Physics:Quantum engineering

From HandWiki

Quantum engineering is the development of technology that capitalizes on the laws of quantum mechanics. Quantum engineering uses quantum mechanics as a toolbox for the development of quantum technologies, such as quantum sensors or quantum computers. There are many devices available which rely on quantum mechanical effects and have revolutionized society through medicine, optical communication, high-speed internet, and high-performance computing, just to mention a few examples. Nowadays, after the first quantum revolution that brought us lasers, MRI imagers and transistors, a second wave of quantum technologies is expected to impact society in a similar way. This second quantum revolution makes use of quantum coherence and capitalizes on the great progress achieved in the last century in understanding and controlling atomic-scale systems. It is expected to help solve many of today's global challenges and has triggered several initiatives and research programs all over the globe. Quantum mechanical effects are used as a resource in novel technologies with far-reaching applications, including quantum sensors[1][2] and novel imaging techniques,[3] secure communication (quantum internet)[4][5][6] and quantum computing.[7][8][9][10][11]

Education programs

Quantum engineering is evolving into its own engineering discipline. The quantum industry requires a quantum-literate workforce, a missing resource at the moment. Currently, scientists in the field of quantum technology have mostly either a physics or engineering background and have acquired their ”quantum engineering skills” by experience. A survey of more than twenty companies aimed to understand the scientific, technical, and “soft” skills required of new hires into the quantum industry. Results show that companies often look for people that are familiar with quantum technologies and simultaneously possess excellent hands-on lab skills.[12]

Several technical universities have launched education programs in this domain. For example, ETH Zurich has initiated a Master of Science in Quantum Engineering, a joint venture between the electrical engineering department (D-ITET) and the physics department (D-PHYS), and the University of Waterloo has launched integrated postgraduate engineering programs within the Institute for Quantum Computing.[13][14] Similar programs are being pursued at Delft University, Technical University of Munich, MIT, CentraleSupélec and other technical universities.

Students are trained in signal and information processing, optoelectronics and photonics, integrated circuits (bipolar, CMOS) and electronic hardware architectures (VLSI, FPGA, ASIC). In addition, they are exposed to emerging applications such as quantum sensing, quantum communication and cryptography and quantum information processing. They learn the principles of quantum simulation and quantum computing, and become familiar with different quantum processing platforms, such as trapped ions, and superconducting circuits. Hands-on laboratory projects help students to develop the technical skills needed for the practical realization of quantum devices, consolidating their education in quantum science and technologies.

