Engineering:Fieseler Fi 156 Storch

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Short description: German liaison aircraft
Fi 156 Storch
Fieseler Storch 3 (cropped).jpg
Storch in flight at Flying Legends (July 2012)
Role Reconnaissance & communications
National origin Nazi Germany
Manufacturer Fieseler
Morane-Saulnier
First flight 24 May 1936
Introduction 1937
Retired Germany: 1945
France: 1970
Primary users Luftwaffe
French Army
French Air Force
Produced 1937–1949
(-1965 as the MS 500)
Number built Over 2,900[1]

The Fieseler Fi 156 Storch ([ʃtɔrç], "stork") was a German liaison aircraft that was built by Fieseler before and during World War II. Production continued in other countries into the 1950s for the private market. It was notable for its excellent short field (STOL) performance and low stalling speed of 50 km/h (31 mph).[2] French-built later variants often appear at air shows.

Design and development

Conception and production

In 1935, the RLM (Reichsluftfahrtministerium, Reich Aviation Ministry) invited several aviation companies to submit design proposals that would compete for the production contract for a new Luftwaffe aircraft design suitable for liaison, army co-operation (today called forward air control), and medical evacuation. This resulted in the Messerschmitt Bf 163 and Siebel Si 201 competing against the Fieseler firm's entry. Conceived by chief designer Reinhold Mewes and technical director Erich Bachem, Fieseler's design had a far better short take off and landing ("STOL") performance. A fixed slat ran along the entire length of the leading edge of the long wings, while a hinged and slotted set of control surfaces ran along the entire length of trailing edge. This was inspired by earlier 1930s Junkers Doppelflügel, "double-wing" aircraft wing control surface design concepts. For the Fi 156, this setup along each wing panel's trailing edge was split nearly 50/50 between the inboard-located flaps and outboard-located ailerons, which, in turn, included trim tab devices over half of each aileron's trailing edge length.

Fi 156 in flight

A design feature rare for land-based aircraft enabled the wings on the Storch to be folded back along the fuselage in a manner similar to the wings of the Royal Navy's Fairey Swordfish torpedo bomber. This allowed the aircraft to be carried on a trailer or even towed slowly behind a vehicle. The primary hinge for the folding wing was located in the wing root, where the rear wing spar met the cabin. The long legs of the main landing gear contained oil-and-spring shock absorbers that had a travel of 40 cm (15-3/4 inches), allowing the aircraft to land on comparatively rough and uneven surfaces; this was combined with a "pre-travel" distance of 20 cm, before the oleos began damping the landing gear shock.[3] In flight, the main landing gear legs hung down, giving the aircraft the appearance of a long-legged, big-winged bird, hence its nickname, Storch. With its very low landing speed, the Storch often appeared to land vertically, or even backwards in strong winds from directly ahead.

Starting with the C-2 variant, the Fi 156 was fitted with a raised, fully-glazed position for a flexible rear-firing MG 15 7.92mm machine gun for self-defense.[4]

German production

About 2,900 Fi 156s, mostly C variants, were produced from 1937 to 1945. Main production was at the Fieseler Factory in Kassel, in 1942 production started in the Morane-Saulnier factory at Puteaux in France . Due to the demand for Fieseler as a subcontractor for building the Fw 190, Fi 156 production was shifted to Leichtbau Budweis in Budweis by the end of 1943. Factories in other countries under German control manufactured aircraft, including Fi 156s, for Germany.

Soviet production

In 1939, after the signing of the Molotov–Ribbentrop Pact, Germany provided several aircraft, including the Fi 156C, to the Soviet Union. Oleg Antonov was made responsible for putting the aircraft into production to meet Soviet requirements, and given a choice between designing an equivalent aircraft or merely copying the German design, the latter was selected. The aircraft was titled OKA-38 and two versions were envisaged: the SS three seat liaison aircraft, and the N-2 air ambulance capable of carrying two stretchers plus a medic. A prototype was constructed in Factory No. 365, established on the basis of Lithuanian Military Aviation Works, in Kaunas, recently occupied Lithuania. The first prototype however was built in Factory No. 23 in Leningrad and flew before the end of 1940. The production in Kaunas has just started as the factory was lost to the German advance in 1941. While Antonov's efforts had produced a heavier aircraft, which required as much as three times the field for landing and take off as the German Fi 156C (160 m vs 55 m), it also had much greater range and increased load capability.[5] After the war Antonov went on to design the legendary An-2 STOL biplane, which also had excellent STOL performance.

