Medicine:Bitot's spots
| Bitot's spots | |
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| Other names | ICD10 = E50.1 |
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| Typical location of Bitot's spots | |
Bitot's spots are the buildup of keratin located superficially in the conjunctiva of human's eyes. They can be oval, triangular or irregular in shape. The spots are a sign of vitamin A deficiency and associated with drying of the cornea. In 1863, the French physician Pierre Bitot (1822–1888) first described these spots.[1] The spots may abate under replacement therapy.[2] In ancient Egypt, this was treated with animal liver, which is where vitamin A is stored.[3]
Causes
Major cause of Bitot's spot is vitamin A deficiency (VAD).[4] Rarely, pellagra due to deficiency of vitamin B3 (niacin) may also cause Bitot's spots.[5] can also be caused by Colestyramine , which is a bile acid sequestrant which can reduce the absorption of fat soluble vitamins (Vitamins A, D, E, K)
Treatment
VAD is commonly treated with oral vitamin A supplements.[6] Improvement of Bitot's spots is seen with high-dose vitamin A therapy.[7] Bitot's spots non-responsive to vitamin A therapy may be removed surgically.[8]
References
- ↑ Shukla, M; Behari, K (Jul 1979). "Congenital Bitot spots.". Indian Journal of Ophthalmology 27 (2): 63–4. PMID 541036. http://www.ijo.in/article.asp?issn=0301-4738;year=1979;volume=27;issue=2;spage=63;epage=64;aulast=Shukla.
- ↑ Ram, Jagat; Jinagal, Jitender (2018). "Bitot's Spots". New England Journal of Medicine 379 (9): 869. doi:10.1056/NEJMicm1715354. PMID 30157394.
- ↑ Numitor, Gerd (February 2012). Bitot's Spots. Flu Press. ISBN 978-620-0-57824-2. https://books.google.com/books?id=3yq6tgAACAAJ.
- ↑ Gilbert, Clare (2013). "The eye signs of vitamin A deficiency". Community Eye Health 26 (84): 66–67. ISSN 0953-6833. PMID 24782581.
- ↑ Levine, Robert A.; Rabb, Maurice F. (1 November 1971). "Bitot's Spot Overlying a Pinguecula" (in en). Archives of Ophthalmology 86 (5): 525–528. doi:10.1001/archopht.1971.01000010527007. PMID 5315641. https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jamaophthalmology/article-abstract/630394.
- ↑ "Vitamin A Deficiency Treatment & Management: Medical Care, Consultations, Diet". 9 November 2019. https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/126004-treatment#:~:text=Treatment%20for%20subclinical%20VAD%20includes,%2D%20600%20mcg%20(2000%20IU).
- ↑ "Management of Bitot's Spots" (in en). 1 December 2016. https://www.aao.org/eyenet/article/management-of-bitot-s-spots.
- ↑ Themes, U. F. O. (11 September 2016). "Bitot's Spots". https://entokey.com/bitots-spots/#:~:text=For%20patients%20who%20are%20nonresponsive,remove%20these%20unsightly%20conjunctival%20spots..
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