Organization:Grenoble Alpes University

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Short description: Research university in France
Université Grenoble Alpes
Grenoble-Alpes-logo
Latin: Universitas Gratianopolitana
Former name
University of Grenoble
(1339–1970), UPMF & UJF & Stendhal (1971–2015)
Motto
Veritas Liberabit
Motto in English
Truth shall set you free
TypePublic
Established1339; 685 years ago (1339)
FounderHumbert II of Viennois
Budget€450 million
PresidentYassine Lakhnech[1]
Academic staff
3,000
Administrative staff
2,500
Students60,000[2] (2020)
Location
Cities of Grenoble, Saint-Martin-d'Hères & Gières
,
in France
CampusUrban/College town
432 acres (175 ha)
AffiliationsAurora, EUA, AUF, SGroup
Websitewww.univ-grenoble-alpes.fr

The Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA, French: meaning "Grenoble Alps University") is a public research university and a grand établissement in Grenoble, France. Founded in 1339, it is the third largest university in France with about 60,000 students and over 3,000 researchers.[3]

Established as the University of Grenoble by Humbert II of Viennois, it split in 1970 following the wide-spread civil unrest of May 1968. Three of the University of Grenoble's successors—Joseph Fourier University, Pierre Mendès-France University, and Stendhal University—merged in 2016 to restore the original institution under the name Université Grenoble Alpes. In 2020, the Grenoble Institute of Technology, the Grenoble Institute of Political Studies, and the Grenoble School of Architecture also merged with the original university.

The university is organized around two closely located urban campuses: Domaine Universitaire, which straddles Saint-Martin-d'Hères and Gières, and Campus GIANT in Grenoble. UGA also owns and operates facilities in Valence, Chambéry, Les Houches, Villar-d'Arêne, Mirabel, Échirolles, and La Tronche.[4][5]

The city of Grenoble is one of the largest scientific centers in Europe,[6][7] hosting facilities of every existing public research institution in France. This enables UGA to have hundreds of research and teaching partnerships, including close collaboration with the French National Centre for Scientific Research (CNRS) and the French Alternative Energies and Atomic Energy Commission (CEA). After Paris, Grenoble as a city is the largest research center in France with 22,800 researchers. In April 2019, UGA was selected to host one of the four French institutes in artificial intelligence.[8]

The university has been cited among the best and most innovative universities in Europe.[9][10][11] It is also renowned for its academic research in the humanities and political sciences, hosting some of the largest research centers in France in the fields of political science, urban planning and the sociology of organizations.

History

Early history (1339–1800)

Founder Humbert II of Viennois
First official seal

The University of Grenoble was founded on 12 May 1339 by Humbert II of Viennois, the last independent ruler of Dauphiné, a state of the Holy Roman Empire. Its purpose was to teach civil and canon law, medicine, and the liberal arts.[12] It was considered a leader in the Renaissance revival of the classics and development of liberal arts.[13]

Humbert's actions were inspired by his granduncle Robert, King of Naples, at whose royal court Humbert spent his youth.[14] King Robert, known as the Wise, skillfully developed Naples from a small port into a lavish city and had a reputation of a cultured man and a generous patron of the arts, friends with such great minds as Petrarch, Boccaccio, and Giotto.[15][14]

Such rich experience contributed to Humbert's intention to create a university in his own state, and to do so he visited Pope Benedict XII to get a papal bull of approval.

University Palace, now IUT Grenoble 1

Humbert cared deeply about his students, offering generous aid, protection, and even providing a hundred of them with free housing.[16] Humbert's financial losses during the Smyrniote crusades, Black Death, and Dauphiné's attachment to France greatly decreased the activity of the university leading to its closure, since a small mountainous town could not support its activity on its own.[14]

It was reopened again by Louis XI of France in 1475 in Valence under the name University of Valence, while the original university was restored in Grenoble in 1542 by Francis de Bourbon, Count of St. Pol.[17] The two universities were finally reunited in 1565. At that point Grenoble was an important center of law practice in France, thus law practice was at the center of the university education.[18]

The French Revolution , with its focus on the end to inherited privilege, led to the suppression of most universities in France. To revolutionaries, universities embodied bastions of corporatism and established interests. Moreover, lands owned by the universities represented a source of wealth and therefore were confiscated, just as property possessed by the Church.