Production in Czechoslovakia

In 1944 production was moved from the Leichtbau Budweis to the Mráz factory in Choceň which produced 138 examples of the Fi 156, locally designated as "K-65 Čáp". Production ended in 1949.

Production in France

Morane-Saulnier MS.505 Criquet

During World War II, Morane-Saulnier was operated under German control and built a number of German types including the Fieseler Storch. Immediately after the liberation of France in 1944, the production of Fi 156 at the Morane-Saulnier factory was continued at the request of the French Air Force , designated MS 500 Criquet for the batch of aircraft produced with the remaining stock of Argus air-cooled inverted V8 engines. Aircraft with further modifications and different engines (inline and radial) are known under different type numbers. The use of the aircraft in Indochina highlighted the weakness of wood for the construction of the airframe; it was then decided to build the wings of metal. Among the modifications, the defensive weapon aiming through the back window was dropped, although some aircraft were modified in the field to take a MAC 34T machine gun firing through one of the side windows. Some 141 aircraft were built before the end of World War II, and a total of 925 aircraft were built before the end of the production of all types of Criquet by Morane-Saulnier in 1965.

Production in Romania

Licence production was started in Romania in October 1943 at the ICAR factory in Bucharest. Only 10 were built by the time the ICAR factory was bombed in May 1944. Production resumed later in 1944, but only six were completed before repair work halted production. From June 1945 until 1946, a further 64 aircraft were built.[6]

Summary of production

Production per factory and per type until 31 March 1945:

Type Fieseler Morane-Saulnier Mraz Leichtbau Total
A-0 10       10
B-0 14       14
B-1 36       36
C-1 286       286
C-2 239       239
C-3 1,230 525     1,755
C-7   259 32 63 354
D-1 117       117
D-2     46 10 56
Total 1,908 784 78 73 2,867

Modern development

Slepcev Storch

Because of its superb STOL characteristics, there have been many attempts to recreate or copy the Storch, mainly in the form of various three-quarter scale homebuilt aircraft, such as the Pazmany PL-9 Stork, Roger Mann's RagWing RW19 Stork, and Preceptors STOL King.

As an example, the Slepcev Storch is a three-quarter scale reproduction of the original with some simplifications. The use of modern materials provides better STOL performance than the original with a take-off run of 30 m and landing-roll of 50 m with no headwind. It was originally designed and manufactured in Australia[7] and is now manufactured in Serbia.[8]

Operational history

During World War II

The Storch involved in Mussolini's rescue in the Gran Sasso raid.

The Storch was deployed in all European and North African theaters of World War II. In addition to its liaison function, a number were used to fly a battalion of Infantry Regiment Grossdeutschland behind enemy lines during the invasion of Belgium.

Field Marshal Rommel used Storch aircraft for transport and battlefield surveillance during the North African desert campaign of World War II.

In 1943, the Storch played a role in Operation Eiche, the rescue of deposed Italian dictator Benito Mussolini from a boulder-strewn mountain-top near the Gran Sasso. Even though the mountain was surrounded by Italian troops, German commando Otto Skorzeny and 90 paratroopers used gliders to land on the peak and quickly captured it. However, the problem of how to get back off remained. A Focke-Achgelis Fa 223 helicopter was sent, but it broke down en route. Instead, pilot Heinrich Gerlach flew in a Storch. It landed in 30 m (100 ft), and after Mussolini and Skorzeny boarded, it took off in 80 m (250 ft), even though the aircraft was overloaded. The Storch involved in rescuing Mussolini bore the radio code letters, or Stammkennzeichen, of "SJ + LL"[9] in the motion picture coverage of the daring rescue.

