List of programming occupations

From HandWiki
Short description: List of occupations involving computer programming

This is a list of programming occupations involving computer programming, software development, and related work in which writing, testing, maintaining, or reviewing source code is a significant part of the occupation. The titles used for programming work vary by industry, employer, country, and seniority, and may overlap with broader occupations such as software developer, software engineer, systems analyst, and web developer.[1]

General programming occupations

Application and platform development

AI and machine learning

Quantum programming

Cybersecurity and cryptography

See also: Software:List of cryptographic software

Game programming

See also: Software:Video game programming

Embedded and systems software

Data and scientific

See also: List of algorithms, List of data science software, and List of bioinformatics software

Software testing and quality

See also: Software:List of unit testing frameworks, List of software testing tools, and List of web testing tools

Infrastructure and developer operations

See also

References

  1. ↑ "Computer and Information Technology Occupations". U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics. https://www.bls.gov/ooh/computer-and-information-technology/. 
  2. ↑ "Computer Programmers". U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics. August 28, 2025. https://www.bls.gov/ooh/computer-and-information-technology/computer-programmers.htm. 
  3. ↑ "Job description Programmer Analyst in Canada". Government of Canada. June 2, 2026. https://www.jobbank.gc.ca/marketreport/occupation/22529/ca. 
  4. ↑ "Software Developers". National Center for O*NET Development. May 19, 2026. https://www.mynextmove.org/profile/summary/15-1252.00. 
  5. ↑ "Software Engineering Professional Practice". 2024. https://www.computer.org/resources/software-engineering-professionalism. 
  6. ↑ Lientz, Bennet P.; Swanson, E. Burton (November 1981). "Problems in application software maintenance". Communications of the ACM 24 (11): 763–769. doi:10.1145/358790.358796. 
  7. ↑ "Computer Systems Analysts". U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics. August 28, 2025. https://www.bls.gov/ooh/computer-and-information-technology/computer-systems-analysts.htm. 
  8. ↑ "Who is the system programmer?". IBM. https://www.ibm.com/docs/en/zos-basic-skills?topic=world-who-is-system-programmer. 
  9. ↑ "Software Developers, Quality Assurance Analysts, and Testers". U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics. https://www.bls.gov/ooh/computer-and-information-technology/software-developers.htm. 
  10. ↑ "What is mobile application development?". IBM. September 16, 2021. https://www.ibm.com/think/topics/mobile-application-development. 
  11. ↑ "15-1254.00 - Web Developers". National Center for O*NET Development. 2026. https://www.onetonline.org/link/summary/15-1254.00. 
  12. ↑ Damevski, Kostadin; Shepherd, David; Kraft, Nicholas; Pollock, Lori (2015). "Supporting Developers in Porting Software via Combined Textual and Structural Analysis of Software Artifacts". arXiv:1508.04044 [cs.SE].
  13. ↑ Hirning, David (December 12, 2024). "How to Become a Front-End Developer". University of Washington. https://www.pce.uw.edu/news-features/articles/how-to-become-a-front-end-developer. 
  14. ↑ "How to Become a Back-End Developer". Western Governors University. https://www.wgu.edu/career-guide/information-technology/back-end-developer-career.html. 
  15. ↑ Champlain Media (April 1, 2026). "Front, Back, or Full-Stack? Finding Your Fit in Software". Champlain College. https://www.champlain.edu/blog/stories/front-end-vs-back-end-full-stack/. 
  16. ↑ "8 Job Roles in Machine Learning". June 29, 2022. https://business.wfu.edu/masters-in-business-analytics/articles/machine-learning-job-roles/. 
  17. ↑ Yasar, Kinza (June 3, 2024). "What is a machine learning engineer (ML engineer)?". TechTarget. https://www.techtarget.com/searchenterpriseai/definition/machine-learning-engineer-ML-engineer. 
  18. ↑ "AI Skills Needs Analysis". ARISA. May 31, 2023. https://aiskills.eu/wp-content/uploads/2023/06/ARISA_AI-Skills-Needs-Analysis_V1.pdf. 
  19. ↑ Prasad, Grusha; Davis, Forrest (2024). "Training an NLP Scholar at a Small Liberal Arts College: A Backwards Designed Course Proposal". arXiv:2408.05664 [cs.CL].
  20. ↑ "Linguistics as a Profession". https://www.lsadc.org/content.asp?contentid=326. 
