Organization:Constitutional Democratic Party of Japan

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Short description: Japanese political party
<div style="padding-top:0.3em; padding-bottom:0.3em; border-top:2px solid Script error: No such module "Political party".; border-bottom:2px solid Script error: No such module "Political party".; line-height: 1;">
Constitutional Democratic Party of Japan

立憲民主党
Rikken-minshutō
AbbreviationCDP or CDPJ
LeaderKenta Izumi
Deputy LeaderSeiji Osaka
Secretary-GeneralKatsuya Okada
Chairman of the Policy BureauAkira Nagatsuma
FounderYukio Edano
Founded3 October 2017; 6 years ago (2017-10-03)
15 September 2020; 3 years ago (2020-09-15)[lower-alpha 1]
Merger of
  • Democratic Party for the People (majority)
  • Social Democratic Party (majority)
Split fromDemocratic Party (2016)[lower-alpha 1]
Preceded byConstitutional Democratic Party of Japan[lower-alpha 1]
Headquarters2-12-4 Fuji Building 3F, Hirakawa-chō,
Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo 102-0093, Japan
NewspaperRikken-minshu[4]
Youth wingRikkenYouth[5]
Membership (2021)100,267[6]
Ideology
Political positionCentre to centre-left
International affiliationCouncil of Asian Liberals and Democrats (observer)
Colors<span style="background-color:Script error: No such module "Political party".; color:; border:1px solid darkgray; text-align:center;">     Blue[7]
Slogan人へ 未来へ まっとうな政治へ
Hitoe Miraie Mattouna Seijie[8]
("For people, for the future, for honest politics.")
Councillors
38 / 248
<div style="background-color: Script error: No such module "Political party".; width: 15%; height: 100%;">
Representatives
95 / 465
<div style="background-color: Script error: No such module "Political party".; width: 20%; height: 100%;">
Prefectural assembly members
37 / 2,598
<div style="background-color: Script error: No such module "Political party".; width: 1%; height: 100%;">
Municipal assembly members[9]
1,271 / 32,430
<div style="background-color: Script error: No such module "Political party".; width: 4%; height: 100%;">
Election symbol
新・立憲民主党 ロゴ.svg
Website

The Constitutional Democratic Party of Japan (立憲民主党, Rikken-minshutō, CDP[10] or CDPJ[11]) is a liberal[12] political party in Japan. It is the primary centre-left party in Japan,[13][14] and as of 2024 is the second largest party in the National Diet behind the ruling Liberal Democratic Party.[15]

It was founded in October 2017 as a split from the Democratic Party ahead of the 2017 general election.[13] In late 2020, the party was re-founded following a merger with majorities of the Democratic Party for the People and the Social Democratic Party as well as some independent lawmakers.

The party's platform supports raising the minimum wage, expanded welfare policies, the legalization of same-sex marriage, increased gender equality, abortion rights,[16] renewable energy policies, decentralization, a multilateral foreign policy, the revision of the U.S.–Japan Status of Forces Agreement, tax reform and electoral reform. [17] The party strongly opposes efforts to amend the Japanese Constitution to reinterpret Article 9 or codify the status of the Japan Self-Defense Forces and also opposes nuclear power.

History

The first CDP headquarters in Hirakawa-chō, Tokyo.

Formation and 2017 election

Alternative CDPJ logo

The party was formed in the run up to the 2017 general election from a split of the centre-left wing of the opposition Democratic Party (DP).[18][19][20][21] Prior to the election on 28 September 2017, the DP House of Representatives caucus dissolved in order for party members to stand as candidates for Tokyo governor Yuriko Koike's Party of Hope or as independents in the upcoming election.[22]

The new party was launched on 2 October 2017 by DP deputy leader Yukio Edano at a press conference in Tokyo for liberals and left-leaning members of the DP who do not wish to, or were rejected for, contesting the election as candidates for the Party of Hope.[23][24]

On 3 October 2017, it was announced that the new party would not contest seats where former Democrats were running as Party of Hope candidates,[25] a gesture which was not returned when the Party of Hope ran a candidate in Edano's incumbent district. The Japanese Communist Party (JCP), in turn, pulled their own candidate from running in Edano's district so as to not take away votes from him.[26] The party won a total of 55 seats,[20] becoming the leading opposition party and leading the pacifist bloc (including the JCP and Social Democratic Party) to become the largest opposition bloc.