Modern period (1800–1968)

Changing university logos
Université de Grenoble (1339-1970)
Université Grenoble Alpes (since 2020)

In 1805–1808, Napoleon reestablished faculties of law, letters, and science. The Bourbon Restoration had temporarily suppressed the Faculty of Letters and the Faculty of Law, but by the 1850s the university's activity had begun rapidly developing again.[19]

The development of the sciences at the university was spearheaded by the transformation of Grenoble from a regional center to a major supplier of industrial motors and electrical equipment in 1880s.[19] The faculties were formally inaugurated as the University of Grenoble in 1879 in the newly constructed Place de Verdun.[20] There were around 3000 students in 1930. Significant enrollment growth in the 1960s created pressures on the academic infrastructure of the university; the Suzanne Dobelmann library helped expand facilities, especially those relating to science and medicine.[21]

Recent history (1968–present)

In the aftermath of the May 1968 events in France and the Faure law (fr), many French universities were subdivided by both area of study and political ideology between 1968 and 1971.[22][23][24][25][lower-alpha 1] As part of this trend, the University of Grenoble was separated into four specialized institutions:

  • Grenoble 2: Université des sciences sociales de Grenoble [University of Social Sciences of Grenoble], renamed Université Pierre Mendès France around 1990.[lower-alpha 2]
  • Grenoble 3: Université des langues et lettres de Grenoble [University of Languages and Letters of Grenoble] renamed Stendhal University about 1987
  • Institut national polytechnique de Grenoble, later Institut polytechnique de Grenoble [Grenoble Institute of Technology] or Grenoble INP.
Part of the ex-UPMF facilities

Starting 2013, a movement began towards reunification of universities in Grenoble. Joseph Fourier University, Pierre Mendès-France University, and Stendhal University merged on 1 January 2016 under the name of the Université Grenoble Alpes.[26]

On 1 January 2020, the Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble-INP), the Grenoble Institute of Political Studies, the ENSAG School of Architecture, and the Community Université Grenoble Alpes merged with the University Grenoble Alpes.[27]

In November 2023, the French Parliament granted the university the status of grand établissement.[28]

Campus

UGA facilities are mainly located in the Grenoble Agglomeration, centered around the Domaine Universitaire campus, GIANT campus, and La Tronche medical campus. However, there are many facilities that are located in other places in and outside of Grenoble, including the Valence campus and an important number of laboratories and research centres.

Domaine Universitaire (Grenoble)

Domaine Universitaire

The Domaine Universitaire, also known as the University Campus and Campus de Saint-Martin-d'Hères, is the main UGA campus covering an area of 175 hectares. It is an autonomous part of the Grenoble-Alpes Métropole agglomeration and a part of Saint-Martin-d'Hères commune. The Domaine Universitaire hosts the majority of educational facilities and a significant portion of research laboratories of the university. Olivier-Clément Cacoub designed the science library, the administrative building of the science faculty and the large Louis-Weil amphitheater.

The Domaine Universitaire campus has a distinct feature of being an isolated part of the agglomeration dedicated solely to academics and student activities. This is an exemption from the typical model of French universities where university facilities are scattered throughout the city. Such organization was an experimental model applied in 1960s to accommodate the rapidly growing university. Over the years, due to such a distinct form of organization it earned the reputation of an "American campus".[29][30][31] Another French university that follows this model is Paris-Saclay University although it is located 20 km away from Paris and not in a direct proximity to the city.

The campus boast 3 000 trees,[32] including Arboretum Robert Ruffier-Lanche with over 250 different species of trees and shrubs from around the world. Due to its rich vegetation, surrounded by Isère (river), in proximity of three mountain chains, and in immediate adjacency to the city, the campus is known for student quality of life. The university is ranked among the most beautiful universities and campuses in France[33] and Europe.[34][35] The campus has a rich network of public transport, including the Grenoble tramway, several bus lines, easy access the main highway and a network of bike lines. Grenoble is traditionally recognized as one of the best student cities in France.[36][37][38][39]

La Tronche campus is located one tramway stop away from the Domaine Universitaire campus. It is primarily specialized in medical studies and is home to the Grenoble Alpes University Hospital.

