Engineering:Walther PP

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Walther PP
1972 Walther PP.jpg
Original Walther PP pistol
TypeSemi-automatic pistol
Place of originGermany[1]
Service history
In service1935–present
Used bySee Users
Wars
Production history
DesignerCarl Walther Waffenfabrik
Designed1929
ManufacturerCarl Walther GmbH Sportwaffen
Produced1929–present
VariantsSee Variants
Specifications
Mass
  • 675 g (23.8 oz) (.22 LR)
  • 660 g (23 oz) (.32 ACP)
  • 665 g (23.5 oz) (.380 ACP)
  • 850 g (30 oz) (9×18mm Ultra)
Length170 mm (6.7 in)
Barrel length
  • 98 mm (3.9 in)
Width30 mm (1.2 in)
Height109 mm (4.3 in)
Cartridge
ActionStraight blowback
Muzzle velocity
  • 305 m/s (1,000.7 ft/s) (.22 LR)
  • 320 m/s (1,049.9 ft/s) (.32 ACP)
  • 256 m/s (840 ft/s) (.380 ACP)
  • 320 m/s (1,050 ft/s) (9×18mm Ultra)
Feed systemMagazine capacity:
  • 10 (.22 LR)
  • 8 (.32 ACP)
  • 7 (.380 ACP and 9×18mm Ultra)
SightsFixed iron sights, rear notch and front blade

The Walther PP (German: Polizeipistole, or police pistol) series pistols are blowback-operated semi-automatic pistols, developed by the German arms manufacturer Carl Walther GmbH Sportwaffen.[9]

It features an exposed hammer, a traditional double-action trigger mechanism,[10] a single-column magazine, and a fixed barrel that also acts as the guide rod for the recoil spring. The series includes the Walther PP, PPK, PPK/S, and PPK/E models. The Walther TPH pocket pistol is a smaller calibre pistol introduced in 1971 identical in handling and operation to the PPK.

Various PP series are manufactured in Germany, France and the United States.[11] In the past, the PPK version was manufactured by Walther in its own factory in Germany, as well as under licenses by Manurhin in France; Interarms in Virginia and by Smith & Wesson in Maine. Since 2018, PPK and PPK/S models have been built at the factory of US-based subsidiary Walther Arms, Inc.[12][13]

The PP and the PPK were among the world's first successful double action semi-automatic pistols. They are still manufactured by Walther and have been widely copied. The design inspired other pistols, among them the Soviet Makarov, the Hungarian FEG PA-63, the Polish P-64, the American Accu-Tek AT-380 II, and the Argentinian Bersa Thunder 380. The PP and PPK were both popular with European police and civilians for being reliable and concealable. During World War II, they were issued to the German military (officers), including the Luftwaffe, as well as the uniformed Ordnungspolizei and plainclothes detectives of the Kriminalpolizei.[1]

PP Series

Walther PP .32 made in Germany in 1968

The original PP was released in 1929.[1] It was designed for police use and was used by police forces in Europe in the 1930s and later.[1] The semi-automatic pistol operated using a simple blowback action.[1] The PP was designed with several safety features, some of them innovative, including an automatic hammer block, a combination safety/decocker and a loaded chamber indicator.[1]

All members of the PP series share a common takedown procedure. The trigger guard is hinged; by pulling the trigger guard downwards, the slide can be drawn backwards past the normal stopping point, lifted clear of the slide rail, and then guided back forward to clear the barrel. With the slide removed the blowback spring around the barrel is free and can be removed as well.[relevant? – discuss]

Variants

PPK

The most common variant is the Walther PPK, a smaller version of the PP with a shorter grip, barrel and frame, and reduced magazine capacity. A new, two-piece wrap-around grip panel construction was used to conceal the exposed back strap.[clarification needed] The smaller size made it more concealable than the original PP and hence better suited to plain-clothes or undercover work. It was released in 1931.[14]

"PPK" is an abbreviation for Polizeipistole Kriminal (literally "police pistol criminal"), referring to the Kriminalamt crime investigation office. While the K is often mistakenly assumed to stand for kurz (German for "short"), as the variant has a shorter barrel and frame, Walther used the name "Kriminal" in early advertising brochures and the 1937 GECO German catalog.[15][full citation needed]

