Engineering:Template-guided self-assembly
Template-guided self-assembly is a versatile fabrication process that can arrange various micrometer to nanometer sized particles into lithographically created template with defined patterns. The process contain the following four steps.[1][2]
Create Template
The "template" can be created by either photolithography or e-beam lithography to define binding sites for various building blocks. The binding sites should reflect the footprint of the building blocks or clusters to be bound.
Surface Treatment
After film development, the created pattern is treated with charged polymers in order to “stick” the particles. Take poly-lysine as an example, the poly-lysine will cover the negatively charged glass surface and turn the charge to be positive; it thus can non-specifically bind negatively charged metallic nanoparticles.
Particle Assembly
To do particle assembly, treated pattern is submerged in a small amount of aqueous solution of particles.[3] A few approaches can be used to facilitate the binding efficiency. One of them is to use capillary force at the edge of the aqueous droplet to “push” the particles into the binding sites.[4] If assembling multiple types of particles, the particles should be assembled in the order of decreasing sizes.[2] For example, if assembling both 60 nm gold nanoparticles as well as 40 nm silver nanoparticles, 60 nm gold nanoparticles should be applied first because it is too big to enter binding sites tailored for 40 nm particles. Rationally design the binding sequence as well as the binding site sizes can result in minimizing the binding errors from occurring.
Remove Template
After binding of all building blocks, the template can be removed by either dissolving in an organic solvent, or stripped off by a scotch tape.
References
- ↑ Chen, T.; Pourmand, M.; Feizpour, A.; Cushman, B.; Reinhard, B. M. (2013-07-03). "Tailoring Plasmon Coupling in Self-Assembled One-Dimensional Au Nanoparticle Chains through Simultaneous Control of Size and Gap Separation". The Journal of Physical Chemistry Letters 4 (13): 2147–2152. doi:10.1021/jz401066g. ISSN 1948-7185. PMID 24027605.
- ↑ 2.0 2.1 Chen, T.; Reinhard, B. M. (2016-05-01). "Assembling Color on the Nanoscale: Multichromatic Switchable Pixels from Plasmonic Atoms and Molecules" (in en). Advanced Materials 28 (18): 3522–3527. doi:10.1002/adma.201506179. ISSN 1521-4095. PMID 26990416.
- ↑ Roach, Lucien; Hereu, Adrian; Lalanne, Phillipe; Duguet, Etienne; Tréguer-Delapierre, Mona; Vynck, Kevin; Drisko, Glenna L. (2022). "Controlling disorder in self-assembled colloidal monolayers via evaporative processes" (in en). Nanoscale 14: 3324. doi:10.1039/D1NR07814C. ISSN 2040-3372. https://pubs.rsc.org/en/content/articlelanding/2022/nr/d1nr07814c.
- ↑ Hong, Yan; Qiu, Yue; Chen, Tianhong; Reinhard, Björn M. (2014-02-01). "Rational Assembly of Optoplasmonic Hetero-nanoparticle Arrays with Tunable Photonic–Plasmonic Resonances" (in en). Advanced Functional Materials 24 (6): 739–746. doi:10.1002/adfm.201301837. ISSN 1616-3028. PMID 30245611.
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