Organization:Rhode Island School of Design

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Short description: Art and design college in Rhode Island, US
Rhode Island School of Design
Rhode Island School of Design seal.svg
Seal of the Rhode Island School of Design
Other name
RISD
TypePrivate art and design school
Established1877; 147 years ago (1877)
Academic affiliations
AICAD, Space-grant
Endowment$347.7 million (2020)[1]
PresidentCrystal Williams
Academic staff
181 full-time
421 part-time (2018-19)[2]
Students2,501 (2019–20)[2]
Undergraduates2,009 (2019–20)[2]
Postgraduates492 (2019–20)[2]
Location
Providence
,
Rhode Island
,
United States
CampusUrban
13 acres (53,000 m2)
|u}}rs     RISD Blue
MascotScrotie (unofficial)
Websitewww.risd.edu

The Rhode Island School of Design (RISD /ˈrɪzdiː/, pronounced "Riz-D"[3]) is a private art and design school in Providence, Rhode Island. The school was founded as a coeducational institution in 1877 by Helen Adelia Rowe Metcalf, who sought to increase the accessibility of design education to women.[4] Today, RISD offers bachelor's and master's degree programs across 19 majors and enrolls approximately 2,000 undergraduate and 500 graduate students.[2] The Rhode Island School of Design Museum—which houses the school's art and design collections—is one of the largest college art museums in the United States.[5]

The Rhode Island School of Design is affiliated with Brown University, whose campus sits immediately adjacent to RISD's on Providence's College Hill. The two institutions share social and community resources and since 1900 have permitted cross-registration.[6][7] Together, RISD and Brown offer dual degree programs at the graduate and undergraduate levels.

As of 2022, RISD alumni have received 10 MacArthur Genius fellowships, five Primetime Emmy Awards, and three Academy Awards.[8][9] A 2016 analysis of the most successful American artists at auction found that more than twice as many held undergraduate degrees from RISD than from any other school.[10]

History

Founding of the school

The Venetian Renaissance Waterman Building (1893) was the first permanent home for the school

The Rhode Island School of Design's founding is often traced back to Helen Adelia Rowe Metcalf's 1876 visit to the Centennial Exposition in Philadelphia. At the exposition, Metcalf visited the Women's Pavilion. Organized by the "Centennial Women," the pavilion showcased the work of female entrepreneurs, artists, and designers.[11][12] Metcalf's visit to the pavilion profoundly impacted her and motivated her to address a deficiency in design education accessible to women.

Following the exhibition, the RI committee of the Centennial Women had $1,675 remaining in funds; the group spent some time negotiating how best to use the surplus.[13] Metcalf lobbied the group to use the money to establish a coeducational, design school in Providence. On January 11, 1877, a majority of women on the committee voted for Metcalf's proposal.[12]

The 1885 Dr. George W. Carr House houses a student cafe and lounge

On March 22, 1877, the Rhode Island General Assembly ratified "An Act to Incorporate the Rhode Island School of Design", "[f]or the purpose of aiding in the cultivation of the arts of design". Over the next 129 years, the following original by-laws set forth these following primary objectives:[14]

The Rhode Island Hospital Trust Building houses dormitories and the school's Fleet Library
  1. The instruction of artisans in drawing, painting, modeling, and designing, that they may successfully apply the principles of Art to the requirements of trade and manufacture.
  2. The systematic training of students in the practice of Art, in order that they may understand its principles, give instruction to others, or become artists.
  3. The general advancement of public Art Education, by the exhibition of works of Art and of Art school studies, and by lectures on Art.

Metcalf directed the school until her death in 1895. Her daughter, Eliza Greene Metcalf Radeke, then took over until her own death in 1931.[15]

Beginnings

The school opened in October 1877 in Providence. The first class consisted of 43 students, the majority of whom were women.[12][16]

For the first 15 years of its existence, RISD occupied a suite of six rooms on the fourth floor of the Hoppin Homestead Building in Downtown Providence. On October 24, 1893, the school dedicated a new brick building at 11 Waterman Street on College Hill. Designed by Hoppin, Reid & Hoppin, this building served as the first permanent home for the school.[17]

Activism during the Vietnam War

Students at RISD played a key part in the national protest of the Vietnam War, producing various notable anti-war protest art from 1968–1973 and taking several on tour as part of a mobile artwork petition. The most well known is Leave the Fear of Red to Horned Beasts, a reference to Victor Hugo novel Les Misérables in the form of a watercolor-on-canvas painting of a charging red bull. An original print of this painting is on permanent display at the War Remnants Museum in Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam in a section dedicated to international protest of the Vietnam War, and also features subtly as a bar mural in Vietnam War film Point Man (film).

