Pirate Party

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Short description: Type of political party
For specific political parties with this name, see Organization:List of Pirate Parties.
Pirate Party
IdeologyPirate politics

Template:Pirate Party sidebar

Pirate Party is a label adopted by various political parties worldwide that share a set of values and policies focused on civil rights in the digital age.[4]Cite error: Closing </ref> missing for <ref> tag[5][6][7][8][9] Ultimately, the protection of individual freedom stands at the core of their political agenda, seen as a bulwark against the growing power of corporations and governments in controlling information and digital autonomy. This aligns perfectly with the cyber-libertarian values and principles.[10]

Rather than completely rejecting the traditional political spectrum left–right, Pirate Parties operate on a distinct political axis that political scientists might call authoritarian-anarchist or centralized-distributed in the digital and technological spheres. Therefore, they tend to combine libertarian and anarchist elements on digital issues with progressive (from the American point of view) positions on social issues,[11] while most political pirates support antitrust, enhancement and protection of free market competition against anti-competitive measures, be them state or private.[12]

History

The first Pirate Party to be established was the Pirate Party of Sweden (Swedish: Piratpartiet), whose website was launched on 1 January 2006 by Rick Falkvinge. Falkvinge was inspired to found the party after he found that Swedish politicians were generally unresponsive to Sweden's debate over changes to copyright law in 2005.[13]

The United States Pirate Party was founded on 6 June 2006 by University of Georgia graduate student Brent Allison. The party's concerns were abolishing the Digital Millennium Copyright Act, reducing the length of copyrights from 95 years after publication or 70 years after the author's death to 14 years, and the expiry of patents that do not result in significant progress after four years, as opposed to 20 years. However, Allison stepped down as leader three days after founding the party.[14]

The Pirate Party of Austria (German: Piratenpartei Österreichs) was founded in July 2006 in the run-up to the 2006 Austrian legislative election by Florian Hufsky and Jürgen "Juxi" Leitner.[15]

The Pirate Party of Finland was founded in 2008 and entered the official registry of Finnish political parties in 2009.

The Pirate Party of the Czech Republic (Czech: Česká pirátská strana) was founded on 19 April 2009 by Jiří Kadeřávek.

The 2009 European Parliament election took place between the 4 and 7 June 2009, and various Pirate Parties stood candidates. The most success was had in Sweden, where the Pirate Party of Sweden won 7.1% of the vote, and had Christian Engström elected as the first ever Pirate Party Member of European Parliament (MEP).[16][17] Following the introduction of the Treaty of Lisbon, the Pirate Party of Sweden were afforded another MEP in 2011, that being Amelia Andersdotter.

On 30 July 2009, the Pirate Party UK was registered with the Electoral Commission. Its first party leader was Andrew Robinson, and its treasurer was Eric Priezkalns.[18][19][20]

In April 2010, an international organisation to encourage cooperation and unity between Pirate Parties, Pirate Parties International, was founded in Belgium.[21]

In the 2011 Berlin state election to the Abgeordnetenhaus of Berlin, the Pirate Party of Berlin (a state chapter of Pirate Party Germany) won 8.9% of the vote, which corresponded to winning 15 seats.[22][23] John Naughton, writing for The Guardian, argued that the Pirate Party of Berlin's success could not be replicated by the Pirate Party UK, as the UK does not use a proportional representation electoral system.[24]

In the 2013 Icelandic parliamentary election, the Icelandic Pirate Party won 5.1% of the vote, returning three Pirate Party Members of Parliament. Those were Birgitta Jónsdóttir for the Southwest Constituency, Helgi Hrafn Gunnarsson for Reykjavik Constituency North and Jón Þór Ólafsson for Reykjavik Constituency South.[25][26] Birgitta had previously been an MP for the Citizens' Movement (from 2009 to 2013), representing Reykjavik Constituency South. As of 2015, it was the largest political party in Iceland, with 23.9% of the vote.[27]

The 2014 European Parliament election took place between 22 and 24 May. Felix Reda was at the top of the list for Pirate Party Germany, and was subsequently elected as the party received 1.5% of the vote. Other notable results include the Czech Pirate Party, who received 4.8% of the vote, meaning they were only 0.2% shy of getting elected, the Pirate Party of Luxembourg, who received 4.2% of the vote, and the Pirate Party of Sweden, who received 2.2% of the vote, but lost both their MEPs.[28]