See also

References

  1. ↑ Degen, C. L.; Reinhard, F.; Cappellaro, P. (2017-07-25). "Quantum sensing". Reviews of Modern Physics 89 (3): 035002. doi:10.1103/RevModPhys.89.035002. Bibcode: 2017RvMP...89c5002D. https://link.aps.org/doi/10.1103/RevModPhys.89.035002. 
  2. ↑ Boss, J. M.; Cujia, K. S.; Zopes, J.; Degen, C. L. (2017-05-26). "Quantum sensing with arbitrary frequency resolution" (in en). Science 356 (6340): 837–840. doi:10.1126/science.aam7009. ISSN 0036-8075. PMID 28546209. Bibcode: 2017Sci...356..837B. https://www.science.org/doi/10.1126/science.aam7009. 
  3. ↑ Moreau, Paul-Antoine; Toninelli, Ermes; Gregory, Thomas; Padgett, Miles J. (2019). "Imaging with quantum states of light" (in en). Nature Reviews Physics 1 (6): 367–380. doi:10.1038/s42254-019-0056-0. ISSN 2522-5820. Bibcode: 2019NatRP...1..367M. https://www.nature.com/articles/s42254-019-0056-0. 
  4. ↑ Liao, Sheng-Kai; Cai, Wen-Qi; Liu, Wei-Yue; Zhang, Liang; Li, Yang; Ren, Ji-Gang; Yin, Juan; Shen, Qi et al. (2017). "Satellite-to-ground quantum key distribution" (in en). Nature 549 (7670): 43–47. doi:10.1038/nature23655. ISSN 1476-4687. PMID 28825707. Bibcode: 2017Natur.549...43L. https://www.nature.com/articles/nature23655. 
  5. ↑ Yin, Juan; Li, Yu-Huai; Liao, Sheng-Kai; Yang, Meng; Cao, Yuan; Zhang, Liang; Ren, Ji-Gang; Cai, Wen-Qi et al. (2020). "Entanglement-based secure quantum cryptography over 1,120 kilometres" (in en). Nature 582 (7813): 501–505. doi:10.1038/s41586-020-2401-y. ISSN 1476-4687. PMID 32541968. Bibcode: 2020Natur.582..501Y. https://www.nature.com/articles/s41586-020-2401-y. 
  6. ↑ Chen, Yu-Ao; Zhang, Qiang; Chen, Teng-Yun; Cai, Wen-Qi; Liao, Sheng-Kai; Zhang, Jun; Chen, Kai; Yin, Juan et al. (2021). "An integrated space-to-ground quantum communication network over 4,600 kilometres" (in en). Nature 589 (7841): 214–219. doi:10.1038/s41586-020-03093-8. ISSN 1476-4687. PMID 33408416. Bibcode: 2021Natur.589..214C. https://www.nature.com/articles/s41586-020-03093-8. 
  7. ↑ Ladd, T. D.; Jelezko, F.; Laflamme, R.; Nakamura, Y.; Monroe, C.; O’Brien, J. L. (2010). "Quantum computers" (in en). Nature 464 (7285): 45–53. doi:10.1038/nature08812. ISSN 1476-4687. PMID 20203602. Bibcode: 2010Natur.464...45L. https://www.nature.com/articles/nature08812. 
  8. ↑ Arute, Frank; Arya, Kunal; Babbush, Ryan; Bacon, Dave; Bardin, Joseph C.; Barends, Rami; Biswas, Rupak; Boixo, Sergio et al. (2019). "Quantum supremacy using a programmable superconducting processor" (in en). Nature 574 (7779): 505–510. doi:10.1038/s41586-019-1666-5. ISSN 1476-4687. PMID 31645734. Bibcode: 2019Natur.574..505A. https://www.nature.com/articles/s41586-019-1666-5. 
  9. ↑ Georgescu, Iulia (2020). "Trapped ion quantum computing turns 25" (in en). Nature Reviews Physics 2 (6): 278. doi:10.1038/s42254-020-0189-1. ISSN 2522-5820. Bibcode: 2020NatRP...2..278G. 
  10. ↑ MacQuarrie, Evan R.; Simon, Christoph; Simmons, Stephanie; Maine, Elicia (2020). "The emerging commercial landscape of quantum computing" (in en). Nature Reviews Physics 2 (11): 596–598. doi:10.1038/s42254-020-00247-5. ISSN 2522-5820. Bibcode: 2020NatRP...2..596M. https://www.nature.com/articles/s42254-020-00247-5. 
  11. ↑ Zhong, Han-Sen; Wang, Hui; Deng, Yu-Hao; Chen, Ming-Cheng; Peng, Li-Chao; Luo, Yi-Han; Qin, Jian; Wu, Dian et al. (2020). "Quantum computational advantage using photons" (in en). Science 370 (6523): 1460–1463. doi:10.1126/science.abe8770. ISSN 0036-8075. PMID 33273064. Bibcode: 2020Sci...370.1460Z. https://www.science.org/doi/10.1126/science.abe8770. 
  12. ↑ Fox, Michael F. J.; Zwickl, Benjamin M.; Lewandowski, H. J. (2020). "Preparing for the quantum revolution: What is the role of higher education?" (in en). Physical Review Physics Education Research 16 (2): 020131. doi:10.1103/PhysRevPhysEducRes.16.020131. ISSN 2469-9896. Bibcode: 2020PRPER..16b0131F. https://link.aps.org/doi/10.1103/PhysRevPhysEducRes.16.020131. 
  13. ↑ "Programs | Institute for Quantum Computing" (in en). https://uwaterloo.ca/institute-for-quantum-computing/programs. 
  14. ↑ "Master in Quantum Engineering" (in en). https://master-qe.ethz.ch/. 



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