In July 2020, the CDP became an observer affiliate of the Council of Asian Liberals and Democrats.[27]

2020 merger and refoundation

The second CDP headquarters in Nagata-chō, Tokyo.

On 19 August 2020, the CDP announced that it would merge with the majority of the Democratic Party for the People (DPP) as well as some independent Diet members in September of that year.[28]

On 10 September 2020, the new party elected Edano as leader and also voted to retain the CDP name.[29] Following the merger, the new CDP had a total of 149 members and held 107 seats in the House of Representatives, compared to 156 members and 96 seats held by the Democratic Party in 2016. The independents who joined the CDP in this merger included former Prime Minister Yoshihiko Noda. Several conservative DPP members, including DPP president Yuichiro Tamaki, did not join the CDP and instead continued to lead a rump DPP independent of the CDP.[30][15]

On 14 November 2020, the Social Democratic Party (SDP) voted to agree to a merger arrangement with the CDP, allowing SDP members to leave the party and join the CDP.[31] However, SDP leader Mizuho Fukushima was opposed to the merger agreement and as a result remained in the Social Democratic Party.[31]

The CDP contested the 2021 general election in an electoral pact co-operating with the JCP, Reiwa Shinsengumi and continuing DPP and SDP parties in fielding single opposition candidates in single-seat constituencies.[32] Edano resigned as party leader following the election on 2 November 2021, due to poorer than expected electoral results in which the CDP fell from 110 to 96 seats.[33][34]

Kenta Izumi was elected as the leader of the CDP in the 2021 Constitutional Democratic Party of Japan leadership election on 30 November 2021. Formerly a member of the DPP, he said that the two parties are regarded by the public as "close" and "thought to be like brothers" and "expressed support for a tie-up" between the two.[39]

Ideology and platform

The CDP has been described as liberal[40][12] and social-liberal,[41] and in favour of constitutionalism.[42] The party has also been described as progressive[43][44] and centre-left,[20][19][45] and following its enlargement in 2020 has variously been described as liberal,[30] centrist,[46] or centre-left.[13][14] Within the CDP, as with its predecessor the Democratic Party of Japan, there are conservative politicians,[lower-alpha 2] as well as politicians from social-democratic backgrounds.[47][48][49]

At launch in 2017, the CDP opposed the proposed revision of Article 9 of Japan's postwar constitution.[20][50][51] The party supports the phasing out of nuclear energy in Japan,[52] and government investment in renewable energy.[53] The party does not support the legalization and maintenance of casinos.[54] The party also supports "building a society that supports each other and makes full use of individuality and creativity."[55][56] In their 2017 political programme, the party expressed support for grassroots democracy and diplomatic pacifism.[57] The CDP has expressed negative views about the Statue of Peace and has called on the South Korean government to remove the Statue of Peace.[58][failed verification]

In 2019, the party pledged to support LGBT rights and the legalization of same-sex marriage in Japan,[59] and in March 2023, promoted a parliamentary bill for Japan to legally recognise such couplings.[60]

The party supported a freeze in the increase of the consumption tax as of 2017,[61][62] and supports a temporary consumption tax cut as of 2020, along with higher taxes on corporations and wealthy individuals.[15] In the run-up to the 2021 general election, party leader Edano stated his party's support for redistribution of wealth.[63] The 2021 election platform also offered support for progressive taxation, a pledge for additional welfare payments for citizens on low incomes, and raising the capital gains tax rate to 25% by 2023.[64]

Leadership

As of September 5, 2023.[65][66][67][68]