The PPK saw widespread use. Adolf Hitler killed himself with his PPK (.32 ACP/7.65mm) in the Führerbunker in Berlin.[16] A Walther PPK .32 (gun number 159270) was used by Kim Jae-gyu to kill South Korean leader Park Chung-hee.[17] A PPK carried by Princess Anne's personal police officer James Beaton infamously jammed during a kidnapping attempt on the princess and her husband.[18]

The fictional secret agent James Bond used a Walther PPK in many of the novels and films: Ian Fleming's choice of Bond's weapon directly influenced the popularity and notoriety of the PPK.[19][20] Fleming had given Bond a .25 Beretta 418 pistol in early novels, but switched to the PPK in Dr. No (1958) on the advice of firearms expert Geoffrey Boothroyd.[21] Although referred to as a PPK in the film adaption of 1962, the actual gun carried by actor Sean Connery was a Walther PP.[20][21][22]

Actor Jack Lord, who played Felix Leiter in Dr. No, was presented with a gold-plated PPK with ivory handgrips, given to him by his friend Elvis Presley. Presley himself owned a silver-finish PPK, inscribed "TCB" ("taking care of business").[23]

PPK/S

The PPK/S was developed following the enactment of the Gun Control Act of 1968 (GCA68) in the United States, the pistol's largest market.[24] One of the provisions of GCA68 banned the importation of pistols and revolvers not meeting certain requirements of length, weight, and other "sporting" features into the United States. The PPK failed the "Import Points" test of the GCA68 by a single point. Walther addressed this situation by combining the PP's frame with the PPK's barrel and slide to create a pistol that weighed slightly more than the PPK.[10] The additional ounce or two of weight of the PPK/S compared to the PPK was sufficient to provide the extra needed import points.

Because United States law allowed domestic production (as opposed to importation) of the PPK, manufacture began under license in the U.S. in 1983; this version was distributed by Interarms. The version currently manufactured by Walther Arms in Fort Smith, Arkansas has been modified (by Smith & Wesson) by incorporating a longer grip tang (S&W calls it "extended beaver tail"),[25] better protecting the shooter from slide bite, i.e., the rearward-traveling slide's pinching the web between the index finger and thumb of the firing hand, which could be a problem with the original design for people with larger hands or an improper grip, especially when using more powerful cartridge loads. The PPK/S is made of stainless steel.[10] There are also blued examples.

The PPK/S differs from the PPK as follows:

  • Overall height: 104 mm (4.1 in) vs. 100 mm (3.9 in)
  • Weight: the PPK/S weighs 51 g (1.8 oz) more than the PPK
  • The PPK/S magazine holds one additional round, in both calibers.[25]

The PPK/S and the PPK are offered in the following calibers: .32 ACP (with capacities of 8 for PPK/S and 7 for PPK); or .380 ACP (PPK/S: 7; PPK: 6). The PPK/S is also offered in .22 LR with capacity of 10 rounds.

PPK-L

A Walther PPK-L manufactured in 1966

In the 1960s, Walther produced the PPK-L, which was a lightweight variant of the PPK. The PPK-L differed from the standard, all steel PPK in that it had an aluminium alloy frame. These were only chambered in 7.65mm Browning (.32 ACP) and .22 LR because of the increase in felt recoil from the lighter weight of the gun. All other features of the postwar production PPK (brown plastic grips with Walther banner, high polished blue finish, lanyard loop, loaded chamber indicator, 7+1 magazine capacity and overall length) were the same on the PPK-L.