  • Joseph Fourier Library

  • Maison des Langues

  • Stendhal Building

  • Louis Weil Amphitheatre

  • Sciences Po Grenoble

  • Pierre Mendes France Building

  • Grenoble Law School

  • Grenoble IAE

  • IMAG Building

  • Grenoble INP buildings

  • Stendhal Building

  • Faculty of Economics of Grenoble

Campus GIANT (Grenoble)

Campus GIANT

Campus GIANT (Grenoble Innovation for Advanced New Technologies) is an inter-organizational campus located on the old military grounds of a presque-isle between Isère and Drac that formed Polygone Scientifique. The Campus hosts several educational institutions, primarily UGA (particularly the INPG) and the Grenoble School of Management. Among other members of the campus are also large state research organizations CNRS and CEA. The GIANT campus hosts Minatec, as well as several European large scale Instruments including European Synchrotron Radiation Facility, European Molecular Biology Laboratory, and Institut Laue–Langevin. Major industrial companies have facilities on campus, including bioMérieux, Schneider Electric, Siemens, and STMicroelectronics.

Contrary to the Domaine Universitaire campus, which hosts UGA and shares both educational and research roles in a wide variety of disciplines, the GIANT Campus is inter-organizational and leans heavily towards research-industry collaboration in natural and applied sciences.

Valence Campus

The Valence campus is home to over 4000 students in undergraduate and post-graduate programs. It is located in the department of Drôme, 90 km away from Grenoble. The Valence campus is the successor of the Université de Valence founded in 1452 by Dauphin Louis, future King Louis XI. The University of Valence was closed in 1792 sharing the fate of most French universities during the French Revolution .

Other locations

University facilities are also located outside of main campuses, including Grenoble INP facilities, Grenoble IUT, as well as multiple laboratories and research centers. An alpine botanical garden Jardin botanique alpin du Lautaret spans over a 2 hectares area in Col du Lautaret.

  • IUT Grenoble 1 (Grenoble)

  • Grenoble INP (Grenoble)

  • IUGA (Grenoble)

  • Alpine botanical garden

  • Grenoble Alpes University Hospital

Governance

The Université Grenoble Alpes is a Public Institution of Scientific, Cultural, and Professional Relevance (French: Établissement public à caractère scientifique, culturel et professionnel"). It is governed by a board of directors and an academic council elected every four years. The president of the university is elected by the board of Directors after each renewal, and is eligible for re-election once. On 3 December 2015, staff and students from Joseph Fourier University, Pierre Mendès-France University, and Stendhal University voted to elect representatives to the central councils of the new university. On 7 January 2016, the Board of Directors of the Université Grenoble Alpes elected Lise Dumasy as president. It was the first time a woman has been elected to head a merged university in France.[40]

The university was one of the central members of the Community Université Grenoble Alpes, a COMUE under the presidency of Patrick Lévy. The association allowed the humanities and social sciences and natural and formal sciences to be represented in the governance of the entire university system of Grenoble.[41]

On 1 January 2020 the ComUE merged with the university, together with the Grenoble Institute of Technology, the Grenoble Institute of Political Studies, and the Grenoble School of Architecture ENSAG. The merger was organized using the newly created legal form of "établissements expérimentaux" created by the French government to promote the development of leading national universities.[42] Yassine Lakhnech became the President of the newly merged university.[43]

Academics

University rankings
Université Grenoble Alpes
Global – Overall
ARWU World[44]99 (2020)
CWUR World
[45]
137 (2020)
QS World[46]342 (2021)
Reuters World[47]91 (2019)
THE World[48]301-350 (2020)
USNWR Global[49]205 (2020)
Central avenue on Main campus in Saint-Martin-d'Hères (autumn 2016).
Grenoble University Hospital Center (CHU)
Grenoble Institute of Neuroscience (GIN)

The Université Grenoble Alpes is made up of multiple departments, schools and institutes.[50]


