Engineering:Ryan YO-51 Dragonfly

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YO-51 Dragonfly
YO-51 Dragonfly takeoff.jpg
Role Army observation and liaison
Manufacturer Ryan Aeronautical
First flight 1940
Primary user United States Army Air Corps
Number built 3

The Ryan YO-51 Dragonfly was an observation aircraft designed and built by Ryan Aeronautical for the United States Army Air Corps (USAAC). A single-engined parasol wing monoplane, it was designed for optimum STOL capability, but although three prototypes proved highly successful in testing, the Stinson YO-49 was judged superior and no production contract was placed.

Design

The design of the YO-51 Dragonfly was typical for aircraft of its type, being optimised for the observation and liaison role, with emphasis on the ability to operate out of the smallest possible airfields.[1] The Dragonfly was a high-wing braced parasol monoplane with fixed tailwheel landing gear, a two-seat open cockpit, and full-span slots and Fowler flaps for STOL capability.[2] It was powered by a single Pratt & Whitney R-985-21 Wasp Junior radial engine.[3]

At gross weight, the YO-51 could, without flaps, take off after a run of 400 feet, while with full flaps the takeoff run would be only 75 feet, or just four feet more than twice its own length.[4] The Dragonfly was capable of maintaining level flight at speeds as low as 30 miles per hour (48 km/h),[5] and was claimed as being capable of landing in a distance shorter than the length of the aircraft itself.[6]

Operational history

Nicknamed the "flying motorcycle",[7] three YO-51 aircraft were acquired by the United States Army Air Corps to take part in a fly-off evaluation against the Stinson YO-49 and Bellanca YO-50 to supply a new observation and liaison aircraft for use by the USAAC.[8] The YO-51 was the heaviest of the three aircraft evaluated.[9]

Although the Dragonfly was considered satisfactory during its flight testing,[10] conducted at Wright Field in Ohio,[11] the Stinson machine won the production contract, and no further YO-51s were built.[12]

Specifications

YO-51 on the ground

Data from Donald 1997[3]

General characteristics

  • Crew: two (pilot and observer)
  • Length: 35 ft 6 in (10.82 m)
  • Wingspan: 52 ft (16 m)
  • Height: 11 ft 1 in (3.38 m)
  • Gross weight: 4,206 lb (1,908 kg)
  • Powerplant: 1 × Pratt & Whitney R-985-21 Wasp Junior radial, 440 hp (330 kW)

Performance

  • Maximum speed: 129 mph (208 km/h, 112 kn)
  • Cruise speed: 107 mph (172 km/h, 93 kn)
  • Stall speed: 30 mph (48 km/h, 26 kn)

Armament

  • None

See also

Aircraft of comparable role, configuration and era

Related lists

  • List of military aircraft of the United States

References

Notes
  1. ↑ Penfield 1941, p.31.
  2. ↑ Foottit, H. R. (February 1942). "The Fowler Flap". Flying and Popular Aviation (Chicago: Ziff-Davis Publishing Co.) 30 (2): 71. 
  3. ↑ 3.0 3.1 Donald 1997, p.794.
  4. ↑ Fowler 1948, p.79.
  5. ↑ Rowe 2006, p.22.
  6. ↑ Wilson, Gill Robb (July 1954). "Genealogy of American Aircraft". Flying (Chicago: Ziff-Davis Publishing Co.) 55 (1): 23. 
  7. ↑ "U. S. Army's "Flying Motorcycle"". The Boston Globe (Boston, MA): p. C1. May 25, 1941. 
  8. ↑ Pattillo 2001, p.137.
  9. ↑ Adcock 2005, p.5.
  10. ↑ "The Dragonfly---Army's Newest Observation Plane". The Milwaukee Sentinel (Milwaukee, WI): p. 2. February 23, 1940. 
  11. ↑ "Army Tests New B-17C". The New York Times (New York). November 17, 1940. https://www.nytimes.com/1940/11/17/archives/army-tests-new-b17c.html. Retrieved 2012-08-11. 
  12. ↑ Merriam 2002, p.26.
Bibliography
  • Adcock, Al (2005). US Liaison Aircraft in action. Aircraft in Action. 195. Carrollton, TX: Squadron/Signal Publications. ISBN 978-0897474870. 
  • Donald, David (1997). Complete Encyclopedia of World Aircraft. London: Orbis Publishing Ltd. ISBN 0760705925. 
  • Fowler, Harlan Davey (1948). Fowler Flaps for Airplanes: An engineering handbook. Los Angeles: Wetzel Publishing Co.. 
  • Merriam, Ray, ed (2002). World War II Journal #15: U.S. Military Aircraft of World War II. Bennington, VT: Merriam Press. ISBN 1576381676. 
  • Pattillo, Donald M. (2001). Pushing the Envelope: The American Aircraft Industry. Ann Arbor, MI: University of Michigan Press. ISBN 978-0472086719. 
  • Penfield, Thomas (1941). Wings for America: Fighting Planes of the U. S. A.. Chicago: Rand McNally & Co.. 
  • Rowe, Frank Joseph (2006). The Helio Courier Ultra C/stol Aircraft: An Illustrated Developmental History. Jefferson, NC: McFarland & Company. ISBN 978-0786422890. 

External links



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