Medicine:Timeline of Minamata disease

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Short description: Timeline of events related to the Minamata-disease


The following is a timeline of key events related to Minamata disease:

Date Event
1908 Nichitsu opens a chemical factory in Minamata
1932 Acetaldehyde production using a mercury catalyst begins
1945 Japan is defeated in World War II. The Allied occupying forces order the dismissal of Nichitsu
1950 Shin Nichitsu is founded as the successor to the old company
August 1951 The co-catalysed was changed from manganese dioxide to ferric sulfide resulting in side production of methylmercury
1956
1 May Company hospital director Hajime Hosokawa reports the discovery of Minamata disease
24 August Kumamoto University research group formed
4 November Kumamoto University research group reports initial suspicion of a heavy metal poisoning, presumably through eating contaminated fish
1958
March United Kingdom neurologist Douglas McAlpine suggests that Minamata disease symptoms resemble those of organic mercury poisoning
September Shin Nichitsu changes the acetaldehyde plant wastewater discharge route from Minamata Bay to Minamata River
1959
February Investigations of Minamata Bay uncover shocking mercury contamination
29 August Mediated compensation agreement between Chisso and the Minamata Fishing Cooperative for damage to fishing
21 October Shin Nichitsu changes the acetaldehyde plant wastewater discharge route back from Minamata River to Minamata Bay
2 November Members of the Kumamoto Prefectural Alliance of Fishing Cooperatives invade the Minamata factory and riot, causing damage amounting to JPY10 million
12 November The Ministry of Health and Welfare reports that "Minamata disease is a poisoning disease... caused by the consumption of large quantities of fish and shellfish living in Minamata Bay and its surroundings, the major causative agent being some sort of organic mercury compound."
17 December Mediated compensation agreement between Chisso and the Kumamoto Prefectural Alliance of Fishing Cooperatives for damage to fishing
29 December Mediated compensation agreement between Chisso and the Minamata Disease Patients Families Mutual Aid Society
29 November 1962 18 children are certified as the first congenital Minamata disease victims
1965
1 January Shin Nichitsu changes its name to the Chisso Corporation
12 June The outbreak of a second Minamata disease in Niigata Prefecture is made public
1968
March Niigata patients file a lawsuit against Showa Denko
26 September The national government issues an official conclusion as to the cause of Minamata disease and Niigata Minamata disease
1969
14 June Litigation Group of the Mutual Aid Society files a lawsuit against Chisso in the Kumamoto District Court
1970
4 July Hajime Hosokawa testifies from his deathbed about his cat experiments in the Litigation Group trial
27 May Arbitrated compensation agreement between Chisso and the Arbitration Group of the Mutual Aid Society
1971
29 September Showa Denko found guilty of negligence; Niigata patients win compensation
1972
1973
20 March Chisso found guilty of negligence; Litigation Group patients win compensation
1977 A net is installed around Minamata Bay to prevent toxic sludge and fish from contaminating other areas
1 September 1997 The net surrounding Minamata Bay is removed and fish caught there are declared safe to eat
15 October 2004 The Supreme Court of Japan rules that the national government was responsible for not preventing the spread of Minamata disease after 1960

References

  • "Minamata Disease: The History and Measures", The Ministry of the Environment, (2002), retrieved 17 January 2007
  • "Minamata Disease Archives" by the National Institute for Minamata Disease, retrieved 29 October 2006
  • Harada, Masazumi. (1972). Minamata Disease. Kumamoto Nichinichi Shinbun Centre & Information Center/Iwanami Shoten Publishers. ISBN:4-87755-171-9 C3036
  • George, S. Timothy. (2001). Minamata: Pollution and the Struggle for Democracy in Postwar Japan. Harvard University Press. ISBN:0-674-00785-9
  • Ui, Jun. (1992). Industrial Pollution in Japan. United Nations University Press. ISBN:92-808-0548-7. Chapter 4, section IV
  • Smith, W. E. and Smith, A. M. (1975). Minamata. Chatto & Windus, Ltd. (London), ISBN:0-7011-2131-9

Further reading

  • Oiwa, Keibo. (2001). Rowing the Eternal Sea: The Story of a Minamata Fisherman. Rowman & Littlefield Publishers. ISBN:0-7425-0021-7
  • Steingraber, Sandra. (2001). Having Faith: An Ecologist Journey to Motherhood. Perseus Publishing. ISBN:0-425-18999-6
  • Approaches to Water Pollution Control, Minamata City, Kumamoto Prefecture
  • Allchin, Douglas. The Poisoning of Minamata
  • Sung about in the Alt. group Bush's "Disease of the Dancing Cats"
  • Referenced as background in the 1979 horror film Prophecy
  • Saito, Hisashi. (2009). Niigata Minamata Disease: Methyl Mercury Poisoning in Niigata, Japan. Niigata Nippo.
  • Walker, Brett. (2010) "Toxic Archipelago: A History of Industrial Disease in Japan." University of Washington Press. ISBN:0-295-98954-8
  • Ishimure, Michiko (2003). Paradise in the Sea of Sorrow: Our Minimata Disease. Michigan Classics in Japanese Studies.

External links



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