In 1969 the Black Student Community of RISD published a manifesto demanding of university faculty the establishment of "a meaningful liaison with the spirit and expression of Black culture."[18] RISD subsequently hired administrators to begin recruiting and admitting increased numbers of students of color.

COVID-19

After the outbreak of COVID-19 and the subsequent closure of the RISD campus in March 2020,[19] RISD suggested a future of a hybrid of classes online and in-person.[20]

In July 2020, President Somerson began negotiations with the RISD faculty union over the avoidance of possible layoffs by suggesting cost-cutting measures.[21] The part-time faculty union, the National Education Association, rejected the initial proposal.[21]

Racial diversity and equity

In the summer of 2020, after the Black Lives Matter and George Floyd protests, RISD students and alumni came forward to voice outrage at the institution for failing at social equity and inclusion.[22][23] They formed a student-led RISD Anti-Racism Coalition (ARC) alongside BIPOC faculty.[22][23] As a result, in July 2020, RISD announced they would hire 10 new faculty members that would specialize in "race and ethnicity in arts and design", the RISD museum would return to Nigeria a sculpture that was once looted, expand and diversify the curriculum, and the school would, "remain committed to reform".[22][24]

Labor strike

Striking workers and supporters in April 2023

In April 2023, after months of negotiations, the RISD employees union held a picket line protest in demand of better wages. The union, which represents custodians, groundskeepers and movers, was joined in the strike by student supporters and community members.[25][26] The strike lasted two weeks, until workers approved a new contract and returned to work April 19.[27]

Presidents

RISD's current president is Crystal Williams. She was preceded by Rosanne Somerson who served in the role from 2015 to 2021.[28]

Rankings and admission

In 2014, U.S. News & World Report ranked RISD first amongst Fine Arts programs.[29] In 2021, RISD was ranked 4th by the QS World University Rankings of Art & Design programs.[30] The school's undergraduate architecture program ranked 6 in DesignIntelligence's ranking of the Top Architecture Schools in the US for 2019.[31] In 2018, the institution was also named among Forbes' America's Top Colleges[32] and the Chronicle of Higher Education's Top Producers of US Fulbright Scholars.[33]

RISD's acceptance rate is 19%.[34] In August of 2019, the school announced it would be adopting a test-optional policy for admissions.[35]

Campus

A salon-style gallery of paintings in the RISD Museum

In the past, RISD buildings were mostly located at the western edge of College Hill, between the Brown University campus and the Providence River. In recent decades, RISD has acquired or built buildings on the downslope nearer the river, or in Downtown Providence just on the other side of the waterway. The main library, undergrad dormitories, and graduate studios of the college are now located downtown.[36]:21[37]

RISD Museum

The Chace Center contains both exhibition and studio space

The RISD Museum was founded in 1877 on the belief that art, artists, and the institutions that support them play pivotal roles in promoting broad civic engagement and creating more open societies. With a permanent collection numbering approximately 100,000 works, the RISD museum is the third largest art museum attached to an educational facility.[38][39]

Athletics

RISD has many athletic clubs and teams.[40] The symbolism used for their teams is unique. The hockey team is called the "Nads", and their cheer is "Go Nads!"[41] The logo for the Nads features a horizontal hockey stick with two hockey pucks at the end of the stick's handle.