On 26 April 1945, a Storch was one of the last aircraft to land on the improvised airstrip in the Tiergarten near the Brandenburg Gate during the Battle of Berlin and the death throes of Nazi Germany. It was flown by the test pilot Hanna Reitsch, who flew Generalfeldmarschall Robert Ritter von Greim from Munich to Berlin to answer a summons from Hitler.[10]

Air Vice Marshal Harry Broadhurst and his Storch, Italy, 1943

A Storch was the last aircraft shot down by the Allies on the Western Front and another was downed by a direct Allied counterpart of the Storch, an L-4 Grasshopper, the military version of the well-known American Piper J-3 Cub civilian training and sport aircraft. The pilot and co-pilot of the L-4, lieutenants Duane Francis and Bill Martin, opened fire on the Storch with their .45 caliber pistols, forcing the German air crew to land and surrender.[11]

During the war a number of Störche were captured by the Allies. One became the personal aircraft of Field Marshal Montgomery. Others were used as the personal aircraft of Air Vice Marshal Arthur Coningham and Air Vice Marshal Harry Broadhurst, who acquired his Storch in North Africa, and flew it subsequently in Italy and North-West Europe.

The British captured 145, of which 64 were given to the French as war compensation from Germany.

Post-World War II

An Austrian-registered Storch fitted with spraying equipment at Stuttgart Airport in 1965

The French Air Force (Armée de l'Air) and the French Army Light Aviation (Aviation Légère de l’Armée de Terre) used the Criquet from 1945 to 1958 throughout the Indochina War and the Algerian War. The Swiss Air Force and other mountainous European countries continued to use the Storch for rescues in terrain where STOL performance was necessary, as with the historically significant Gauli Glacier crash rescue in November 1946, as a pair of Flugwaffe-flown Storches were the sole means to get its twelve survivors to safety. After World War II, Storch aircraft were used in utility roles including agricultural spraying. Many Storches are still operational today and are commonly shown at air shows. In North America, both the Collings Foundation and the Fantasy of Flight museum have airworthy Fi 156 Storch aircraft in their collections.