Position Name
Leader Kenta Izumi
Acting leader Seiji Osaka
Chinami Nishimura
Deputy leader Vacant
Secretary-General Katsuya Okada
Chairman of the Policy Bureau Akira Nagatsuma
Election Campaign Committee chief Hiroshi Ogushi
Diet Affairs Committee chief Jun Azumi
Joint House General Council chief Ryūhei Kawada

List of the Leaders

No. Leader
(birth–death) 		Constituency Took office Left office Election results Prime Minister (term)
Split from: Democratic Party (2016) (centre-left)
1 Yukio Edano
(b. 1964) 		Yukio Edano In front of Tenjin Twin Building (2020.10.18).jpg Rep for Saitama 5th 3 October 2017 14 September 2020
2017
Unopposed
 Abe S. 2012–20
Merger of: Democratic Party for the People (centre-right; majority faction) ＆ Some Independents Group
1 Yukio Edano
(b. 1964) 		Yukio Edano In front of Tenjin Twin Building (2020.10.18).jpg Rep for Saitama 5th 15 September 2020 12 November 2021
Yukio Edano – 107
Kenta Izumi – 42
 Abe S. 2012–20
Suga 2020–21
Kishida 2021–present
2 Kenta Izumi
(b. 1974) 		Kenta Izumi 2022.jpg Rep for Kyoto 3rd 30 November 2021 Incumbent
2021 1st Round
Kenta Izumi – 189
Seiji Osaka – 148
Junya Ogawa – 133
Chinami Nishimura – 102
2021 2nd Round
Kenta Izumi – 205
Seiji Osaka – 128

Election results

House of Representatives

House of Representatives
Election Leader No. of
candidates 		Seats Position Constituency votes PR Block votes Status
No. ± Share No. Share No. Share
2017 Yukio Edano 78
55 / 465
<div style="background-color: Script error: No such module "Political party".; width: 12%; height: 100%;">
 11.8% 2nd 4,852,097 8.75% 11,084,890 19.88% Opposition
Merger of: Democratic Party for the People (centre-right; majority faction) ＆ Some Independents Group (2020)
2021 Yukio Edano 240
96 / 465
<div style="background-color: Script error: No such module "Political party".; width: 21%; height: 100%;">
 20.6% 2nd 17,215,621 29.96% 11,492,095 20.00% Opposition

House of Councillors

House of Councillors
Election Leader No. of
candidates 		Seats Position Constituency votes Party list votes Status
Won ± Share Not up Total[lower-alpha 4] No. Share No. Share
2019 Yukio Edano 42
17 / 124
<div style="background-color: Script error: No such module "Political party".; width: 14%; height: 100%;">
 13.7% 15
32 / 245
<div style="background-color: Script error: No such module "Political party".; width: 13%; height: 100%;">
 2nd 7,951,430 15.79% 7,917,720 15.81% Opposition
Merger of: Democratic Party for the People (centre-right; majority faction) ＆ Some Independents Group (2020)
2022 Kenta Izumi 51
17 / 125
<div style="background-color: Script error: No such module "Political party".; width: 14%; height: 100%;">
 13.6% 22
39 / 248
<div style="background-color: Script error: No such module "Political party".; width: 16%; height: 100%;">
 2nd 8,154,330 15.33% 6,771,914 12.77% Opposition

See also

  • Liberalism in Japan
  • List of liberal parties
  • Japan Socialist Party, it was the main opposition party in the "1955 System" against the LDP until the 1990s.
    • Right Socialist Party of Japan
    • Japan New Party
  • Democratic Party of Japan

Notes

  1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 The "old CDP" was founded on 3 October 2017[1] as a split from the Democratic Party and dissolved on 14 September 2020,[2] while the current party was founded on 15 September 2020[3] as a merger of the old CDP, the majority of the Democratic Party for the People and some independent lawmakers.
  2. ↑ Most conservative factions within the CDP are moderate conservatives, but some CDP members belong to ultra-conservative Nippon Kaigi (ex: Hirofumi Ryu and Shū Watanabe).
  3. ↑ Held after the merger with the Democratic Party for the People.
  4. ↑ The Upper house is split in two classes, one elected every three years.