The basketball team is known simply as the "Balls", and their slogan is, "When the heat is on, the Balls stick together."[41][42] The Balls' logo consists of two balls next to one another in an irregularly shaped net.[43]

Lest the sexual innuendo of these team names and logos be lost or dismissed, the 2001 creation of the school's unofficial mascot, Scrotie, ended any ambiguity. Despite the name, Scrotie is not merely a representation of a scrotum, but is a 7-foot tall penis.[44]

The school's color is a vivid blue.[45]

Notable people

Alumni

Notable RISD alumni in the fine arts Kara Walker (MFA 1994),[46] Jenny Holzer (MFA 1977),[47] Dale Chihuly (MFA 1968),[48] Nicole Eisenman (BFA 1987),[49] Do-Ho Suh (BFA 1994),[50] Julie Mehretu (MFA 1997),[51] Roni Horn (BFA 1975), Shahzia Sikander (MFA 1995), Glenn Ligon,[52] and Janine Antoni (MFA 1989). Graduates in photography include Francesca Woodman (BFA 1978),[53] Deana Lawson (MFA 2004),[54] Todd Hido,[55] and Bathsheba Okwenje.[56]

Among the school's alumni in illustration are Brian Selznick (BFA 1988),[57] Chris Van Allsburg (MA 1975), Roz Chast (BFA 1977), and David Macaulay (BArch 1969).[58] Alumni in graphic design include Shepard Fairey (BFA 1992)[59] Tobias Frere-Jones (BFA 1992).[60] Among the alumni of the school's architecture department are Hashim Sarkis (BArch 1987)[61] Deborah Berke (BFA 1975, BArch 1977),[62] Preston Scott Cohen (BArch 1983),[63] and Nader Tehrani (BArch 1986).[64]

Prominent RISD graduates in film and television include James Franco (MFA 2012),[65] Seth MacFarlane (BFA 1995),[66] Jemima Kirke (BFA 2008),[67] Bryan Konietzko (BFA 1998),[68] Michael Dante DiMartino (BFA 1996),[68] Gus Van Sant (BFA 1975),[69] and Robert Richardson (BFA 1979).[70] Graduates in music include bassist Syd Butler (BFA 1996) and two founding members of Talking Heads: Tina Weymouth (BFA 1974), and Chris Frantz (BFA 1974);[71] Talking Heads' other founder, David Byrne, is also a RISD alumnus and met Weymouth and Frantz there, but left before graduation.

Among the school's alumni in business are Airbnb co-founders Joe Gebbia (BFA 2004) and Brian Chesky (BFA 2004).[72][73]

  • Glass sculptor Dale Chihuly (MFA 1968)

  • Talking Heads lead singer David Byrne (1970–71)

  • Filmmaker Gus Van Sant (BFA 1975)

  • Neo-conceptual artist Jenny Holzer (MFA 1977)

  • Contemporary installation artist Do-Ho Suh (BFA 1994)

  • Avatar: The Last Airbender co-creator Michael Dante DiMartino (BFA 1996)

  • Avatar: The Last Airbender co-creator Bryan Konietzko (BFA 1998)

  • Contemporary artist Kara Walker (MFA 1994)

  • Contemporary painter Julie Mehretu (MFA 1997)

  • Family Guy and The Orville creator Seth MacFarlane (BFA 1995)

  • CEO and co-founder of Airbnb, Brian Chesky (BFA 2004)

  • Co-founder of Airbnb, Joe Gebbia (BFA 2005)

  • Actor and filmmaker James Franco (MFA 2012)

Faculty

Notable RISD faculty include photographers Diane Arbus and Aaron Siskind, sculptor Simone Leigh, painter Jennifer Packer, architect Friedrich St. Florian, designer Victor Papanek, and Pulitzer Prize-winning author Jhumpa Lahiri.[74][75][76][77][78] Rockwell King DuMoulin was a professor and architecture department chair from 1972 to 1978.[79]