Variants

  • Fi 156 V1: Prototype equipped with an adjustable metal propeller, registration D-IKVN (produced in 1935–1936)
  • Fi 156 V2: Prototype equipped with a wooden propeller. First prototype to fly (May 10, 1936). registration D-IDVS (produced in 1935–1936)
  • Fi 156 V3: Prototype identical to the V2. Test machine for various radio equipment, registration D-IGLI (produced in 1936)
  • Fi 156 V4: Prototype identical to the V3. Skis for landing gear and disposable auxiliary tank. (produced in 1936–1937)
  • Fi 156 V5: Production prototype for A-series. (produced in 1937)
  • Fi 156 A-0: Pre-production aircraft, identical to the V3. Ten aircraft were produced. (produced in 1937–1938)
  • Fi 156 A-1: First production models for service, ordered into production by the Luftwaffe with an order for 16 aircraft, the first production aircraft entered service in mid-1937. Some sources cite that only six were effectively produced. (produced in 1938)
  • Fi 156 B: Fitted with a new system which could retract the normally fixed leading edge slats and had a number of minor aerodynamic cleanups, boosting the speed to 208 km/h (130 mph). The Luftwaffe did not consider such a small difference to be important and the Fi-156 B was not produced.
  • Fi 156 C-0: Pre-production. Essentially a "flexible" version of the A model. (produced in 1939)
  • Fi 156 C-1: Three-seat liaison version. (produced in 1939–1940)
  • Fi 156 C-2: Two-seat observation type, which had a raised, fully glazed rear dorsal gun position for mounting a MG 15 machine gun for defense. (produced in 1940)
  • Fi 156 C-3: Replaced the C-1 and C-2 with a "universal cockpit" suited for any role. (produced in 1940–1941)
  • Fi 156 C-3/Trop: Version adapted for tropical and desert conditions. Filtered intakes. (produced in 1940–1942)
  • Fi 156 C-5: Addition of a belly hardpoint for a camera pod or jettisionable auxiliary tanks. Some were fitted with skis, rather than wheels, for operation on snow. (produced in 1941–1945)
  • Fi 156 C-5/Trop: Version adapted for tropical and desert conditions. Filtered intakes. (produced in 1941–1945)
  • Fi 156 C-7: Three-seat liaison version. "Flat" cockpit glazing similar to the C-1.
  • Fi 156 D-0: Pre-production version of the air ambulance version of the C model with a larger cockpit and extra rear fuselage-location starboard-side door for stretcher accommodation. Powered by an Argus As 10P engine. (produced in 1941)
  • Fi 156 D-1: Production version of the D-0. (produced in 1942–1945)
  • Fi 156 E-0: Liaison version identical to the C-1; 10 pre-production aircraft were fitted with tracked landing gear and were produced in 1941–1942.
  • Fi 156 F or P: Counter insurgency version. Identical to the C-3 with machine guns in side windows and bomb-racks and smoke layers. (produced in 1942)
  • Fi 156 U: Anti-submarine version. Identical to the C-3 with depth charge. (produced in 1940)
  • Fi 156 K-1: Export version of the C-1 (Bought by Sweden).
  • Fi 256: A five-seat civil version; two were built by Morane-Saulnier.
  • MS.500: Liaison version. French produced with 240 hp French built Argus engine, as the Fi 156 had used.
  • MS.501: With a 233 hp Renault 6Q inverted, air-cooled "straight six" engine instead of the Argus inverted V8.
  • MS.502: Liaison version. Identical to the MS-500, with the Argus engine replaced by a 230 hp Salmson 9ab radial engine.
  • MS.504: with a 304 hp Jacobs R-755-A2 radial engine.
  • MS.505: Observation version of the MS-500 with the Argus engine replaced by a 304 hp Jacobs R-755-A2 radial engine.
  • MS.506: with a 235 hp Lycoming engine.
  • Mráz K-65 Čáp: Production in Czechoslovakia after World War II.
  • Antonov OKA-38 Aist ("stork" in Russian): An unlicensed Soviet copy of the Fi 156, powered by a copy of a Renault MV-6 inverted, air-cooled straight-six engine (similar to the Renault 6Q), was starting production as the factory was overrun by German forces in 1941

Operators

Spanish Air Force Fi 156 and Argus As 10 engine at the Museo del Aire in Madrid
Swedish Air Force S14 (Fi 156)
A captured German Fieseler Fi 156C-3/Trop Storch (ex "NM+ZS"), WkNr. 5620.
 Bulgaria
Bulgarian Air Force
 Cambodia
Khmer Air Force - AVRK (Post war) and Khmer Air Force (KAF)
 Independent State of Croatia
Air Force of the Independent State of Croatia
 Czechoslovakia
 Egypt
Egyptian Air Force
 Finland
Finnish Air Force
 France
 Germany
Luftwaffe
 United Kingdom
Royal Air Force
 Greece
Greek Air Force (Post war)
 Hungary
Royal Hungarian Air Force
 Italy
Regia Aeronautica
 Laos
Royal Lao Air Force (Post war)
 Morocco
 Norway
Royal Norwegian Air Force (Post war)
 Poland
 Romania
 Slovakia
Slovak Air Force (1939–1945)
 South Vietnam
Republic of Vietnam Air Force (Post war)[12]
 Soviet Union
Soviet Air Force
 Spain
Spanish Air Force
 Sweden
Swedish Air Force
  Switzerland
Swiss Air Force
 Kingdom of Yugoslavia
Yugoslav Royal Air Force
 Yugoslavia
SFR Yugoslav Air Force

Surviving aircraft

Argentina

Morane-Saulnier MS.502 Criquet, Museo Nacional de Aeronáutica de Argentina, 2012
  • MS.502 Criquet at the Museo Nacional de Aeronáutica, at Morón, Buenos Aires.[13]

Austria

Fi 156 at Museum of Military History, Vienna, Austria.
  • 110253 – Fi 156 on static display at the Museum of Military History in Vienna, Austria.[14]

Belgium

  • 5503 – S-14B on static display at the Royal Museum of the Armed Forces and Military History in Brussels, Brussels.[15]

Finland

  • 4230/39 – Fi 156 K-1 on display at the Finnish Aviation Museum in Vantaa, Uusimaa. It is the only surviving Finnish Air Force Storch. It retains its civilian paint scheme and registration, OH-FSA, from its final owner. It previously carried the serial number ST-112 and the registration OH-VSF.[16]

Germany

Fi 156 displayed in the Deutsches Museum Flugwerft Schleissheim
  • 73 – MS.505 airworthy at the Fliegendes Museum in Großenhain, Saxony. It is registered as D-EGTY and is painted in French Air Force colors.[17][18]
  • 637 – MS.500 on static display at the Luftwaffenmuseum der Bundeswehr in Berlin, Berlin.[19]
  • 4299 – Fi 156 C-3 on static display at the Deutsches Museum in Munich, Bavaria.[20][21]
  • 110062 – Fi 156 C-3 on static display at the Deutsches Technikmuseum in Berlin, Berlin.[22]
  • 110254 – S-14 on static display at the Technik Museum Speyer in Speyer, Rhineland-Palatinate.[23]
  • Composite – Fi 156 C-3 airworthy at the Deutsches Museum Flugwerft Schleissheim in Munich, Bavaria.[24][25]

Italy

Norway

  • 43 – MS.500 airworthy in Fetsund, Akershus. It has been restored as a Fi 156 C-3.[27]
  • Composite – MS.500 on display at the Sola Aviation Museum in Stavanger, Rogaland. It has been converted to resemble a Fi 156 C-2 during restoration.[28]

Serbia

Yugoslav Air Force K-65 at Belgrade Aviation Museum, Serbia.
  • c/n 91 – Mráz K-65 Čáp on static display at the Belgrade Aviation Museum in Surčin, Belgrade. It was converted to a medical transport and has the registration YU-COE.[29]

South Africa

Spain

  • Composite – Fi 156 C-3 on display at the Museo del Aire in Madrid.[32][33]

Switzerland

  • 1685 – Fi 156 C-3 on static display at the Flieger-Flab-Museum in Dubendorf, Zurich.[34]
  • 8063 – Fi 156 C-3/Trop on static display at the Swiss Museum of Transport in Lucerne, Lucerne.[35]

United Kingdom

United States

A privately owned MS.500 flying at the Wings Over Houston airshow, October 2019.
  • 361 – MS.502 under restoration to airworthiness with the Southern California Wing of the Commemorative Air Force in Camarillo, California.[39][40]
  • 381 – MS.502 on static display at the Planes of Fame Air Museum in Chino, California.[41][42]
  • 724 – MS.500 on static display at the Pima Air & Space Museum in Tucson, Arizona.[43]
  • 728 – MS.502 airworthy at the War Eagles Air Museum in Santa Teresa, New Mexico.[44][45]
  • 3808 – Fi 156 C-1 on static display at the National Museum of the United States Air Force in Dayton, Ohio. It was built in 1940.[46][47]
  • 4362 – Fi 156 C-2 airworthy at the Flying Heritage & Combat Armor Museum in Everett, Washington.[48][49][50]
  • 4621 – MS.500 airworthy with the Collings Foundation in Stow, Massachusetts.[51][52][53] bearing the Geschwaderkennung "B1+BB" of a Luftwaffe "flight-readiness" support unit.[citation needed]
  • 4642 – MS.500 airworthy at the Fantasy of Flight museum in Polk City, Florida.[54][55][56]
  • Unknown ID – MS.500 in storage at the Paul E. Garber Preservation, Restoration, and Storage Facility of the National Air and Space Museum in Suitland, Maryland.[57]

Specifications (Fi 156C-2)

Fiesler Fi 156 C-3 Storch.svg

Data from [58]