  21. ↑ "LLM Application Developer Programme". AI Singapore. August 31, 2024. https://aiap.sg/ladp/. 
  22. ↑ Windiatmoko, Yurio; Hidayatullah, Ahmad Fathan; Rahmadi, Ridho (2020). "Developing Facebook Chatbot Based on Deep Learning Using RASA Framework for University Enquiries". IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering 1077. doi:10.1088/1757-899X/1077/1/012060. 
  23. ↑ "AI Solutions Engineer". CERN. https://careers.cern/jobs/ai-solutions-engineer/. 
  24. ↑ Vu, An; Oppenlaender, Jonas (2025). "Prompt Engineer: Analyzing Skill Requirements in the AI Job Market". arXiv:2506.00058 [cs.CY].
  25. ↑ "Robotics Software Engineer Career". Western Governors University. https://www.wgu.edu/career-guide/information-technology/robotics-software-engineer-career.html. 
  26. ↑ Akbar, Muhammad Azeem; Khan, Arif Ali; Mahmood, Sajjad; Rafi, Saima (2022). "Quantum Software Engineering: A New Genre of Computing". arXiv:2211.13990 [cs.SE].
  27. ↑ Nandapurkar, Deven; Bhabad, Samruddhi (November 19, 2025). "The Coolest Tech Jobs You Haven't Heard Of: Quantum Algorithm Developer". Coneixement INDIA (OPC) Pvt Ltd. https://entechonline.com/quantum-algorithm-developer-coolest-tech-job-you-havent-heard-of/. 
  28. ↑ Happe, Andreas; Cito, Jürgen (2023). "Understanding Hackers' Work: An Empirical Study of Offensive Security Practitioners". Proceedings of the 31st ACM Joint European Software Engineering Conference and Symposium on the Foundations of Software Engineering. pp. 1669–1680. doi:10.1145/3611643.3613900. ISBN 979-8-4007-0327-0. 
  29. ↑ "15-1299.04 - Penetration Testers". National Center for O*NET Development. 2026. https://www.onetonline.org/link/details/15-1299.04. 
  30. ↑ "Engaging with Security Researchers: Embracing a "See Something, Say Something" Culture". Cybersecurity and Infrastructure Security Agency. October 23, 2024. https://www.cisa.gov/news-events/news/engaging-security-researchers-embracing-see-something-say-something-culture. 
  31. ↑ Wachs, Johannes (2022). "Making Markets for Information Security: The Role of Online Platforms in Bug Bounty Programs". arXiv:2204.06905 [cs.CR].
  32. ↑ "15-1299.05 - Information Security Engineers". National Center for O*NET Development. 2026. https://www.onetonline.org/link/summary/15-1299.05. 
  33. ↑ "Information Security Analysts". U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics. August 28, 2025. https://www.bls.gov/ooh/computer-and-information-technology/information-security-analysts.htm. 
  34. ↑ "Cyber security". https://www.asd.gov.au/careers/im-changing-my-career/cyber-security. 
  35. ↑ Votipka, Daniel; Rabin, Seth M.; Micinski, Kristopher; Foster, Jeffrey S.; Mazurek, Michelle L. (2019). "An Observational Investigation of Reverse Engineers' Processes". arXiv:1912.00317 [cs.CR].
  36. ↑ "Cryptographer". Science Buddies. https://careerdiscovery.sciencebuddies.org/science-engineering-careers/math-computer-science/cryptographer. 
  37. ↑ "Become a cryptanalyst: Decode your career path". March 13, 2026. https://cybersecurityguide.org/careers/cryptanalyst/. 
  38. ↑ "Programmer in the games industry". https://www.screenskills.com/job-profiles/browse/games/programming/programmer/. 
  39. ↑ "Gameplay programmer in the games industry". https://www.screenskills.com/job-profiles/browse/games/programming/gameplay-programmer/. 
  40. ↑ "Engine programmer in the games industry". https://www.screenskills.com/job-profiles/browse/games/programming/engine-programmer/. 
  41. ↑ Moore, Michael E.; Novak, Jeannie (2010). Game Industry Career Guide (2nd ed.). Delmar Cengage Learning. p. 78. ISBN 978-1-4283-7647-2. 
  42. ↑ "Physics programmer in the games industry". https://www.screenskills.com/job-profiles/browse/games/programming/physics-programmer/. 
  43. ↑ "Audio Programmer (Video Games)". Berklee College of Music. https://www.berklee.edu/careers/roles/audio-programmer. 
  44. ↑ "How to Become an Embedded Software Engineer". University of Washington. March 25, 2026. https://www.pce.uw.edu/news-features/articles/how-to-become-an-embedded-software-engineer. 
  45. ↑ "Computer Engineering Job Titles and Job Descriptions". University of Virginia. https://engineering.virginia.edu/offices-programs/center-engineering-career-development/career-development-computer-engineering-job-titles-and-job-descriptions. 
  46. ↑ Corbet, Jonathan; Rubini, Alessandro; Kroah-Hartman, Greg (2005). Linux Device Drivers (3rd ed.). O'Reilly Media. https://lwn.net/Kernel/LDD3/. Retrieved June 26, 2026. 