References

  1. ↑ As of June 30, 2020. U.S. and Canadian Institutions Listed by Fiscal Year 2020 Endowment Market Value and Change in Endowment Market Value from FY19 to FY20 (Report). National Association of College and University Business Officers and TIAA. February 19, 2021. https://www.nacubo.org/-/media/Documents/Research/2020-NTSE-Public-Tables--Endowment-Market-Values--FINAL-FEBRUARY-19-2021.ashx. Retrieved February 20, 2021. 
  2. ↑ 2.0 2.1 2.2 2.3 2.4 "About". Rhode Island School of Design. https://www.risd.edu/about/. 
  3. ↑ "Chace Center/RISD Museum" (in en). https://artinruins.com/property/chace-center-risd/. 
  4. ↑ "RHODE ISLAND SCHOOL OF DESIGN". https://www.supplyrhodeisland.com/risd/. 
  5. ↑ Ganesh, Preeti (2020-01-30). "RISD Museum collection expands with 33 gifted works from collectors" (in en-US). https://www.browndailyherald.com/2020/01/30/risd-museum-collection-expands-33-gifted-works-collectors/. 
  6. ↑ University, Brown (1900) (in en). Annual Report of the President to the Corporation of Brown University. https://books.google.com/books?id=dvzOAAAAMAAJ. Retrieved 2021-05-02. 
  7. ↑ "RISD + Brown". https://www.risd.edu/academics/brown+risd/. 
  8. ↑ "Winning a MacArthur | RISD". https://www.risd.edu/news/stories/winning-macarthur. 
  9. ↑ "Prestigious National and International Awards | RISD Alumni" (in en). https://alumni.risd.edu/connect/risd-alumni-association/awards/prestigious-national-and-international-awards. 
  10. ↑ Davis, Ben (2016-08-30). "Will an MFA Make You an Art Star?" (in en-US). https://news.artnet.com/art-world/mfa-degree-successful-artists-620891. 
  11. ↑ Austin, Nancy. "Towards a Genealogy of Visual Culture at the Rhode Island School of Design, 1875–1900". Dissertation, Brown University. Ann Arbor: ProQuest/UMI, 2009. (Publication No. 3370099.)
  12. ↑ 12.0 12.1 12.2 Grzyb, Frank L.; DeSimone, Russell J. (2014-07-22) (in en). Remarkable Women of Rhode Island. Arcadia Publishing. ISBN 978-1-62585-069-0. https://books.google.com/books?id=C5KACQAAQBAJ&q=risd+Centennial+exposition&pg=PT132. Retrieved 2020-10-28. 
  13. ↑ Austin, Nancy. "What a Beginning is Worth". Infinite Radius. Ed. Dawn Barrett and Andrew Martinez. (Providence: Rhode Island School of Design, 2008) 170–196.
  14. ↑ Austin, Nancy. "No Honors to Divide". Infinite Radius. Ed. Dawn Barrett and Andrew Martinez. (Providence: Rhode Island School of Design, 2008) 197–217.
  15. ↑ Kirk, Laura Meade (2004-03-21). "From bonnets to baccalaureates". The Providence Journal. http://www.projo.com/yourlife/content/projo_20040321_womdraft.12a5f6.html. 
  16. ↑ Austin, Nancy (2009). "3: A Place for Design: RISD at the Hoppin Homestead, 1878-1893". Towards a Genealogy of Culture at the Rhode Island Schoolof Design, 1876-1896 (PhD). Brown University. Archived from the original on 2022-06-29. Retrieved 2020-09-29.
  17. ↑ "Infinite Radius: Founding Rhode Island School of Design | Archives | Rhode Island School of Design". https://digitalcommons.risd.edu/archives_infiniteradius/. 
  18. ↑ https://www.risd.edu/sites/default/files/2021-04/Black-Student-Community-of-RISD-Statement-of-Belief-1969.pdf [bare URL PDF]
  19. ↑ Borg, Linda (March 16, 2020). "RISD becoming blank canvas as students leave" (in en). https://www.providencejournal.com/news/20200316/risd-becoming-blank-canvas-as-students-leave. 
  20. ↑ Borg, Linda (June 16, 2020). "RISD plans hybrid of in-person and online instruction" (in en). https://www.providencejournal.com/news/20200616/risd-plans-hybrid-of-in-person-and-online-instruction. 