References

  1. ↑ "政治資金規正法に基づく政治団体の届出" (in ja). 3 October 2017. https://www.soumu.go.jp/main_content/000511048.pdf. 
  2. ↑ "政治資金規正法及び政党助成法に基づく政党の解散の届出" (in ja). 14 September 2020. https://www.soumu.go.jp/main_content/000706849.pdf. 
  3. ↑ "政治資金規正法に基づく政治団体の届出" (in ja). 15 September 2020. https://www.soumu.go.jp/main_content/000706856.pdf. 
  4. ↑ "Error: no |title= specified when using {{Cite web}}" (in ja). https://cdp-japan.jp/form/party-organ. 
  5. ↑ "りっけんユース" (in ja). https://cdp-japan.jp/rikken-youth. 
  6. ↑ "【公告】立憲民主党代表選挙2021 有権者数に関する公告". 立憲民主党. 2021-11-16. https://cdp-japan.jp/news/20211116_2573. Retrieved 2021-11-16. 
  7. ↑ (in ja). Nikkei, Inc.. 21 October 2017. https://r.nikkei.com/article/DGXMZO22461210Z11C17A0000000.+"立憲民主党は青だ。 [Constitutional Democratic Party is blue.]" 
  8. ↑ "代表メッセージ - 立憲民主党". https://cdp-japan.jp/message. 
  9. ↑ Ministry of Internal Affairs and Communications, party membership statistics for chief executives and assembly members in prefectures and municipalities: Prefectural and local assembly members and governors/mayors by political party as of 31 December 2021
  10. ↑ "Japan's ruling camp nervous about opposition unity as election looms" (in en-US). 16 October 2021. https://www.japantimes.co.jp/news/2021/10/16/national/politics-diplomacy/ldp-nervous-opposition/. 
  11. ↑ "Japan PM: new disease command centre may come after pandemic" (in en). Reuters. 18 October 2021. https://www.reuters.com/world/us/heads-japan-major-parties-hold-debate-ahead-key-election-2021-10-18/. 
  12. ↑ 12.0 12.1 12.2 "Izumi elected leader of Japan's main opposition in runoff vote". The Mainichi. 30 November 2021. https://mainichi.jp/english/articles/20211130/p2g/00m/0na/056000c. 
  13. ↑ 13.0 13.1 13.2 Arthur Stockwin (2023). The Failure of Political Opposition in Japan: Implications for Democracy and a Vision of the Future. Taylor & Francis. p. 97. ISBN 9781000593747. https://books.google.co.uk/books?id=G2qLEAAAQBAJ&pg=PT97. 
  14. ↑ 14.0 14.1

    Amory Gethin (16 November 2021). "Political Cleavages and the Representation of Social Inequalities in Japan, 1953-2017". Political Cleavages and Social Inequalities: A Study of Fifty Democracies, 1948-2020. Harvard University Press. p. 358. ISBN 978-0-67-424842-7. https://books.google.com/books?id=m2pCEAAAQBAJ&pg=PA358. 