PP Super

First marketed in 1972, this was an all-steel variant of the PP chambered for the 9×18mm Ultra cartridge. Designed as a police service pistol, it was a blowback operated, double-action pistol with an external slide-stop lever and a firing-pin safety. A manual decocker lever was on the left side of the slide; when pushed down, it locked the firing pin and released the hammer. When the 9×19mm Parabellum was chosen as the standard service round by most of the German police forces, the experimental 9mm Ultra round fell into disuse. Only about 2,000 PP Super pistols were sold to German police forces in the 1970s, and lack of sales caused Walther to withdraw the PP Super from their catalogue in 1979.[26]

L66A1

In 1974, the British Royal Army Ordnance Corps purchased some thousand .22LR caliber Walther PP pistols for members of the Ulster Defence Regiment.[27] They were issued as sidearms to be carried by off duty soldiers for personal protection during The Troubles.[27] They had military markings unlike standard Walther PPs.[27] They had black plastic grips and were parkerized.[citation needed] In the 1980s, the guns were coated with a lacquer called Suncorite,[27] which was later found to be toxic and is no longer in use.

PPK/E

Walther PPK/E
WaltherPPK-E.png
TypeSemi-automatic pistol
Production history
Designed2000
ManufacturerFegyver-és Gépgyár
Specifications
Length155 mm (6.1 in)
Barrel length83 mm (3.3 in)
Width30 mm (1.2 in)
Height113 mm (4.4 in)
Cartridge.22 LR, .32 ACP, and .380 ACP
ActionStraight blowback
SightsFixed iron sights, rear notch and front blade

At the 2000 Internationale Waffen-Ausstellung (IWA—International Weapons Exhibition) in Nuremberg, Walther announced a new PPK variant designated as the PPK/E.[28] The PPK/E resembles the PPK/S and has a blue steel finish; it is manufactured under license by FEG in Hungary. Despite the resemblance between the two, certain PP-PPK-PPK/S parts, such as magazines, are not interchangeable with the PPK/E. Official factory photographs do not refer to the pistol's Hungarian origins. Instead, the traditional Walther legend ("Carl Walther Waffenfabrik Ulm/Do.") is stamped on the left side of the slide. The PPK/E is offered in .22 LR, .32 ACP, and .380 ACP calibers.

Stainless steel PPK made under license by Ranger Arms

Manufacturing

Walther's original factory was located in Zella-Mehlis in the state of Thuringia. As that part of Germany was occupied by the Soviet Union following World War II, Walther fled to West Germany, where they established a new factory in Ulm. For several years following the war, the Allied powers forbade any manufacture of weapons in Germany. As a result, in 1952, Walther licensed production of the PP series pistols to a French company, Manufacture de Machines du Haut-Rhin, also known as Manurhin. Manurhin made the parts but the pistol was assembled either at Saint-Étienne arsenal (marked "Made in France") or by Walther in Ulm (marked "Made in West Germany" and having German proof-marks). The French company continued to manufacture the PP series until 1986.

In 1978, Ranger Manufacturing of Gadsden, Alabama was licensed to manufacture the PPK and PPK/S; this version was distributed by Interarms of Alexandria, Virginia. Ranger made versions of the PPK/S in both blued and stainless steel and chambered in .380 ACP and only made copies chambered in .32 ACP from 1997 to 1999. This license was eventually canceled in 1999. Walther USA of Springfield, Massachusetts briefly made PPKs and PPK/Ss directly through Black Creek Manufacturing from 1999 to 2001. From 2002, Smith & Wesson (S&W) began manufacturing the PPK and PPK/S under license at their plant in Houlton, Maine until 2013. In February 2009, S&W issued a recall for PPKs it manufactured for a defect in the hammer block safety.[29] In 2018 Walther Arms began producing them again at their new US manufacturing plant in Fort Smith, Arkansas, and new ones are being shipped as of March 2019.