  21. ↑ 21.0 21.1 Borg, Linda (July 1, 2020). "RISD president: 'We are continuing to have conversations to avoid layoffs'" (in en). https://www.providencejournal.com/news/20200701/risd-president-rsquowe-are-continuing-to-have-conversations-to-avoid-layoffsrsquo. 
  22. ↑ 22.0 22.1 22.2 Fitzpatrick, Edward (July 21, 2020). "Responding to activism, RISD is hiring faculty, boosting diversity, returning looted artifacts" (in en-US). https://www.bostonglobe.com/2020/07/21/metro/responding-activism-risd-is-hiring-faculty-boosting-diversity-returning-looted-sculpture/. 
  23. ↑ 23.0 23.1 "Rhode Island School of Design releases open letter promising social equity action" (in en-US). 2020-07-27. https://www.archpaper.com/2020/07/risd-president-releases-open-letter-promising-social-equity-action/. 
  24. ↑ "RISD announces plans to focus on social equity and inclusion in art and design education" (in en). https://archinect.com/news/article/150208554/risd-announces-plans-to-focus-on-social-equity-and-inclusion-in-art-and-design-education. 
  25. ↑ Fish, Kayla (7 April 2023). "RISD students join union workers as strike continues". Nexstar Media. WPRI. https://www.wpri.com/news/local-news/providence/risd-students-join-union-workers-as-strike-continues/. 
  26. ↑ Klein, Kristine (11 April 2023). "Students and faculty at RISD express support for groundskeepers, movers, and custodial staff on strike". The Architect's Newspaper. https://www.archpaper.com/2023/04/students-and-faculty-at-risd-express-support-for-groundskeepers-movers-and-custodial-staff-on-strike/. 
  27. ↑ "RISD Strike Ends with Contract Agreement". ArtForum. April 18, 2023. https://www.artforum.com/news/risd-strike-ends-with-contract-agreement-90408. 
  28. ↑ Villa, Angelica (2021-12-16). "Crystal Williams Becomes First Black Leader of RISD, One of the Nation's Oldest Art Schools" (in en-US). https://www.artnews.com/art-news/news/crystal-williams-risd-president-1234613813/. 
  29. ↑ "Rhode Island School of Design | RISD | Best College | US News". Colleges.usnews.rankingsandreviews.com. http://colleges.usnews.rankingsandreviews.com/best-colleges/risd-3409. 
  30. ↑ "QS World University Rankings by Subject 2019 - Art & Design". QS World University Rankings. https://www.topuniversities.com/university-rankings/university-subject-rankings/2021/art-design. 
  31. ↑ "The Best Architecture Schools in the U.S. 2019". 3 September 2016. https://www.archdaily.com/901435/the-best-architecture-schools-in-the-us-2019. 
  32. ↑ "Forbes - America's Top Colleges". https://www.forbes.com/colleges/rhode-island-school-of-design/. 
  33. ↑ "Brown, RISD again among top Fulbright producers". Providence Business News. February 21, 2018. https://pbn.com/brown-risd-among-top-fulbright-producers/. 
  34. ↑ "Rhode Island School of Design Admissions". https://www.usnews.com/best-colleges/rhode-island-school-of-design-3409/applying. 
  35. ↑ Borg, Linda. "RISD to drop SAT, ACT as admissions requirements" (in en). https://www.providencejournal.com/news/20190830/risd-to-drop-sat-act-as-admissions-requirements. 
  36. ↑ Selected works. Providence Rhode Island, US: Museum of Art, Rhode Island School of Design. 2008. ISBN 978-0911517828. 
  37. ↑ "Campus Map". https://www.risd.edu/sites/default/files/2021-10/risd-campus-map-directory-2021-22-updated-10-21-21.pdf. 
  38. ↑ Ganesh, Preeti (2020-01-30). "RISD Museum collection expands with 33 gifted works from collectors" (in en-US). https://www.browndailyherald.com/2020/01/30/risd-museum-collection-expands-33-gifted-works-collectors/. 