  • Faculty of sciences
    • Department of Chemistry and Biology
    • IM2AG - Department of Computer Science, Mathematics and Applied Mathematics of Grenoble (IM2AG)
    • PhITEM - Department of Physics, Engineering, Earth & Environmental Sciences, Mechanics
    • OSUG - Grenoble Observatory for Sciences of the Universe
    • DLST - Department for Undergraduate Degree of Sciences and Technology
  • Grenoble INP
    • Ense3 - Engineering school of Energy, Water and Environmental sciences
    • Ensimag - Engineering school of Applied mathematics and Computer Science
    • Esisar - Engineering school of Advanced Systems and Networks
    • Génie industriel - School of Industrial engineering and Management
    • Pagora - Engineering school of Paper, Print media and Biomaterials
    • Phelma - Engineering school of Physics, Electronics and Materials Science
    • Grenoble IAE - Graduate School of Management
    • Polytech Grenoble - Polytechnic Engineering School
  • Faculty of humanities, health, sports, society (H3S)
    • ARSH - Department of Arts and Humanities
    • LE - Department of foreign languages
    • LLASIC - Department of Languages, Literature, Performing Arts, Information and Communication
    • SHS - Department of Humanities and Social Sciences
    • STAPS - Department of physical and sports activities
    • Faculty of Medicine
    • Faculty of Pharmacology
  • Faculties and departments outside of regrouping
    • Institute of Urban Planning and Alpine Geography (IUGA)
    • Grenoble Law School
    • Grenoble Faculty of Economics
  • Sciences Po Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Political Studies
  • ENSAG - Grenoble School of Architecture
  • University Institutes of Technology
    • IUT Grenoble 1 - University Institutes of Technology 1
    • IUT Grenoble 2 - University Institutes of Technology 2
    • IUT de Valence - Valence University Institutes of Technology
  • Transverse structures
    • DSDA - Drôme Ardèche Department of Sciences
    • CUEF - University Centre for French Studies
    • INSPE - Institute of Education and Teaching
    • SDL - Languages Office
    • Doctoral College


Research

Minatec complex

Covering all disciplinary fields, the Université Grenoble Alpes has 106 research departments spread out in six centres bringing together different types of organizations (joint research departments, host teams, platforms, etc.) in the same scientific field.[50]

  • Humanities and Social Science Centre (Pôle SHS)
  • Chemistry, Biology and Health Centre (Pôle CBS)
  • Mathematics, Information and Communication Sciences and Technologies Centre (Pôle MSTIC)
  • Particle Physics, Astrophysics, Geosciences, the Environment and Ecology Centre (Pôle PAGE)
  • Physics, Engineering and Materials Centre (Pôle PEM)
  • Social Sciences Centre (Pôle SS)


Multiple research labs are attached to the university. University Grenoble Alpes, though Grenoble INP, cofounded Minatec, an international center on micro-nano technologies, uniting over 3000 researchers and 1200 students.[51]

The university hosts one of 4 French national Institutes of Artificial Intelligence.[8]

PhD training is administered and governed by the Doctoral College, which creates rules and standards for UGA's 13 doctoral schools.[52]

Notable people

UGA has a considerable number of notable alumni in several different fields, ranging from academics to political leaders, executives, and artists.

Politics

Many European politicians have studied law, economics, and languages at UGA, including: Reinhold Maier, Helene Weber, Walther Schreiber, Michel Destot, Louis Besson, Bernard Accoyer, Marlène Schiappa, Thierry Repentin, André Vallini and Geoffrey Acland.

Other political leaders include: Gaétan Barrette, Minister of Health and Social Services of Canada ; Paul Kaba Thieba, Prime Minister of Burkina Faso; Abderrahmane Benkhalfa, Minister of Finance of Algeria; Hazem El Beblawi, Prime Minister of Egypt; Richard E. Hoagland, US Ambassador; Abdoulaye Wade, President of Senegal; Driss Basri, Interior Minister of Morocco; Ahmedou Ould-Abdallah, Ambassador for Mauritania; Şenkal Atasagun, Chief of the National Intelligence Organization of Turkey; Ignas Jonynas, Lithuanian diplomat; Bill Morneau, Canadian Minister of Finance; Souvanna Phouma, Prime Minister of Laos; Ali Al Shami, Minister of Foreign Affairs of Lebanon; Fathallah Sijilmassi, Moroccan politician and economist; Mohammed al-Dairi Minister of Foreign Affairs of Libya.

