Hyperelliptic surface

In mathematics, a hyperelliptic surface, or bi-elliptic surface, is a surface whose Albanese morphism is an elliptic fibration. Any such surface can be written as the quotient of a product of two elliptic curves by a finite abelian group. Hyperelliptic surfaces form one of the classes of surfaces of Kodaira dimension 0 in the Enriques–Kodaira classification.

Invariants

The Kodaira dimension is 0.

Hodge diamond:

		1
	1		1
0		2		0
	1		1
		1

Classification

Any hyperelliptic surface is a quotient (E×F)/G, where E = C/Λ and F are elliptic curves, and G is a subgroup of F (acting on F by translations). There are seven families of hyperelliptic surfaces as in the following table.

order of K	Λ	G	Action of G on E
2	Any	Z/2Z	e → −e
2	Any	Z/2Z ⊕ Z/2Z	e → −e, e → e+c, −c=c
3	Z ⊕ Zω	Z/3Z	e → ωe
3	Z ⊕ Zω	Z/3Z ⊕ Z/3Z	e → ωe, e → e+c, ωc=c
4	Z ⊕ Zi;	Z/4Z	e → ie
4	Z ⊕ Zi	Z/4Z ⊕ Z/2Z	e → ie, e → e+c, ic=c
6	Z ⊕ Zω	Z/6Z	e → −ωe

Here ω is a primitive cube root of 1 and i is a primitive 4th root of 1.

Quasi hyperelliptic surfaces

A quasi-hyperelliptic surface is a surface whose canonical divisor is numerically equivalent to zero, the Albanese mapping maps to an elliptic curve, and all its fibers are rational with a cusp. They only exist in characteristics 2 or 3. Their second Betti number is 2, the second Chern number vanishes, and the holomorphic Euler characteristic vanishes. They were classified by (Bombieri Mumford), who found six cases in characteristic 3 (in which case 6K= 0) and eight in characteristic 2 (in which case 6K or 4K vanishes). Any quasi-hyperelliptic surface is a quotient (E×F)/G, where E is a rational curve with one cusp, F is an elliptic curve, and G is a finite subgroup scheme of F (acting on F by translations).

References

• Barth, Wolf P.; Hulek, Klaus; Peters, Chris A.M.; Van de Ven, Antonius (2004), Compact Complex Surfaces, Ergebnisse der Mathematik und ihrer Grenzgebiete. 3. Folge., 4, Springer-Verlag, Berlin, ISBN 978-3-540-00832-3  - the standard reference book for compact complex surfaces
• Beauville, Arnaud (1996), Complex algebraic surfaces, London Mathematical Society Student Texts, 34 (2nd ed.), Cambridge University Press, ISBN:978-0-521-49842-5, ISBN 978-0-521-49510-3 
• Bombieri, Enrico; Mumford, David (1976), "Enriques' classification of surfaces in char. p. III.", Inventiones Mathematicae 35: 197–232, doi:10.1007/BF01390138, ISSN 0020-9910, https://dash.harvard.edu/bitstream/handle/1/3612776/Mumford_EnriquesClassIII.pdf?sequence=3 
• Bombieri, Enrico; Mumford, David (1977), "Enriques' classification of surfaces in char. p. II", Complex analysis and algebraic geometry, Tokyo: Iwanami Shoten, pp. 23–42