  15. ↑ 15.0 15.1 15.2 Kuronuma, Susumu (11 September 2020). "Japan's fractured opposition unites as party of 140-plus lawmakers" (in en-GB). https://asia.nikkei.com/Politics/Japan-after-Abe/Japan-s-fractured-opposition-unites-as-party-of-140-plus-lawmakers. 
  16. ↑ "中絶に「配偶者同意」が必要なのは11か国・地域のみ". https://cdp-japan.jp/campaign/gender_equality/fact/006. 
  17. ↑ "立憲民主党基本政策". https://cdp-japan.jp/about/basic-policies. 
  18. ↑ Ian Neary (2019). The State and Politics of Japan (2nd ed.). Polity Press. p. 180. ISBN 978-1-50-953585-9. https://books.google.com/books?id=64-ZDwAAQBAJ&pg=PT106. 
  19. ↑ 19.0 19.1 "New centre-left party launched in Japan ahead of vote". Channel News Asia. 2 October 2017. http://www.channelnewsasia.com/news/asiapacific/new-centre-left-party-launched-in-japan-ahead-of-vote-9271376. 
  20. ↑ 20.0 20.1 20.2 20.3 William D. Hoover, ed (2018). Historical Dictionary of Postwar Japan. Rowman & Littlefield. p. 61. ISBN 978-1-5381-1156-7. https://books.google.com/books?id=jyx1DwAAQBAJ&pg=PA61. 
  21. ↑ "2017 Lower House Election / Edano announces launch of new party of liberals". The Yomiuri Shimbun. http://the-japan-news.com/news/article/0003978833. 
  22. ↑ Yoshida, Reiji (28 September 2017). "Democratic Party effectively disbands, throwing support behind Koike's party for Lower House poll". https://www.japantimes.co.jp/news/2017/09/28/national/politics-diplomacy/abe-dissolves-lower-house-opposition-bands-together/. 
  23. ↑ "Major opposition's liberal wing to form new group". Kyodo News. 2 October 2017. https://english.kyodonews.net/news/2017/10/908513fb14e2-update2-major-oppositions-liberal-wing-to-form-new-group.html. 
  24. ↑ "VOTE 2017: Edano plans to form new party as liberal force in election：The Asahi Shimbun". http://www.asahi.com/ajw/articles/AJ201710020024.html. 
  25. ↑ "Koike's party unveils 1st list of 192 candidates for upcoming election". Japan Today. 4 October 2017. https://japantoday.com/category/politics/update1-koike's-party-unveils-1st-list-of-candidates-for-upcoming-election. 
  26. ↑ "Yukio Edano: Japan's opposition leader to watch". Nikkei Asian Review. 22 October 2017. https://asia.nikkei.com/Spotlight/Japan-s-election/Yukio-Edano-Japan-s-opposition-leader-to-watch. 
  27. ↑ "Japan's Main Opposition Party Joins CALD as Observer". 3 July 2020. http://cald.org/japans-main-opposition-party-joins-cald-as-observer/. 
  28. ↑ "Japan's largest opposition parties to merge in September" (in en). 20 August 2020. http://www.asahi.com/ajw/articles/13652272. 
  29. ↑ Johnston, Eric (10 September 2020). "Yukio Edano elected chief of new CDP, Japan's top opposition party". https://www.japantimes.co.jp/news/2020/09/10/national/politics-diplomacy/yukio-edano-elected-president-cdp/. 
  30. ↑ 30.0 30.1 Robert J. Pekkanen; Steven R. Reed (2022). "The Opposition in 2021: A Second Party and a Third Force". Japan Decides 2021: The Japanese General Election. Springer Nature. p. 66. ISBN 978-3-03-111324-6. https://books.google.com/books?id=zQafEAAAQBAJ&pg=PA66. 
  31. ↑ 31.0 31.1 "Social Democratic Party to split; most Diet members to join CDPJ" (in English). The Japan Times. 25 February 2018. https://www.nikkei.com/article/DGXMZO27373580V20C18A2PE8000/. 
  32. ↑ "CDPJ pays price for opposition cooperation". 2021-11-01. https://the-japan-news.com/news/article/0007941401. Retrieved 2021-12-26. 
