Physics:Delta E effect
The Delta E (ΔE) effect is a magnetomechanical effect. The name refers to changes in the effective elastic moduli of a magnetostrictive material, particularly the Young's modulus E, when a magnetic field is applied to a material.
This effect is connected to the tendency of a previously bent rod, made of magnetostrictive material, to straighten when subjected to a magnetic field applied along the rod's axis.[1] This macroscopic effect is sometimes called the Guillemin effect, attributed to Claude-Marie Guillemin who first discussed the effect in 1846.[2][3][4] The first explanations to the ΔE effect were given in the 1930s.[5]
Description
The ΔE effect is often just considered in terms of a change of the effective Young modulus of a material under the application of a magnetic field. It is a consequence of the geometry and magnetic anisotropy of the magnetic domains.[6] The Young's modulus changes from zero field to saturation.[6] The change in theYoung's modulus ΔE is written as
where
is the Young modulus at saturation and
is the Young modulus in the unsaturated state.[6] The effect is more general than this, and leads to changes in the values of all components of the elastic modulus tensor in a magnetic field.[7]
Applications
The ΔE effect is used in applications to build actuators and sensors.[6]
See also
References
- ↑ Garshelis, Ivan J.; Kari, Ryan J. (2017). "Stimulating Vibration in Magnetoelastic Beams by the Circumferential Fields of Conducted Currents". IEEE Transactions on Magnetics 53 (7): 1–10. doi:10.1109/TMAG.2017.2674604. ISSN 0018-9464. Bibcode: 2017ITM....5374604G.
- ↑ A. Guillemin , Compte rend., 22, p.264 and 432, 1846
- ↑ (in fr) Archives des sciences physiques et naturelles: Tables générales des auteurs et des matières de 1846 à 1878. 1886. p. 130. https://www.google.fr/books/edition/Archives_des_sciences_physiques_et_natur/jEI-7JRSauIC?hl=en&gbpv=1&dq=%22C.-M.+Guillemin%22+1849&pg=PA430&printsec=frontcover.
- ↑ Mellor, Joseph William (1960). A comprehensive treatise on inorganic and theoretical chemistry. Internet Archive. London : Longmans. p. 277. http://archive.org/details/comprehensivetre0013mell.
- ↑ Bozorth, Richard M. (1951). Ferromagnetism. New York: Van Nostrand. p. 684. http://archive.org/details/in.ernet.dli.2015.140821.
- ↑ 6.0 6.1 6.2 6.3 Chopra, Inderjit; Sirohi, Jayant (2014) (in en). Smart Structures Theory. Cambridge University Press. ISBN 978-0-521-86657-6. https://books.google.com/books?id=KqsqAgAAQBAJ&dq=delta+e+effect&pg=PR13.
- ↑ Spetzler, Benjamin; Golubeva, Elizaveta V.; Friedrich, Ron-Marco; Zabel, Sebastian; Kirchhof, Christine; Meyners, Dirk; McCord, Jeffrey; Faupel, Franz (2021-03-12). "Magnetoelastic Coupling and Delta-E Effect in Magnetoelectric Torsion Mode Resonators" (in en). Sensors 21 (6): 2022. doi:10.3390/s21062022. ISSN 1424-8220. PMID 33809318. Bibcode: 2021Senso..21.2022S.
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