  39. ↑ Stamp, Elizabeth (31 August 2015). "The Best University Art Museums in America" (in en-US). https://www.architecturaldigest.com/gallery/university-art-museums-slideshow. 
  40. ↑ "RISD Clubs and Organizations". http://csi.risd.edu/Clubs?_ga=2.182001123.575870325.1557240208-632034230.1535551276. 
  41. ↑ 41.0 41.1 "10 Weirdest College Mascots - RISD mascot, university mascot". https://www.oddee.com/item_96800.aspx. 
  42. ↑ Zeigler, Cyd (11 July 2012). "Rhode Island School of Design students love their Nads and Balls". https://www.outsports.com/2012/7/11/4053372/rhode-island-school-of-design-students-love-their-nads-and-balls. 
  43. ↑ Molinari, Jessica. "Scrotie The Penis & More Wacky College Mascots". https://www.bustle.com/articles/14561-scrotie-the-penis-and-11-more-of-the-countrys-weirdest-college-mascots. 
  44. ↑ "The Story Of Scrotie, The College Sports Mascot Who Was A Dick And Balls". 22 September 2016. http://theballreport.com/the-story-of-scrotie-the-college-sports-mascot-who-was-a-dick-and-balls/. 
  45. ↑ "How We Look". Rhode Island School of Design Visual Identity. Rhode Island School of Design. https://identity.risd.edu/how-we-look. 
  46. ↑ "Kara Walker | Biography, Art, & Facts" (in en). https://www.britannica.com/biography/Kara-Walker. 
  47. ↑ Jenny Holzer Tate Collection, London.
  48. ↑ "Dale Chihuly to open RISD Museum" (in en-US). 2007-12-28. https://providencedailydose.com/2007/12/28/dale-chihuly-to-open-risd-museum/. 
  49. ↑ "Biography of Nicole Eisenman - Susanne Vielmetter, Los Angeles Projects". vielmetter.com. http://www.vielmetter.com/artists/nicole-eisenman/biography.html. 
  50. ↑ "Do Ho Suh - Artists - Lehmann Maupin". https://www.lehmannmaupin.com/artists/do-ho-suh/biography. 
  51. ↑ Calvin Tomkins (March 29, 2010). "Big Art, Big Money: Julie Mehretu's 'Mural' for Goldman Sachs ". The New Yorker. Retrieved 2017-08-04.
  52. ↑ "The Writing on the Wall: Glenn Ligon on Borrowing Text to Expose American Racism, in 2011" (in en-US). 2016-01-15. https://www.artnews.com/art-news/retrospective/the-writing-on-the-wall-glenn-ligon-on-borrowing-text-to-expose-american-racism-in-2011-5658/. 
  53. ↑ Post, Kyle MacMillian | The Denver (2006-12-14). "Francesca Woodman's haunting vision" (in en-US). https://www.denverpost.com/2006/12/14/francesca-woodmans-haunting-vision/. 
  54. ↑ "Profile". http://arts.princeton.edu/people/profiles/deanal/. 
  55. ↑ "A Haunting View of Suburbia | BU Today" (in en). http://www.bu.edu/articles/2014/a-haunting-view-of-suburbia/. 
  56. ↑ "Bathsheba Okwenje — entreebergen.no" (in en). https://entreebergen.no/Bathsheba-Okwenje. 
  57. ↑ "Selznick, Brian 1966– | Encyclopedia.com". https://www.encyclopedia.com/children/scholarly-magazines/selznick-brian-1966. 
  58. ↑ "The Way Macaulay Thinks" (in en). https://www.risd.edu/news/stories/the-way-macaulay-thinks/. 
  59. ↑ List, Madeleine. "Providence welcomes back renowned street artist Shepard Fairey" (in en). https://www.providencejournal.com/news/20191021/providence-welcomes-back-renowned-street-artist-shepard-fairey. 
  60. ↑ Consuegra, David (2011-10-10) (in en). Classic Typefaces: American Type and Type Designers. Simon and Schuster. ISBN 978-1-62153-582-9. https://books.google.com/books?id=4nCCDwAAQBAJ&pg=PT393. Retrieved 2020-09-14. 