  33. ↑ NEWS, KYODO. "Coronavirus pandemic updates: Nov. 6, 2021". https://english.kyodonews.net/news/2021/11/f55c4e0600e7-coronavirus-pandemic-latest-nov-6-2021.html. 
  34. ↑ "CDPJ leader Edano to resign over election setback". The Japan News. 2021-11-02. https://japannews.yomiuri.co.jp/politics/politics-government/20211102-1763/. Retrieved 2021-12-26. 
  35. ↑ "Izumi Elected Japan Opposition CDP's New Leader". Nippon.com. 30 November 2021. https://www.nippon.com/en/news/yjj2021113000740/. 
  36. ↑ Johnston, Eric. "Japan's main opposition party seeks to rebuild under new leader Kenta Izumi". The Japan Times. https://www.japantimes.co.jp/news/2021/11/30/national/politics-diplomacy/cdp-leader-kenta-izumi/. 
  37. ↑ "Japan's largest opposition elects new leader". NHK WORLD News. 30 November 2021. https://www3.nhk.or.jp/nhkworld/en/news/20211130_24/. 
  38. ↑ "Kenta Izumi elected leader of Japan's main opposition in runoff". Nikkei Asia. 30 November 2021. https://asia.nikkei.com/Politics/Kenta-Izumi-elected-leader-of-Japan-s-main-opposition-in-runoff. 
  39. ↑ [35][36][12][37][38]
  40. ↑ "Edano's new liberal party to field more than 50 candidates in Lower House election". 4 October 2017. https://www.japantimes.co.jp/news/2017/10/04/national/politics-diplomacy/yukio-edano-new-party-50-candidates-lower-house-election/#.WdzfUvcpC7M. Retrieved 10 October 2017. 
  41. ↑ Spremberg, Felix (25 November 2020). "How Japan's Left is repeating its unfortunate history". International Politics & Society Journal. https://www.ips-journal.eu/topics/democracy/how-japans-left-is-repeating-its-unfortunate-history-4819/. "The new party programme is still decidedly left-liberal" 
  42. ↑ "Edano to form Constitutional Democratic Party". NHK. 2 October 2017. https://www3.nhk.or.jp/nhkworld/en/news/20171002_23/. 
  43. ↑ Brad Glosserman (2019). Peak Japan: The End of Great Ambitions. Georgetown University Press. p. 180. ISBN 978-1-62-616668-4. https://books.google.com/books?id=60CIDwAAQBAJ&pg=PA180. 
  44. ↑ "Japan opposition parties' failing merger bid offers glimpse into divisions". The Japan Times. 17 January 2020. https://www.japantimes.co.jp/news/2020/01/17/national/politics-diplomacy/japanese-opposition-failing-merger-divisions/#.Xk9n6JUzaUk. 
  45. ↑ "Abe eyes big win as Japan votes under N. Korea threats". France 24. 22 October 2017. https://www.france24.com/en/20171022-abe-eyes-big-win-japan-votes-under-n-korea-threats. 
  46. ↑
  47. ↑ 泉 宏 (2021-12-19). "【点描・永田町】立民・泉新代表の前途多難". 地方行政 (Jiji Press). https://www.jiji.com/amp/article?k=2021121500259&g=pol. Retrieved 2021-12-22. 
  48. ↑ "Editorial: New leader of Japan's opposition CDP faces rocky road to rejuvenate party". The Mainichi. 1 December 2021. https://mainichi.jp/english/articles/20211201/p2a/00m/0op/008000c. "Izumi, 47, is a conservative, centrist young leader" 
  49. ↑ "Social Democratic Party to split; most Diet members to join CDPJ" (in ja). The Nikkei. 25 February 2018. https://www.nikkei.com/article/DGXMZO27373580V20C18A2PE8000/. 
  50. ↑ Yoshida, Reiji (16 October 2017). "Edano taking center stage as CDP gains momentum". https://www.japantimes.co.jp/news/2017/10/16/national/politics-diplomacy/edano-taking-center-stage-cdp-gains-momentum/. 