Users

  •  Australia: PPK variant chambered in .22 Long Rifle and .32 ACP formerly used by police for undercover and surveillance duties.[30] [31]
  •  Argentina: PPK variant chambered in .32 ACP used by Comandos Anfibios[32]
  •  Brazil: PP variant chambered in .380 ACP adopted by São Paulo Public Force in 1936.[33][34] PP variant chambered in 7.65 mm issued to high ranking naval officers in 1953[35]
  •  Bolivia: PP variant[36]
  •  Burkina Faso: PP variant[37]
  •  Central African Republic: PP variant[37]
  •  Chad: PP variant[37]
  •  Republic of the Congo: PP variant[37]
  •  Denmark: PPK variant. Danish police used a 7.65mm version[38] until 1998
  •  East Germany: A close copy was produced after World War II[39]
  •  France: All Walther PPs and variants were produced after World War II by Manurhin until 1986[39]
  •  Guyana: PPK variant[37]
  •  Hungary: A close copy was produced locally after World War II. A Hungarian version called the PA-63 (9×18mm Makarov) is still in service[39]
  •  Indonesia: PPK variant is used by Komando Pasukan Katak (Kopaska) tactical diver group and Komando Pasukan Khusus (Kopassus) special forces group[40]
  •  Iran: 200 PPs made via government contract.[41]
  •  Latvia: the PP variant was adopted by the Latvian Police in the early 1930s, becoming its most used pistol until the Soviet occupation. The PP and PPK variants were also privately bought and used by members of the Aizsargi national guard.[42]
  •  Madagascar: PP variant[37]
  •  Mali: PP variant[37]
  •  Mauritius: PP variant[37]
  •  Germany[39]
  •  Niger: PP variant[37]
  •  Peru: PPK issued to navy[43]
  •  Romania: A close copy was produced locally after World War II[39]
  •  Senegal: PP variant[37]
  •  Seychelles: PP variant[37]
  •  Sweden: Walther PP in use by Swedish police until early-mid 2000s[44][45]
  •  Togo: PP variant[37]
  •  Turkey: A close copy, Kirikkale, in 7.65mm and 9mm was produced locally after World War II.[39][46]
  •  United Kingdom:

See also

References

  1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.4 1.5 Bishop, Chris (2002). The Encyclopedia of Weapons of World War II. Sterling Publishing Company, Inc.. ISBN 978-1-58663-762-0. https://books.google.com/books?id=MuGsf0psjvcC. 
  2. ↑ Huon, Jean (September 2013). "The Chaco War". Small Arms Review 17 (3). http://www.smallarmsreview.com/display.article.cfm?idarticles=1976. 
  3. ↑ Katz, Sam (24 March 1988). Arab Armies of the Middle East Wars (2). Men-at-Arms. 128. Osprey Publishing. p. 47. ISBN 978-0-85045-800-8. https://archive.org/details/arabarmiesmiddle02katz. 
  4. ↑ "The airman's guide to survival". BBC News. 18 December 1998. http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/events/crisis_in_the_gulf/forces_and_firepower/237905.stm. 
  5. ↑ Toft, Mike (Summer 2016). "Reality of War: Tornado GR1 1,000lb GPB Low-Level Loft Delivery". Air Power Review (First Gulf War 25th Anniversary - Special Edition) (Royal Air Force): 130–133. https://www.raf.mod.uk/what-we-do/centre-for-air-and-space-power-studies/documents1/air-power-review-vol-19-no-2-first-gulf-war-25th-anniversary-special/. 
  6. ↑ "Stock Photo - Royal Air Force Harrier GR7 pilot FLT Lt Scott Morley puts his personal Walther PPK pistol into his flying suit as he prepares before his mission over Iraq from their base in their base in Kuwait, March 21, 2003". Alamy. https://www.alamy.com/royal-air-force-harrier-gr7-pilot-flt-lt-scott-morley-puts-his-personal-walther-ppk-pistol-into-his-flying-suit-as-he-prepares-before-his-mission-over-iraq-from-their-base-in-kuwait-march-21-2003-us-and-british-forces-invaded-iraq-overnight-crossing-the-desert-border-from-kuwait-under-cover-of-an-intense-artillery-barrage-as-a-second-air-raid-pounded-targets-in-baghdad-reutersrussell-boyce-pp04020020-rus-image380916835.html. 
  7. ↑ "2003 Op Telic". 7 October 2017. https://www.fourfax.co.uk/galleries/1971-2012-harrier/2003-op-telic/nggallery/page/4. 
  8. ↑ "Keeping it Quiet: Suppressor Use by Jihadis, Militants & More". 19 July 2018. https://www.calibreobscura.com/jihadi-rebel-and-militants-use-of-supressors/. 
  9. ↑ "About Walther". http://www.waltherarms.com/about-walther/#.U4_dpprwBLN. 
  10. ↑ 10.0 10.1 10.2 10.3 "Walther PP and PPK self-loading pistols (Germany)". Janes.com. 28 February 2012. http://www.janes.com/articles/Janes-Infantry-Weapons/Walther-PP-and-PPK-self-loading-pistols-Germany.html. 
  11. ↑ "Customer Support". http://www.waltheramerica.com/webapp/wcs/stores/servlet/CustomContentDisplay?langId=-1&storeId=10002&catalogId=13153&content=43307. 
  12. ↑ "About Walther". http://www.waltherarms.com/about-walther/. 
  13. ↑ "Walther PPK". http://www.waltherarms.com/handguns/ppk/ppk/. 
  14. ↑ Walker, Robert E. (2012-11-26) (in en). Cartridges and Firearm Identification. CRC Press. pp. 274. ISBN 978-1-4665-0206-2. https://books.google.com/books?id=SJYjP_tJ9_wC. 
  15. ↑ p.115.
  16. ↑ Fischer (2008) p. 47, "...Günsche stated he entered the study to inspect the bodies, and observed Hitler ...sat...sunken over, with blood dripping out of his right temple. He had shot himself with his own pistol, a PPK 7.65."
  17. ↑ "The inside story of the Park Chung Hee killing" (in en). 2015-11-02. https://koreajoongangdaily.joins.com/2015/11/02/politics/The-inside-story-of-the-Park-Chung-Hee-killing/3011054.html. 
  18. ↑ Low, Valentine. "Princess Anne's bodyguard relives night he was shot foiling her kidnap" (in en). The Times. ISSN 0140-0460. https://www.thetimes.co.uk/article/princess-annes-bodyguard-relives-night-he-was-shot-foiling-her-kidnap-9qdwbmg79. 
  19. ↑ Hartink, A. E. (1996). The Complete Encyclopedia of Pistols and Revolvers. Lisse: Rebo. p. 368. ISBN 978-9-03661-510-5. 
  20. ↑ 20.0 20.1 "James Bond's Walther PPK". 8 November 2007. https://www.cia.gov/about-cia/cia-museum/spy-fi-archives/item19.html. 
  21. ↑ 21.0 21.1 "Time Out: The Guns of James Bond". 16 September 1964. https://www.bbc.co.uk/archive/james_bond/12603.shtml. 
  22. ↑ Macintyre, Ben (2 February 2012). For Your Eyes Only: Ian Fleming and James Bond. A&C Black. p. 114. ISBN 978-1-4088-3064-2. https://books.google.com/books?id=48C1MDVL_RcC&pg=PA114. 