Reda had previously worked as an assistant in the office of former Pirate Party MEP Amelia Andersdotter.[29] On 11 June 2014, Reda was elected vice-president of the Greens/EFA group in the European Parliament.[30] Reda was given the job of copyright reform rapporteur.[31]

In February 2015, the Pirate Party of Romania achieved a historic legal victory by successfully challenging the constitutionality of Romania's political party registration fundamental law. Starting the legal procedure in February 2014,[32] the party demonstrated through an unconstitutionality procedure that a fundamental electoral law was unconstitutional. This led to the Constitutional Court of Romania changing the requirements for political party registration from a mandatory minimum of 25,000 signatures (with at least 250 signatures from a minimum of 17 counties) to only 3 founding members, a legislation that remains in effect today.[33][34][35] Following this success, PPRO was automatically registered by its own constitutional change, marking it as one of the first political pirate parties in history to successfully change legislation without being part of Parliament. The Pirate Party of Romania had been attempting to register as a political party since June 2009, but was unable to do so due to Romania's strict party registration legislation.[36]

The Icelandic Pirate Party was leading the national polls in March 2015, with 23.9%. The Independence Party polled 23.4%, only 0.5% behind the Pirate Party. According to the poll, the Pirate Party would win 16 seats in the Althing.[37][38] In April 2016, in the wake of the Panama Papers scandal, polls showed the Icelandic Pirate Party at 43% and the Independence Party at 21.6%,[39] although the Pirate Party eventually won 15% of the vote and 10 seats in the 29 October 2016 parliamentary election.

In April 2017, a group of students at University of California, Berkeley formed a Pirate Party to participate in the Associated Students of the University of California senate elections, winning the only third-party seat.[40]

The Czech Pirate Party entered the Chamber of Deputies of the Czech Parliament for the first time after the election held on 20 and 21 October 2017, with 10.8% of the vote.

The Czech Pirate Party, after finishing in second place with 17.1% of the vote in the 2018 Prague municipal election held on 5 and 6 October 2018, formed a coalition with Prague Together and United Forces for Prague (TOP 09, Mayors and Independents, KDU-ČSL, Liberal-Environmental Party and SNK European Democrats). The representative of the Czech Pirate Party, Zdeněk Hřib, was selected to be Mayor of Prague. This was probably the first time a pirate party member became the mayor of a major world city.

At the 2019 European Parliament election, three Czech Pirate MEPs and one German Pirate MEP were voted in and joined the Greens–European Free Alliance, the aforementioned group in the European Parliament that had previously included Swedish Pirate MEPs and German Julia Reda.

Some campaigns have included demands for the reform of copyright and patent laws.[41] In 2010, Swedish MEP Christian Engström called for supporters of amendments to the Data Retention Directive to withdraw their signatures, citing a misleading campaign.[42]

International organizations

  Elected in EU Parliament
  Elected nationally
  Elected locally
  Registered for elections
  Registered in some administrative regions
  Unregistered but active
  Status unknown

Pirate Parties International

Main article: Organization:Pirate Parties International

Pirate Parties International (PPI) is the umbrella organization of the national Pirate Parties. Since 2006, the organization has existed as a loose union[43] of the national parties. Since October 2009, Pirate Parties International has had the status of a non-governmental organization (Feitelijke vereniging) based in Belgium. The organization was officially founded at a conference from 16 to 18 April 2010 in Brussels, when the organization's statutes were adopted by the 22 national pirate parties represented at the event.[44]

European Pirate Party

Main article: Organization:European Pirate Party

The European Pirate Party (PPEU) is a European political alliance founded in March 2014 which consists of various pirate parties within European countries.[45] It is not currently registered as a European political party.[46]

Parti Pirate Francophone

In Parti Pirate Francophone, the French-speaking Pirate Parties are organized. Current members are the pirates parties in Belgium, Côte d'Ivoire, France, Canada, and Switzerland.[47]

European Parliament elections

2009

State Date % Seats
Sweden 2009 7.1 2
Germany 2009 0.9 0

2013

State Date % