Engineering:Scissor doors

Short description: Type of car door

The Lamborghini Aventador

The Lamborghini Countach

Scissor doors (also called flap doors, wing doors, beetle-wing doors, turtle doors, switchblade doors, swing-up doors, upswing doors, Lamborghini doors, and Lambo doors) are automobile doors that rotate vertically at a fixed hinge at the front of the door, rather than outward as with a conventional door.

History

The Alfa Romeo Carabo concept car was the first vehicle to use scissor doors.

The first vehicle to feature scissor doors was the 1968 Alfa Romeo Carabo concept car, designed by Bertone's Marcello Gandini. The door style was dictated by Gandini's desire for an innovative design, and by his concern over the car's extremely poor rear visibility. In order to reverse the car, the driver would be able to lift the door and lean his upper body out of the hatch in order to see behind the car. The first production car to feature the doors was a Lamborghini, Gandini's Countach; the sports car's wide chassis created similar problems to those found on the Carabo, calling for the unusual door configuration. This sports car was quite impractical for real life, as due to unusual design it was impossible to backup without doors open wide. So, such doors were originally offered as a practical measure that helped the driver. Besides, traditional swing-open doors would make it more difficult to get out of the vehicle due to high door sills. The doors were used on the Countach's successor, the Diablo, on its replacement, the Murciélago, and on a low-production run derivative of the Murciélago called the Reventón. The Centenario is the latest Lamborghini car to feature the trademark doors. Having used the exotic door style for several of its cars, the Italian manufacturer has become synonymous with the implementation of scissor doors, which are sometimes colloquially referred to as "Lambo doors".

2006 Smart Roadster with prepared panel and scissor doors

Today many aftermarket companies are specialized in production of scissor door conversion kits for regular production cars that originally come with regular doors. A common scissor door conversion kit (also known as a "Lambo-door" kit) includes model specific redesigned door hinges and gas filled shocks. Such kits are usually bolt-on or weld on and require some modifications to front bumpers and door panels. Original door panels are not replaced, so a vehicle looks standard from the outside, when the doors are closed.

The Alfa Romeo Pandion concept car with rear-hinged scissor doors

Advantages

• Offers the possibility of operating the car with the door open, in a manner that would be difficult or impossible in a car with conventional doors.
• Because the doors stay within the car's track throughout their range of movement, they are useful when parking in tight spaces. A gull-wing door style offers similar usability, but the doors swing out from the car's area slightly.
• The hinge is placed in a similar location to a conventional door, so a convertible version of the car is possible with the same door style.
• Reduces the dooring hazard to cyclists.

Disadvantages

• The cost of manufacturing the door hinge can be more than that of a conventional door.
• The door still impedes access/egress much more than a gullwing and, in some cases, more than a conventional door.
• If the height of the parking lot ceiling is insufficient, a car door may come into contact with it when it opens.
• In the event of a rollover, emergency egress may be more difficult than with conventional doors, or impossible.

Types

There are different types of scissor doors. The conventional type rotates to 90 degrees. Scissor doors can be powered and they usually are.

Vertical lift system

Vertical lift system (VLS) doors have a scissor door configuration. The biggest difference is that they are designed to initially open slightly outward before opening upward to allow the top edge of the door to clear the door frame and A-pillar. Although butterfly doors also move upwards and outwards, VLS doors are not the same as butterfly doors as VLS doors move outward only a small degree compared to butterfly doors.

130 degrees

Although conventional scissor doors rotate to 90 degrees, some can rotate up to 130 degrees; these are commonly used for modified cars. Such scissor doors have the benefit of not obstructing the entrance or exit to the car as much as conventional scissor doors. VLS doors also can be made to rotate to 130 degrees.

Scissor-conventional door hybrid

Some aftermarket example scissor doors are also designed so they can open either vertically (scissor door) or horizontally (conventional door), as the user chooses. Such doors allow the user to gain the benefits of both types of door, choosing to open the doors in whichever style is best suited to the situation.

In popular culture

Scissor doors are widely noted as a status symbol in popular culture. In 2012, Migos released a track called "Lambo Doors," in the first line referring to an observer who has never seen such high-status doors. In 2017, Rick Ross released a track called "Lamborghini Doors", in which he notes a number of objects that are rising up like the titular doors. In the TV series Silicon Valley, a character remarks that he feels poor when he has regular car doors, rather than doors that go "like this" (gesturing as if his arms were gull-wing doors) or "like this" (gesturing as if his arms were scissor doors), leading to other commentators referring to scissor doors as "billionaire doors".

See also

• Butterfly doors
• Canopy door
• Gull-wing doors
• List of cars with non-standard door designs
• Sliding doors
• Suicide doors
• Swan doors