UGA alumni also include American journalist Warren D. Leary, French journalists Éric Conan, Olivier Galzi, Mélissa Theuriau Françoise Joly, Laurent Mauduit, Marc Dugain, Philippe Robinet, Caroline Roux, British Joanna Gosling and Safia Shah, and German Jona von Ustinov, who worked for MI5 during the time of the Nazi regime.

Among social activists who attended UGA, one could find Léo-Paul Lauzon, Léa Roback, Austin Mardon, and the former CEO of the Chicago Urban League James Compton.

  • Richard von Weizsäcker, President of Germany

  • Vigdís Finnbogadóttir, President of Iceland

  • Jacqueline Kennedy, First Lady of the United States

  • Masako Owada, Empress of Japan

  • Olivier Véran, French politician, Minister of Health

  • Abdoulaye Wade, President of Senegal

Mathematics and sciences

Numerous prominent scientists have studied at the Université Grenoble Alpes since the development of the hydro-power in the region in 1880s. Prominent fields include physics, material sciences, and computer sciences with alumni like Yves Bréchet,[53] member of the French Academy of Sciences; Rajaâ Cherkaoui El Moursli,[54] who worked on the Higgs Boson discovery; Patrick Cousot,[55] French computer scientist; Joseph Sifakis, Turing Award laureate; Claude Boutron,[56] French glaciologist; Jean-Louis Coatrieux,[57] French researcher in medical imaging; Michel Cosnard,[58] French computer scientist; Paul Trendelenburg,[59] German pharmacologist; Yousef Saad,[60] computer scientist; Gérard Mourou Nobel Prize laureate, Maurice Nivat, Catherine Ritz,[61] French Antarctic researcher; Eric Goles, Chilean mathematician; Pierre Colmez, French mathematician; René Alphonse Higonnet,[62] French engineer; Marlon Dumas, Honduran computer scientist; Claire Berger,[63] French physicist and Michel Campillo, French seismologist.

Notes

  1. ↑ See History of universities in France (fr)
  2. ↑ See d:Q124379818#P576 and d:Q2000147#P571 for details.