  51. ↑ Sieg, Linda (17 October 2017). "Underdog centre-left party may outperform expectations in Japan snap poll". Reuters. https://uk.reuters.com/article/uk-japan-election-opposition/underdog-centre-left-party-may-outperform-expectations-in-japan-snap-poll-idUKKBN1CN0BQ?il=0. 
  52. ↑ "2017 Lower House Election / Parties debate whether, when to bring N-plants back online". The Yomiuri Shimbun. 17 October 2017. http://the-japan-news.com/news/article/0004010588. 
  53. ↑ "It's not enough for political parties to merely tout economic catchwords". The Yomiuri Shimbun. 18 October 2017. http://the-japan-news.com/news/article/0004010335. 
  54. ↑ , 28 December 2017, https://cdp-japan.jp/about-cdp/policy/, retrieved 14 January 2018 
  55. ↑ 【ノーカット】党首討論会@日本記者クラブ. 毎日新聞. 8 October 2017. Archived from the original on 21 October 2021. Retrieved 14 November 2021 – via YouTube.
  56. ↑ CDF Pamphlet. https://cdp-japan.jp/teaser/pdf/pamphlet.pdf. Retrieved 28 October 2017. 
  57. ↑ "Error: no |title= specified when using {{Cite web}}". 2017. http://cdp-japan.jp/teaser/pdf/pamphlet.pdf. 
  58. ↑ "화이트리스트 복원도 적반하장…일본 "한국 자세에 달렸다"" (in Korean). Kyunghyang Shinmun. 17 March 2023. https://www.khan.co.kr/world/japan/article/202303172114025. "제1야당인 입헌민주당의 이즈미 겐타 대표는 이날 윤 대통령과 만나 한·일 갈등 현안인 ‘레이더-초계기’ 문제와 소녀상 건립 문제를 언급했다고 밝혔다. 입헌민주당은 그동안 소녀상 철거를 요구해왔다." 
  59. ↑ "Opposition party in Japan pledges to protect LGBT rights". 25 June 2019. https://www.gaystarnews.com/article/opposition-party-in-japan-pledges-to-protect-lgbt-rights/. 
  60. ↑ "Japan opposition party submits bill for same-sex marriage". Mainichi Daily News. 6 March 2023. https://mainichi.jp/english/articles/20230306/p2g/00m/0na/026000c. 
  61. ↑ "Edano's new party may outperform expectations in Sunday's election". Japan Today. 18 October 2017. https://japantoday.com/category/politics/Edano's-new-party-may-outperform-expectations-in-Sunday's-election. 
  62. ↑ "2017 Lower House Election / Voters not impressed". The Economist. 19 October 2017. https://www.economist.com/news/asia/21730463-it-has-realigned-japanese-politics-voters-are-not-impressed-japans-new-opposition-party. 
  63. ↑ "Japan's main opposition calls for 'wealth distribution first' ahead of election". Reuters. 14 October 2021. https://www.reuters.com/world/asia-pacific/japans-main-opposition-calls-wealth-distribution-first-ahead-election-2021-10-14/. 
  64. ↑ "Japan opposition vows to tax the rich in election platform". Kyodo News. 2021-10-11. https://english.kyodonews.net/news/2021/10/92de8cb77493-japan-opposition-vows-to-tax-the-rich-in-election-platform.html. Retrieved 2021-12-26. 
  65. ↑ "役員一覧 - 立憲民主党". Constitutional Democratic Party. 2023-09-05. https://cdp-japan.jp/about/officers. Retrieved 2023-09-14. 
  66. ↑ "ニュース「【両院議員総会】泉「次の内閣」発足　「誰もが活躍できる、わが国を目指していく」と泉代表」 - 立憲民主党". Constitutional Democratic Party. 2022-09-13. https://cdp-japan.jp/news/20220913_4414. Retrieved 2022-09-14. 
  67. ↑ Shunsuke Inoue (2021-12-06). "ジェンダー平等へ、立憲民主党の執行役員は半数が女性　泉氏の公約実現". Tokyo Shimbun. https://www.tokyo-np.co.jp/article/147198. Retrieved 2021-12-09. 
  68. ↑ "立憲、参院執行部人事を決定". The Asahi Shimbun. 2022-07-30. https://www.asahi.com/articles/DA3S15372903.html. Retrieved 2022-08-03. 

External links



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