  23. ↑ "Entertainment: The King of all auctions". 6 September 1999. http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/entertainment/439771.stm. 
  24. ↑ Hogg (1945), p. 164.
  25. ↑ 25.0 25.1 "PPK/S Pistol .380ACP". http://www.smith-wesson.com/webapp/wcs/stores/servlet/ProductDisplay?catalogId=13152&storeId=10002&productId=58946&langId=-1&parent_category_rn=43802&isFirearm=Y. 
  26. ↑ "Walther PP Super". http://world.guns.ru/handguns/hg148-e.htm. 
  27. ↑ 27.0 27.1 27.2 27.3 Walter, John (2022). Walther Pistols PP, PPK and P 38. Osprey Publishing. p. 63. ISBN 978-1472850843. 
  28. ↑ "If Reliability Counts...The New Walther PPK/E". http://www.carl-walther.info/dev2/files/pdf/PPKE%20klein.pdf. 
  29. ↑ "Walther PPK PPKS Safety Recall". http://www.smith-wesson.com/webapp/wcs/stores/servlet/Category4_750001_750051_757981_-1_757978_757978_image. 
  30. ↑ "Weapons used by NSW Police". https://www.australianpolice.com.au/chronology-of-policing-nsw/weapons-used-by-nsw-police/.  Retrieved 26 January 2023.
  31. ↑ Slee, Max (1988). Service arms of the South Australian Police : 1838 to 1988, the first 150 years. Norwood: Antique & Historical Arms Association of South Australia. p. 98. ISBN 0731640780. 
  32. ↑ "wiw_sa_argentina - worldinventory". 2016-11-24. https://web.archive.org/web/20161124203421/https://sites.google.com/site/worldinventory/wiw_sa_argentina. 
  33. ↑ "O Museu de Polícia Militar de São Paulo" (in pt-BR). 25 June 2017. https://armasonline.org/armas-on-line/o-museu-da-pm-de-sao-paulo/. 
  34. ↑ "wiw_sa_brazil - worldinventory". 2016-06-02. https://sites.google.com/site/worldinventory/wiw_sa_brazil. 
  35. ↑ "Military and police handgun cartridges of Brazil. - Free Online Library". https://www.thefreelibrary.com/Military+and+police+handgun+cartridges+of+Brazil.-a0248661694. 
  36. ↑ Thompson, Leroy; MacSwan, Ken (1985). Uniforms of the Soldiers of Fortune. Poole: Blandford Press. pp. 111–112. ISBN 978-0-71371-328-2. https://archive.org/details/uniformsofsoldie00thom/page/111. 
  37. ↑ 37.00 37.01 37.02 37.03 37.04 37.05 37.06 37.07 37.08 37.09 37.10 37.11 Jones, Richard D., ed (2009). Jane's Infantry Weapons 2009/2010 (35th ed.). Jane's Information Group. ISBN 978-0-7106-2869-5. 
  38. ↑ "The use of police firearms in Denmark". http://www.politi.dk/NR/rdonlyres/20DE43AF-33F4-48C5-A710-6A58457E35D2/0/Engelskresum%C3%A9afendeligrapport.pdf. 
  39. ↑ 39.0 39.1 39.2 39.3 39.4 39.5 Popenker, Maxim (22 October 2010). "Walther PP & PPK". http://modernfirearms.net/en/handguns/handguns-en/germany-semi-automatic-pistols/walther-pp-i-ppk-eng/. 
  40. ↑ "Kopassus & Kopaska - Specijalne Postrojbe Republike Indonezije" (in hr). Hrvatski vojnik. http://www.hrvatski-vojnik.hr/hrvatski-vojnik/1612007/ind.asp. Retrieved 12 June 2010. 
  41. ↑ "5 Iranian Firearms Seen in December 2019 Rock Island Premier Firearms Auction Catalog". 12 November 2019. https://silahreport.com/2019/11/12/5-iranian-firearms-seen-in-december-2019-rock-island-premier-firearms-auction-catalog/. 
  42. ↑ Valsts policija (2018-03-06). ""Walther" policijas pistole" (in lv). https://www.facebook.com/Valsts.policija/photos/a.159258540836726/1610208749075024/. 
  43. ↑ "wiw_sa_peru - worldinventory". 2016-05-29. https://sites.google.com/site/worldinventory/wiw_sa_peru. 
  44. ↑ "Walther PP, Swedish Contract". http://www.panchogun.com/FV-Walther-PP-Sweden-Page.html. 
  45. ↑ "Walthers udda studsare" (in sv). 25 January 2008. http://www.jaktojagare.se/kategorier/vapen-och-utrustning/walthers-udda-studsare/. 
  46. ↑ Wiener, Friedrich (1987). The armies of the NATO nations: Organization, concept of war, weapons and equipment. Truppendienst Handbooks Volume 3. Vienna: Herold Publishers. p. 428. 

Bibliography

  • Fischer, Thomas (2008). Soldiers of the Leibstandarte. Winnipeg, Canada: J.J. Fedorowicz Publishing, Inc.. ISBN 978-0-921991-91-5. 
  • Hogg, Ian V. (1979). Guns and How They Work. New York: Everest House. ISBN 0-89696-023-4. 
  • Josserand, M. H.; Stevenson, J. A. (1972). Pistols, Revolvers, and Ammunition. New York: Bonanza Books (A division of Crown Publishers, Inc.). ISBN 0-517-16516-3. 
  • Henrotin, Gerard (2017). Walther PP pistol explained. Belgium: HLebooks.com. 

External links




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