References

  1. ↑ (in French) "Biographie". January 2020. https://www.letudiant.fr/educpros/personnalites/lakhnech-yassine.html. 
  2. ↑ (in French) Petitdemange, Amélie (September 2019). "Classements, attractivité… Pourquoi les universités et les écoles se regroupent". https://www.letudiant.fr/educpros/enquetes/classements-attractivite-pourquoi-les-universites-et-les-ecoles-se-regroupent.html. 
  3. ↑ Flochlay, Anne-Claire. "Université Grenoble Alpes". https://www.univ-grenoble-alpes.fr/francais/accueil-573045.kjsp?RH=2320611992734654. Retrieved 2 July 2023. 
  4. ↑ "ComUE - Les chiffres-clés de la Communauté Université Grenoble Alpes". http://www.communaute-univ-grenoble-alpes.fr/fr/presentation/chiffres-cles/. 
  5. ↑ "GIANT campus". https://www.giant-grenoble.org/en/. Retrieved 2 July 2023. 
  6. ↑ Esposito, Mark (November 2011). "The Grenoble Cluster of Minalogic: France's most competitive pole?". https://www.researchgate.net/publication/237009624. 
  7. ↑ "Virgile Adam, PhD". http://www.virgile-adam.com/grenoble. 
  8. ↑ 8.0 8.1 "La France lance officiellement ses quatre Instituts Interdisciplinaires d'Intelligence Artificielle" (in fr). usinenouvelle.com. 25 April 2019. https://www.usinenouvelle.com/editorial/la-france-lance-officiellement-ses-quatre-instituts-interdisciplinaires-d-intelligence-artificielle.N766394. 
  9. ↑ "Reuters Top 100: The World's Most Innovative Universities - 2016". Reuters. 28 September 2017. https://www.reuters.com/article/amers-reuters-ranking-innovative-univers-idUSL2N1C406D. 
  10. ↑ "2022-2023 Best Global Universities in Europe". https://www.usnews.com/education/best-global-universities/europe. 
  11. ↑ "Europe's Most Innovative Universities". Reuters. 14 June 2017. https://www.reuters.com/article/us-innovative-stories-europe-idUSKCN0Z00CT. 
  12. ↑ Herbermann, Charles George; Pace, Edward Aloysius; Pallen, Condé Bénoist; Wynne, John Joseph; Shahan, Thomas Joseph (1 January 1913). "The Catholic Encyclopedia: An International Work of Reference on the Constitution, Doctrine, Discipline, and History of the Catholic Church". Encyclopedia Press. https://books.google.com/books?id=r7kTAAAAYAAJ&pg=PA28. 
  13. ↑ "Universities of Grenoble I, II, and III | university, Grenoble, France". https://www.britannica.com/topic/Universities-of-Grenoble-I-II-and-III. 
  14. ↑ 14.0 14.1 14.2 Livre du centenaire de la faculté de droit: discours, études et documents. Typographie et lithographie Allier Frères. 1906. https://archive.org/stream/livreducentenai00grengoog#page/n23/mode/2up. 
  15. ↑ Kelly, Samantha, The New Solomon: Robert of Naples (1309-1343) and Fourteenth-Century Kingship, page 2 Google Books
  16. ↑ Livre du centenaire de la faculté de droit: discours, études et documents. Typographie et lithographie Allier Frères. 1906. https://archive.org/stream/livreducentenai00grengoog#page/n25/mode/2up. 
  17. ↑ Chisholm, Hugh, ed (1911). "St Pol, Counts of". Encyclopædia Britannica. 24 (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press. p. 41; lines 7 and 8. "Their son, François de Bourbon, count of St Pol (1491–1545), was one of the most devoted and courageous generals of Francis I.". 
  18. ↑ Livre du centenaire de la faculté de droit: discours, études et documents. Typographie et lithographie Allier Frères. 1906. https://archive.org/stream/livreducentenai00grengoog#page/n29/mode/2up. 
  19. ↑ 19.0 19.1 Nye, Mary Jo (1 January 1986). Science in the Provinces: Scientific Communities and Provincial Leadership in France, 1860-1930. University of California Press. ISBN 9780520055612. https://books.google.com/books?id=aBelc0YcDboC&pg=PA81. 
  20. ↑ Alpes, Université Grenoble. "Accueil". http://www.u-grenoble3.fr/1175503255134/0/fiche___article/. 
  21. ↑ Louis, Desgraves (1994). "Suzanne Kravtchenko-Dobelmann (1905-1993)" (in fr-FR). Bibliothèque de l'École des Chartes 152 (2). https://www.persee.fr/doc/bec_0373-6237_1994_num_152_2_464348. 
