Medicine:Poppy seed test
| Poppy seed test | |
|---|---|
| Medical diagnostics | |
| Purpose | to determine if vesicointestinal fistula or colovesical fistula |
In medicine, the poppy seed test is a diagnostic test used before surgery to predict if surgery will find a vesicointestinal fistula or colovesical fistula (an abnormal direct pathway between the colon and urinary bladder) or other type of vesicointestinal fistula.[1]
Method
The test is very simple. The patient is fed 1.25 ounces of poppy seeds with 12 ounces of fluid or 6 ounces of yogurt. The patient's urine is then collected for the next 48 hours and examined for poppy seeds. If a poppy seed is found in the urine, the patient has a colovesical or related fistula.[2]
The test is very accurate. In a series of 49 patients who underwent surgery for colovesical fistula due to sigmoid diverticulitis, the poppy seed test gave a correct diagnosis more often than abdominopelvic computerized tomography, magnetic resonance tomography of the abdomen, cystogram, retrograde colonic enema, urethrocystoscopy, and colonoscopy.[3] In a series of 20 patients in the United States, the poppy seed test was significantly more accurate than computed tomography.[4] In these two series, respectively, sensitivity of the test was 94.6% and 100%. Because of the physical nature of the test, specificity of the test is necessarily 100%.[5]
The test is very inexpensive. In the United States, it has been reported to cost under 6 dollars and two orders of magnitude less than computed tomography.[4]
The test was first described in the English medical literature in 2001, by a group of urologists in Germany. From 1994 to 1999, they gave 250 grams (8.8 oz) of poppy seeds to a series of 17 patients, then examined the patients' urine for two days. The test results were correct for all patients: 11 patients with fistulas did pass poppy seeds in their urine and 6 patients without fistulas did not pass poppy seeds.[6]
References
- ↑ Le, Khang Duy Ricky; Haycock, Shasha; Wang, Annie Jiao; Yeaman, Leslie (2024-10-21). "Reviving the poppy seed test for the diagnosis of colovesical fistula: A case report from a single rural center experience" (in en). Clinical Case Reports 12 (10). doi:10.1002/ccr3.9500. ISSN 2050-0904.
- ↑ Stephen W. Leslie (2009). Urology Board Review. Pearls of Wisdom (3 ed.). McGraw Hill Professional. pp. 521. ISBN 978-0-07-160583-0. https://books.google.com/books?id=bveKbQBqmOwC&pg=PT522.
- ↑ "Diagnosis and surgical management of colovesical fistulas due to sigmoid diverticulitis". The Journal of Urology 182 (3): 978–82. September 2009. doi:10.1016/j.juro.2009.05.022. PMID 19616793.
- ↑ 4.0 4.1 "The poppy seed test for colovesical fistula: big bang, little bucks!". The Journal of Urology 179 (4): 1425–7. April 2008. doi:10.1016/j.juro.2007.11.085. PMID 18289575.
- ↑ Kwon, Eric O.; Armenakas, Noel A.; Scharf, Stephen C.; Panagopoulos, Georgia; Fracchia, John A. (2008-04-04). "The poppy seed test for colovesical fistula: big bang, little bucks!". The Journal of Urology 179 (4): 1425–1427. doi:10.1016/j.juro.2007.11.085. ISSN 1527-3792. PMID 18289575.
- ↑ "Oral intake of poppy seed: a reliable and simple method for diagnosing vesico-enteric fistula". The Journal of Urology 166 (2): 530–1. August 2001. doi:10.1016/S0022-5347(05)65976-9. PMID 11458060.
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