General characteristics

  • Crew: 2
  • Length: 9.91 m (32 ft 6 in)
  • Wingspan: 14.25 m (46 ft 9 in)
  • Height: 3.05 m (10 ft 0 in)
  • Wing area: 26 m2 (280 sq ft)
  • Empty weight: 930 kg (2,050 lb)
  • Gross weight: 1,324 kg (2,920 lb)
  • Powerplant: 1 × Argus As 10 V-8 inverted air-cooled piston engine, 180 kW (240 hp)
  • Propellers: 2-bladed

Performance

  • Maximum speed: 175 km/h (109 mph, 95 kn) at sea level
  • Cruise speed: 130 km/h (81 mph, 70 kn) (econ. cruise)
  • Range: 390 km (240 mi, 210 nmi) at 150 km/h (93 mph; 81 kn) and 1,000 m (3,280 ft)
  • Service ceiling: 4,600 m (15,090 ft)
  • Rate of climb: 4.60 m/s (905 ft/min)

Armament

  • Guns: 1 × MG 15 machine gun

See also

Related development

Aircraft of comparable role, configuration and era

Related lists

References

Notes

  1. ↑ Winchester, 2004
  2. ↑ "Fieseler Fi 156 Storch - Specifications - Technical Data / Description". http://www.flugzeuginfo.net/acdata_php/acdata_fi156_en.php. 
  3. ↑ Sengfelder, Günther (1993). German Aircraft Landing Gear. Atglen, PA USA: Schiffer Publishing. p. 84. ISBN 0-88740-470-7. "(Photo caption) The long shock absorber leg of the Fi 156 with its streamlined fairing. 200 mm of idle stroke was available in addition to the 400 mm stroke of the shock absorber." 
  4. ↑ "Fieseler Fi 156 - Overview". http://www.historyofwar.org/articles/weapons_fieseler_fi_156.html. 
  5. ↑ Gunston, Bill (1995). The Osprey Encyclopedia of Russian Aircraft 1875-1995. Osprey. pp. 20. ISBN 1 85532 405 9. 
  6. ↑ Axworthy et al. 1995, pp. 249–250.
  7. ↑ "Australian Type Certificate for the Slepcev Storch." Civil Aviation Safety Authority (Australia). Retrieved: 4 September 2012.
  8. ↑ "Slepcev Storch." Storch Aviation, Serbia. Retrieved: 10 April 2011.
  9. ↑ "The LEMB Stammkennzeichen Database." The LEMB Stammkennzeichen Database Project. Retrieved: 14 November 2012.
  10. ↑ Beevor 2002, p. 322.
  11. ↑ Archived at Ghostarchive and the Wayback Machine: "Grasshopper vs. Fieseler Storch - WW2's Weirdest Dogfight". https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=eAf0maieLjs. 
  12. ↑ Mesko 1981, pp. 1, 4.
  13. ↑ Cater & Caballero (IPMS Magazine May 2013)
  14. ↑ "Airframe Dossier - Fiesler Fi-156 Storch, s/n 3818 SweAF, c/n 110253, c/r D-ENPE". AerialVisuals.ca. http://aerialvisuals.ca/AirframeDossier.php?Serial=89276. 
  15. ↑ "Airframe Dossier - Fiesler Fi-156 / MS-500, s/n 3822 SweAF, c/n 5503". AerialVisuals.ca. http://aerialvisuals.ca/AirframeDossier.php?Serial=6065. 
  16. ↑ "Airframe Dossier - Fiesler Fi-156 / MS-500, s/n ST-112 FiAF, c/n 4230/39, c/r OH-FSA". AerialVisuals.ca. http://aerialvisuals.ca/AirframeDossier.php?Serial=117437. 
  17. ↑ "Morane Saulnier MS 505 Storch" (in de). http://www.fliegendes-museum.de/wordpress/de/flotte/morane-saulnier-ms-505-storch. 