  22. ↑ Morinière, Soline (2022). "The fate of cast collections in French education: Between destruction and abandonment". in Alexandridis, A.. Destroy the copy – Plaster cast collections in the 19th–20th centuries: Demolition, defacement, disposal in Europe and beyond. De Gruyter. p. 448. ISBN 978-3-11-075796-5. https://books.google.com/books?id=u7R_EAAAQBAJ&pg=PA448. 
  23. ↑ Prost, Antoine (1992) (in fr). Education, société et politiques: une histoire de l'enseignement en France de 1945 à nos jours. Paris: Seuil. pp. 136-137. ISBN 978-2-02-014157-4. 
  24. ↑ Bienayme, Alain (1984). "The New Reform in French Higher Education". European Journal of Education 19 (2): 154. doi:10.2307/1502786. 
  25. ↑ Judge, Harry; Lemosse, Michel; Paine, Lynn; Sedlak, Michael (1994). The university and the teachers: France, the United States, England. Oxford Studies in Comparative Education. 4. Wallingford, Oxfordshire, UK: Triangle Books. p. 70. ISBN 978-1-873927-08-3. https://books.google.com/books?id=yQGYCgAAQBAJ&pg=PA70. Retrieved 30 January 2024. 
  26. ↑ Dizier, Valentin; Girard, Bertrand (29 October 2013). "Université Grenoble-Alpes : Ce que va changer la fusion" (in fr). Place Gre'net (Grenoble, France). ISSN 2609-5548. https://www.placegrenet.fr/2013/10/29/fusion-universite-grenoble-alpes/524535. 
  27. ↑ Flochlay, Anne-Claire. "2020: New year, new Université Grenoble Alpes". https://www.univ-grenoble-alpes.fr/news/headlines/2020-new-year-new-universite-grenoble-alpes-629918.kjsp?RH=1581082035011. Retrieved 2 July 2023. 
  28. ↑ Décret n° 2023-1034 du 8 novembre 2023 pérennisant les statuts de l'Université Grenoble Alpes, 2023-11-08, https://www.legifrance.gouv.fr/jorf/id/JORFTEXT000048385509, retrieved 2024-01-06 
  29. ↑ Peissel, Gilles (2012). Grenoble ; un campus entre ville et montagne. PUG. 
  30. ↑ "Il y a 50 ans naissait le Campus universitaire de Saint-Martin-d'Hères". https://france3-regions.francetvinfo.fr/auvergne-rhone-alpes/il-y-50-ans-naissait-campus-universitaire-saint-martin-heres-316853.html. 
  31. ↑ "A Grenoble student's (fine) life". https://www.grenoble-tourisme.com/en/discover/the-area/grenoble-all-yours/grenoble-students-fine-life/. 
  32. ↑ "Découvrir nos campus". https://www.univ-grenoble-alpes.fr/campus/decouvrir-nos-campus/decouvrir-nos-campus-574820.kjsp. 
  33. ↑ "The most beautiful campuses in France". https://en.location-etudiant.fr/actualites/Les-plus-beaux-campus-de-France-501.php. 
  34. ↑ "The 10 most beautiful universities in Europe". 22 January 2018. https://www.timeshighereducation.com/student/best-universities/10-most-beautiful-universities-europe. 
  35. ↑ "Top Of The Most Beautiful Universities In The World". 11 September 2019. https://www.e-architect.com/articles/top-of-the-most-beautiful-universities-in-the-world. 
  36. ↑ "Classement général des villes étudiantes 2020-2021". https://www.letudiant.fr/palmares/liste-profils/palmares-des-villes-etudiantes/classement-general-des-villes-etudiantes/home.html#indicateurs=900695,900696,900697,900698,900699&criterias. 
  37. ↑ "Découvrez notre classement des meilleures villes étudiantes de France". https://etudiant.lefigaro.fr/article/le-classement-general-2020-des-villes-etudiantes-du-figaro_7293cc26-b7b3-11ea-8ba4-4a678d89a94f/. 
  38. ↑ "Beyond Paris: Top 6 Cities to Study in France". 13 November 2015. https://www.masterstudies.com/article/Beyond-Paris-Top-6-Cities-to-Study-in-France/. 
  39. ↑ "Classement : Quelles sont les meilleures villes pour étudier ?". https://diplomeo.com/actualite-villes_preferees_des_etudiants. 
  40. ↑ "Lise Dumasy élue à la tête de l'Université Grenoble Alpes". January 12, 2016. https://www.placegrenet.fr/2016/01/12/lise-dumasy-elue-a-tete-de-luniversite-grenoble-alpes/73153. 
  41. ↑ "SI ON PARLAIT - 25 janvier 2016 - Si On Parlait - TéléGrenoble". http://www.telegrenoble.net/replay/si-on-parlait_35/si-on-parlait-25-janvier-2016_x3odx2e.html. 