  61. ↑ "Hashim Sarkis named curator of 2020 Venice Biennale Architecture Exhibition" (in en). https://news.mit.edu/2018/hashim-sarkis-curator-venice-biennale-architecture-exhibition-1219. 
  62. ↑ "Deborah Berke, FAIA" (in en-us). https://www.interiordesign.net/designers/185-deborah-berke-faia/. 
  63. ↑ Architecture (CCA), Canadian Centre for. "Preston Scott Cohen Eyebeam project records" (in en). https://www.cca.qc.ca/en/archives/463399/preston-scott-cohen-eyebeam-project-records. 
  64. ↑ "Nader Tehrani | The Cooper Union". https://cooper.edu/architecture/people/nader-tehrani. 
  65. ↑ Ellin, Abby (2012-04-13). "Failure Is Not an Option" (in en-US). The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. https://www.nytimes.com/2012/04/15/education/edlife/failure-is-not-an-option.html. 
  66. ↑ Lenburg, Jeff (2006) (in en). Who's who in Animated Cartoons: An International Guide to Film & Television's Award-winning and Legendary Animators. Hal Leonard Corporation. ISBN 978-1-55783-671-7. https://books.google.com/books?id=FVShFCjVzvIC&q=seth+macfarlane+rhode+island+school+of+design+1996&pg=PA221. Retrieved 2020-10-28. 
  67. ↑ Laster, Paul (2017-12-12). "Jemima Kirke, Painter of Brides, Thinks There's One Good Excuse to Get Married" (in en). https://garage.vice.com/en_us/article/ywnwq5/jemima-kirke-bride-paintings. 
  68. ↑ 68.0 68.1 "Nickelodeon Establishes Avatar Studios, Brand-New Content Division Devoted to Expanding the World of Avatar: The Last Airbender and The Legend of Korra". February 21, 2021. https://www.paramount.com/press/nickelodeon-establishes-avatar-studios-brand-new-content-division-devoted-to-expanding-the-world-of-avatar-the-last-airbender-and-the-legend-of-korra. 
  69. ↑ "Filmmaker Gus Van Sant has always been a painter at heart" (in en). https://www.timeout.com/newyork/art/gus-van-sant. 
  70. ↑ "Interview with Robert Richardson, ASC" (in en-US). https://www.globalcinematography.com/gci-journal/2019/1/10/interview-with-robert-richardson-asc. 
  71. ↑ Cutler, Jacqueline. "Talking Heads drummer doesn't miss a beat chronicling a life in rock and roll". https://www.nydailynews.com/news/national/ny-chris-frantz-talking-head-book-20200717-j3cm6vczqngltinfl56rjj2hhu-story.html. 
  72. ↑ "Forbes Billionaires 2020". https://www.forbes.com/billionaires/. 
  73. ↑ Busulwa, Richard; Birdthistle, Naomi; Dunn, Steve (2020-01-29) (in en). Startup Accelerators: A Field Guide. John Wiley & Sons. ISBN 978-1-119-63859-9. https://books.google.com/books?id=hKjDDwAAQBAJ&q=joe+gebbia+BFA+risd&pg=PA69. Retrieved 2020-10-28. 
  74. ↑ "Diane Arbus" (in en). 2019-03-17. https://www.icp.org/browse/archive/constituents/diane-arbus. 
  75. ↑ "No Fear of Failure" (in en). https://our.risd.edu/post/117082841059/no-fear-of-failure. 
  76. ↑ Neumann, Friedrich St Florian and Dietrich. "St. Florian and Neumann: Let's dare to change Providence's skyline" (in en). https://www.providencejournal.com/opinion/20161129/st-florian-and-neumann-lets-dare-to-change-providences-skyline. 
  77. ↑ "Victor Papanek" (in en). https://www.oxfordreference.com/view/10.1093/oi/authority.20110803100304451. 
  78. ↑ "Lahiri, Jhumpa | Encyclopedia.com". https://www.encyclopedia.com/arts/culture-magazines/lahiri-jhumpa. 
  79. ↑ "Rockwell K. DuMoulin" (in en-US). The New York Times. 1983-02-18. ISSN 0362-4331. https://www.nytimes.com/1983/02/18/obituaries/rockwell-k-dumoulin.html. 

External links

[ ⚑ ] 41°49′34″N 71°24′28″W / 41.82611°N 71.40778°W / 41.82611; -71.40778

Template:Rhode Island School of Design



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