  18. ↑ "Airframe Dossier - Fiesler-Morane-Saulnier MS.505 Criquet, c/r G-BWRF". AerialVisuals.ca. http://aerialvisuals.ca/AirframeDossier.php?Serial=125413. 
  19. ↑ "Airframe Dossier - Fiesler-Morane-Saulnier MS-500 Criquet, s/n 637 ALA, c/n 637, c/r G-AZMH". AerialVisuals.ca. http://aerialvisuals.ca/AirframeDossier.php?Serial=118736. 
  20. ↑ "Fieseler Fi 156 "Storch"". http://www.deutsches-museum.de/en/collections/transport/aeronautics/propeller-planes/from-1918-up-to-1945/fieseler-fi-156-storch. 
  21. ↑ "Airframe Dossier - Fiesler Fi-156 / MS-500, s/n A-96 SwiAF, c/n 4299, c/r HB-ARU". AerialVisuals.ca. http://aerialvisuals.ca/AirframeDossier.php?Serial=28153. 
  22. ↑ "Airframe Dossier - Fiesler Fi-156 / MS-500, s/n 237 BAPC, c/n 110062". AerialVisuals.ca. http://aerialvisuals.ca/AirframeDossier.php?Serial=28454. 
  23. ↑ "Airframe Dossier - Fiesler S-14 Storch, s/n Fv3819 SweAF, c/n 110254, c/r OE-ADS". AerialVisuals.ca. http://aerialvisuals.ca/AirframeDossier.php?Serial=28306. 
  24. ↑ "Fieseler Fi 156C Storch". http://www.deutsches-museum.de/en/flugwerft/collections/propeller-driven-aircrafts/fieseler-fi-156. 
  25. ↑ "Airframe Dossier - Fiesler Fi-156C-3 Storch, c/n 2070, c/r D-EAWD". AerialVisuals.ca. http://aerialvisuals.ca/AirframeDossier.php?Serial=8851. 
  26. ↑ "Fieseler Fi.156". http://www.aeronautica.difesa.it/storia/museostorico/Pagine/FieselerFi156.aspx. 
  27. ↑ "The Project". http://www.storch.no/project.htm. 
  28. ↑ "Fieseler Fi 156 C-2 Storch" (in no). Flyhistorisk Museum. 12 March 2013. http://www.flymuseum-sola.no/fieseler-fi-156-c-2-storch. 
  29. ↑ "Fieseler Fi 156 Storch / Mráz K-65 Čáp". Aeronautical museum-Belgrade. http://www.aeronauticalmuseum.com/eksponati.php?jez=eng&id=42. 
  30. ↑ "Fiesler 156 Storch". http://saafmuseum.org.za/fieseler-fi-156-storch. 
  31. ↑ "Airframe Dossier - Fiesler-Mraz Fi-156C-7 Storch, s/n 200 SAAF, c/n 475099". AerialVisuals.ca. http://aerialvisuals.ca/AirframeDossier.php?Serial=165395. 
  32. ↑ "Hangar 3 del Museo de Aeronáutica y Astronáutica" (in es). Ejército del Aire. http://www.ejercitodelaire.mde.es/ea/pag?idDoc=E5145185FA1157E1C125746C002E58F4. 
  33. ↑ "Airframe Dossier - Fiesler Fi-156 / MS-500, c/n 2027/2". AerialVisuals.ca. http://aerialvisuals.ca/AirframeDossier.php?Serial=19646. 
  34. ↑ "Airframe Dossier - Fiesler Fi-156C-3 Storch, s/n A-100 SwiAF, c/n 1685". AerialVisuals.ca. http://aerialvisuals.ca/AirframeDossier.php?Serial=5210. 
  35. ↑ "Airframe Dossier - Fiesler Fi-156 / MS-500, s/n A-97 SwiAF, c/n 8063". AerialVisuals.ca. http://aerialvisuals.ca/AirframeDossier.php?Serial=28325. 
  36. ↑ "Fieseler Storch". Trustees of the Royal Air Force Museum. http://www.rafmuseum.org.uk/research/collections/fieseler-storch. 
  37. ↑ Simpson, Andrew (2015). "INDIVIDUAL HISTORY". Royal Air Force Museum. http://www.rafmuseum.org.uk/documents/collections/1989-0315-AF-FIESLER-Storch.pdf. 