  42. ↑ "Classements, attractivité… Pourquoi les universités et les écoles se regroupent". 13 September 2019. https://www.letudiant.fr/educpros/enquetes/classements-attractivite-pourquoi-les-universites-et-les-ecoles-se-regroupent.html. Retrieved 2 July 2023. 
  43. ↑ "L'Etudiant - Educpros". https://www.letudiant.fr/educpros/personnalites/lakhnech-yassine.html. Retrieved 2 July 2023. 
  44. ↑ "ARWU 2020". http://www.shanghairanking.com/ARWU2020.html. Retrieved 2 July 2023. 
  45. ↑ "World University Rankings 2020-21 | CWUR". https://cwur.org/2020-21.php. Retrieved 2 July 2023. 
  46. ↑ "QS World University Rankings 2021 : Top Global Universities". https://www.topuniversities.com/university-rankings/world-university-rankings/2021. Retrieved 2 July 2023. 
  47. ↑ "Reuters World Most Innovative Universities 2019". https://www.reuters.com/innovative-universities-2019. 
  48. ↑ "THE 2020". 20 August 2019. https://www.timeshighereducation.com/world-university-rankings/2020/world-ranking. 
  49. ↑ "USNWR 2020". https://www.usnews.com/education/best-global-universities/universite-grenoble-alpes-uga-528916. 
  50. ↑ 50.0 50.1 "Departments, schools and institutes". Université Grenoble Alpes. https://www.univ-grenoble-alpes.fr/en/main-missions/about-us/organisation/departments-schools-and-institutes/departments-schools-and-institutes-133548.kjsp. 
  51. ↑ SPINELLI, Julie. "Salle de presse". https://www.minatec.org/fr/minatec/presse/. Retrieved 2 July 2023. 
  52. ↑ Mounier, Laurence. "The research departments and Doctoral College". https://www.univ-grenoble-alpes.fr/research/research-organization/the-research-departments-and-doctoral-college-625927.kjsp?RH=1581002208998. Retrieved 2 July 2023. 
  53. ↑ "Biographie". 11 April 2022. http://www.college-de-france.fr/site/yves-brechet/. 
  54. ↑ "Biographie R. Cherkaoui". http://www.um5a.ac.ma/index.php/fr/accueil/102-french/622-biographie-r-cherkaoui. 
  55. ↑ "Patrick Cousot". https://www.di.ens.fr/~cousot/cv/short.shtml. 
  56. ↑ Hoffmann, Ilire Hasani, Robert. "Academy of Europe: CV". http://www.ae-info.org/ae/Member/Boutron_Claude/CV. 
  57. ↑ "LTSI : Laboratoire Traitement du Signal et de l'Image - LTSI". https://www.ltsi.univ-rennes1.fr/?q=node/158. 
  58. ↑ "Michel COSNARD: biographie et actualités sur EducPros". http://www.letudiant.fr/educpros/personnalites/cosnard-michel.html. 
  59. ↑ Lammers, Wim J. E. P.; Lammers-Van Den Berg, Anne Marijke; Morrison, John F. B.; Petroianu, Georg A. (2006). "Translating Trendelenburg; back to the future". Naunyn-Schmiedeberg's Archives of Pharmacology 373 (2): 134–138. doi:10.1007/s00210-006-0051-8. PMID 16557377. 
  60. ↑ "Yousef Saad". 13 December 2019. https://www-users.cse.umn.edu/~saad/RES.pdf. 
  61. ↑ "Catherine Ritz élue vice-présidente du SCAR [fr"]. http://www.ige-grenoble.fr/Catherine-Ritz-elue-vice. 
  62. ↑ HIGONNET, René Alphonse (1902 - 1983)
  63. ↑ cb299 (19 February 2015). "cb299". https://www.physics.gatech.edu/user/claire-berger. 
  64. ↑ "Gérard Mourou Facts". https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/physics/2018/mourou/facts/. 
  65. ↑ "Payload Specialist Bio: Favier (08/1996)". 11 February 2015. https://www.jsc.nasa.gov/Bios/PS/favier.html. 
  66. ↑ "Dr. Charles Elachi". 22 October 2015. http://www.jpl.nasa.gov/about/bio_elachi.php. 
  67. ↑ "Joseph Sifakis - A.M. Turing Award Winner". http://amturing.acm.org/award_winners/sifakis_1701095.cfm. 
  68. ↑ Williams, Ruth (2010). "Alim-Louis Benabid: Stimulation and serendipity". The Lancet Neurology 9 (12): 1152. doi:10.1016/S1474-4422(10)70291-X. PMID 21087740. 
  69. ↑ (In French) "Aurélien Barrau : "Il faut absolument être alarmiste"". 29 June 2020. https://www.nationalgeographic.fr/environnement/2020/06/aurelien-barrau-il-faut-absolument-etre-alarmiste. 

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