Medicine:Hodophobia
| Hodophobia | |
|---|---|
| Other names | Fear of travel |
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| Specialty | Psychiatry |
| Symptoms | intense, persistent anxiety with thoughts of travel and/or during travels[1] |
| Duration | persistent, typically lasting for 6 months or more[1] |
| Differential diagnosis | Separation anxiety, Posttraumatic stress disorder, Major depressive disorder[1] |
| Treatment | Exposure Therapy, Cognitive Behavioral Therapy[1] |
Hodophobia is an irrational fear, or phobia, of travel.[2][3]
Hodophobia should not to be confused with travel aversion.[4][5]
Acute anxiety provoked by travel can be treated with anti-anxiety medication.[6][7] The condition can be treated with exposure therapy, which works better when combined with cognitive behavioral therapy.[6][7]
Signs and symptoms
People with fear of traveling experience intense, persistent fear or anxiety when they think about traveling and/or during travel.[8][9] They will avoid travel if they can, and the fear, anxiety, and avoidance cause significant distress and impair their ability to function.[8][9]
Related phobias
- Fear of flying
- Driving phobia
- Fear of trains
- Thalassophobia - phobia of sea travel
- Agoraphobia - fear of leaving safe places
Cause
The causes of hodophobia and the mechanisms by which it is maintained are often complex, as with many phobias.[8][10]
Diagnosis
The diagnosis is clinical.[8] It is often difficult to determine if the specific phobia of hodophobia should be the primary diagnosis, or if it is a symptom of a generalized anxiety disorder or another anxiety disorder.[8][11]
Classification
Hodophobia is a specific phobia as classified in the DSM-5.[12]
Management
Acute anxiety caused by travel can be treated with anti-anxiety medication.[6][7] The condition can also be treated with exposure therapy which works better when combined with cognitive behavioral therapy.[6][7][13] Relaxation techniques and education can also be helpful in combination with other approaches.[9][13][14]
Society and culture
Sigmund Freud, the famous neurologist and the founder of psychoanalysis, confessed in a number of letters that he suffered from fear of travel.[15] He used the term "Reiseangst" for it, which means "travel anxiety" or "fear of travel" in the German language.[16] However Freud's anxiety was not a "true" phobia.[16]
See also
- Specific phobia
- List of phobias
Other travel-related disorders include:
- Travel sickness in humans
- Transport tetany in animals
References
- ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 1.3 American Psychiatric Association (2013), Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (5th ed.), Arlington: American Psychiatric Publishing, pp. 217–221, 938, ISBN 978-0890425558, https://archive.org/details/diagnosticstatis0005unse/page/217
- ↑ multiple sources
- Sutherland, Stuart (1991-06-18). Macmillan Dictionary of Psychology. pp. 189–190. ISBN 978-0-333-55313-8. https://books.google.com/books?id=Up2vCwAAQBAJ&q=dictionary+hodophobia&pg=PA190. Retrieved 7 June 2018.
- Comer, Ronald J. (2010). Abnormal psychology (7th ed.). New York: Worth Publishers. p. 138. ISBN 978-1-4292-1631-9. https://archive.org/details/abnormalpsycholo00come_914.
- "Oxford Dictionary: Hodophobia". https://en.oxforddictionaries.com/explore/phobias-list/.
- "FreeDictionary.com: definition of Hodophobia". https://www.thefreedictionary.com/hodophobia.
- "CommonPhobias: Hodophobia". http://common-phobias.com/Hodo/phobia.htm.
- "HealthCentral: Hodophobia". https://www.healthcentral.com/article/hodophobia-the-fear-of-traveling.
- "Psychologenie - list of specific phobias". https://psychologenie.com/list-of-all-phobias-their-meanings.
- ↑ "healthcentral: Hodophobia - The fear of traveling". https://www.healthcentral.com/article/hodophobia-the-fear-of-traveling.
- ↑ "WebMD_The Fear Factor: Phobias". WebMD. https://www.webmd.com/anxiety-panic/features/fear-factor-phobias.
- ↑ "EscapeTheIvoryTower: The difference between fear and aversion". http://www.escapetheivorytower.com/2012/07/the-difference-between-fear-and-aversion/.
- ↑ 6.0 6.1 6.2 6.3 "Huffington Post: You Won't Believe What Could Cure Your Fear of Flying". Huffington Post. 2014-01-06. https://www.huffingtonpost.com/peter-greenberg/you-wont-believe-what-cou_b_4537567.html.
- ↑ 7.0 7.1 7.2 7.3 "PsychologyToday: Anti-Anxiety Medication and Flying". https://www.psychologytoday.com/us/blog/conquer-fear-flying/201407/anti-anxiety-medication-and-flying.
- ↑ 8.0 8.1 8.2 8.3 8.4 An Unusual Case of Phobia: Hodophobia (Volume 4, Issue 2, No. 95 ed.). International Journal of Indian Psychology. 2017. pp. ISSN:2349-3429 (p). ISBN 978-1-365-84231-3. http://www.ijip.in/Archive/v4i2/18.01.169.20170402.pdf. Retrieved 2018-06-25.
- ↑ 9.0 9.1 9.2 "HealthCentral: Hodophobia". https://www.healthcentral.com/article/hodophobia-the-fear-of-traveling.
- ↑ Bozman, Edward. "CommonPhobias - Hodophobia". http://common-phobias.com/Hodo/phobia.htm.
- ↑ "From Fear To There: What is hodophobia?". https://www.fromfeartothere.com/what-is-hodophobia/.
- ↑ *"CommonPhobias: Hodophobia". http://common-phobias.com/Hodo/phobia.htm. *"Theravive: Specific Phobia DSM-5 300.29". https://www.theravive.com/therapedia/specific-phobia-dsm--5-300.29-(icd--10--cm-multiple-codes). *"UPenn: Specific Phobias". https://www.med.upenn.edu/ctsa/phobias_symptoms.html.
- ↑ 13.0 13.1 "Psycom - specific phobias". https://www.psycom.net/anxiety-specific-phobias/.
- ↑ "Calm Clinic - Introduction to Travel Anxiety: Causes and Cures". https://www.calmclinic.com/anxiety/types/travel.
- ↑ Bulletin of the Menninger Clinic, Volumes 16-18, p. 73
- ↑ 16.0 16.1 Paul C. Vitz, Sigmund Freud's Christian Unconscious, . 25
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