  47. ↑ "A Beginner's Guide to Linux Kernel Development (LFD103)". Linux Foundation. https://training.linuxfoundation.org/training/a-beginners-guide-to-linux-kernel-development-lfd103/. 
  48. ↑ Trofin, Mircea; Qian, Yundi; Brewer, Eugene; Lin, Jing; Zheng, Hongyan; Subramaniam, Karthik; Simon, Douglas; Kaufman, Albert; Teixeira, Edd (2021). "MLGO: a Machine Learning Guided Compiler Optimizations Framework". arXiv:2101.04808 [cs.PL].
  49. ↑ "Algorithm Developer". https://www.careerexplorer.com/careers/algorithm-developer/. 
  50. ↑ Algorithm Engineering: Bridging the Gap Between Algorithm Theory and Practice. Springer. 2010. https://link.springer.com/book/10.1007/978-3-642-14866-8. Retrieved September 15, 2026. 
  51. ↑ "Data engineer". GOV.UK. May 29, 2026. https://ddat-capability-framework.service.gov.uk/role/data-engineer. 
  52. ↑ "15-1243.01 - Data Warehousing Specialists". National Center for O*NET Development. 2026. https://www.onetonline.org/link/summary/15-1243.01. 
  53. ↑ Parmar, Jupinder; Prabhumoye, Shrimai; Jennings, Joseph; Liu, Bo; Jhunjhunwala, Aastha; Wang, Zhilin; Patwary, Mostofa; Shoeybi, Mohammad et al. (2024). "Data, Data Everywhere: A Guide for Pretraining Dataset Construction". Miami, Florida: Association for Computational Linguistics. pp. 10671–10695. https://aclanthology.org/2024.emnlp-main.596/. Retrieved June 26, 2026. 
  54. ↑ "Database Administrators and Architects". U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics. August 28, 2025. https://www.bls.gov/ooh/computer-and-information-technology/database-administrators.htm. 
  55. ↑ "19-1029.01 - Bioinformatics Scientists". National Center for O*NET Development. 2026. https://www.onetonline.org/link/summary/19-1029.01. 
  56. ↑ Arvanitou, Elvira-Maria; Ampatzoglou, Apostolos; Chatzigeorgiou, Alexander; Carver, Jeffrey C. (2020). "Software Engineering Practices for Scientific Software Development: A Systematic Mapping Study". arXiv:2010.09914 [cs.SE].
  57. ↑ Goth, Florian; Alves, Renato; Braun, Matthias; Castro, Leyla Jael; Chourdakis, Gerasimos; Christ, Simon; Cohen, Jeremy; Druskat, Stephan et al. (2024). "Foundational Competencies and Responsibilities of a Research Software Engineer". F1000Research 13: 1429. doi:10.12688/f1000research.157778.1. 
  58. ↑ "15-1253.00 - Software Quality Assurance Analysts and Testers". National Center for O*NET Development. 2026. https://www.onetonline.org/link/summary/15-1253.00. 
  59. ↑ "Software Testing Knowledge Area". SFIA Foundation. https://sfia-online.org/en/tools-and-resources/bodies-of-knowledge/swebok-software-engineering-body-of-knowledge/swebok-sfia8-the-guide-to-the-software-engineering-body-of-knowledge. 
  60. ↑ "Certified Tester Advanced Level Test Automation Engineering (CTAL-TAE) v2.0". International Software Testing Qualifications Board. November 8, 2024. https://istqb.org/certifications/certified-tester-advanced-level-test-automation-engineering-ctal-tae-v2-0/. 
  61. ↑ "Development operations (DevOps) engineer". GOV.UK. https://ddat-capability-framework.service.gov.uk/role/development-operations-devops-engineer. 
  62. ↑ Beyer, Betsy; Jones, Chris; Petoff, Jennifer; Murphy, Niall Richard (2016). Site Reliability Engineering: How Google Runs Production Systems. O'Reilly Media. https://sre.google/sre-book/introduction/. Retrieved June 27, 2026. 
  63. ↑ "New and expanded: SFIA 9 - illustrative skills profiles". SFIA Foundation. https://sfia-online.org/en/tools-and-resources/standard-industry-skills-profiles/sfia-9-skills-for-role-families-job-titles. 
  64. ↑ Phillips, Shaun; Zimmermann, Thomas; Bird, Christian (2014). "Understanding and Improving Software Build Teams". Association for Computing Machinery. pp. 735–744. doi:10.1145/2568225.2568274. 
  65. ↑ "Computer and Information Research Scientists". U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics. https://www.bls.gov/ooh/computer-and-information-technology/computer-and-information-research-scientists.htm. 
  66. ↑ "Computer Hardware Engineers". U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics. https://www.bls.gov/ooh/architecture-and-engineering/computer-hardware-engineers.htm. 
  67. ↑ "Software Architecture". Carnegie Mellon University. August 19, 2024. https://www.sei.cmu.edu/software-architecture/. 
  68. ↑ "Welcome to our community!". https://www.writethedocs.org/. 
  69. ↑ "27-3042.00 - Technical Writers". National Center for O*NET Development. 2026. https://www.onetonline.org/link/summary/27-3042.00. 



Retrieved from "https://handwiki.org/wiki/index.php?title=List_of_programming_occupations&oldid=4633923"