  38. ↑ "Airframe Dossier - Fiesler Fi-156C-3 Storch, s/n VP546 RAF, c/n 475081". AerialVisuals.ca. http://aerialvisuals.ca/AirframeDossier.php?Serial=43206. 
  39. ↑ "Fi 156 Storch - N40FS". http://www.fundrazr.com/f25qJc. 
  40. ↑ "Airframe Dossier - Fieseler-Morane-Saulnier MS-502 Criquet, s/n 361 ALA, c/n 361, c/r N40FS". http://www.aerialvisuals.ca/AirframeDossier.php?Serial=57607. 
  41. ↑ "Flying & Static Aircraft". http://planesoffame.org/index.php?page=81. 
  42. ↑ "Airframe Dossier - Fiesler Fi-156 / MS-500, c/n 381, c/r N57962". AerialVisuals.ca. http://aerialvisuals.ca/AirframeDossier.php?Serial=8083. 
  43. ↑ "CRIQUET". Pimaair.org. http://www.pimaair.org/aircraft-by-name/item/morane-saulnier-ms-500-criquet. 
  44. ↑ "Fi-156 Fieseler Storch". War Eagles Air Museum. http://www.war-eagles-air-museum.com/exhibit.php?id=12. 
  45. ↑ "FAA REGISTRY [N28670"]. U.S. Department of Transportation. http://registry.faa.gov/aircraftinquiry/NNum_Results.aspx?NNumbertxt=N28670. 
  46. ↑ "Fieseler Fi-156C-1 Storch". 16 April 2015. http://www.nationalmuseum.af.mil/Visit/MuseumExhibits/FactSheets/Display/tabid/509/Article/196289/fieseler-fi-156c-1-storch.aspx. 
  47. ↑ "Airframe Dossier - Fiesler Fi-156C-1 Storch, s/n 4389 SweAF, c/n 3808, c/r N156SV". AerialVisuals.ca. http://aerialvisuals.ca/AirframeDossier.php?Serial=73501. 
  48. ↑ "FIESELER FI 156 C-2 STORCH". Friends of Flying Heritage. http://www.flyingheritage.com/TemplatePlane.aspx?contentId=15. 
  49. ↑ "Airframe Dossier - Fiesler Fi-156C-2 Storch, c/n 4362, c/r N436FS". AerialVisuals.ca. http://aerialvisuals.ca/AirframeDossier.php?Serial=14780. 
  50. ↑ "FAA REGISTRY [N436FS"]. U.S. Department of Transportation. http://registry.faa.gov/aircraftinquiry/NNum_Results.aspx?NNumbertxt=N436FS. 
  51. ↑ "FIESELER FI-156 STORCH". http://www.collingsfoundation.org/aircrafts/fiesler-fi-156-storch. 
  52. ↑ "Airframe Dossier - Fiesler Fi-156 / MS-500, c/r N156FC". AerialVisuals.ca. http://aerialvisuals.ca/AirframeDossier.php?Serial=39371. 
  53. ↑ "FAA REGISTRY [N156FC"]. U.S. Department of Transportation. http://registry.faa.gov/aircraftinquiry/NNum_Results.aspx?NNumbertxt=N156FC. 
  54. ↑ "1937 Fieseler Fi-156 Storch". Fantasy of Flight. https://www.fantasyofflight.com/collection/aircraft/wwii/1937-fieseler-fi-156-storch. 
  55. ↑ "Airframe Dossier - Fiesler-Morane-Saulnier MS-500 Criquet, c/n 4642, c/r N156FS". AerialVisuals.ca. http://aerialvisuals.ca/AirframeDossier.php?Serial=18903. 
  56. ↑ "FAA REGISTRY [N156FS"]. U.S. Department of Transportation. http://registry.faa.gov/aircraftinquiry/NNum_Results.aspx?NNumbertxt=N156FS. 
  57. ↑ "Morane-Saulnier MS.500 (Fieseler Fi 156 Storch)". http://airandspace.si.edu/collection-objects/morane-saulnier-ms500-fieseler-fi-156-storch. 
  58. ↑ Green 1970, p. 168.

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Other sources

External links



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