Transeau: Emotional Experience". Sound On Sound. December 2001. http://www.soundonsound.com/sos/dec01/articles/briantranseau.asp. 
  16. ↑ 2 Q's About Keys, Duran Duran
  17. ↑ 808 (documentary film)
  18. ↑ "Nero - Artists" (in en). Insomniac. https://www.insomniac.com/music/artists/nero/. 
  19. ↑ HowardJones.com 'About' page
  20. ↑ Giorgio Moroder Gear Guide, Dolphin Music
  21. ↑ Junk Culture album sleeve / booklet credits
  22. ↑ Myers, Mark (27 February 2018). "'Being Boring': the Path to a Pop Elegy". https://www.wsj.com/articles/being-boring-the-path-to-a-pop-elegy-1519741800. 
  23. ↑ Producer Steven Lipson talking to Warren Huart about Andy Richards using the Jupiter-8 synthesizer for the song Relax, beginning minute 10:00. "Songs That Changed Music: RELAX - Frankie Goes To Hollywood with Stephen Lipson". 20 November 2022. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=pQIlQhhAUs4&t=600. 
  24. ↑ "Ron Mael's Main Live Keyboards and Album Credits". http://sparksfanblogjp.blog.fc2.com/blog-entry-257.html. Retrieved 2022-01-05. 
  25. ↑ "RMI ELECTRA-PIANO - The 368X electric piano keyboard model from Rocky Mount Instruments". http://graphikdesigns.free.fr/rmi-electra-piano.html. Retrieved 2023-02-27. 
  26. ↑ Peter Manning (2013). Electronic and Computer Music. Oxford University Press. p. 264. ISBN 9780199912599. https://books.google.com/books?id=ryet1i-8OlYC&pg=PA264. 

Further reading

External links



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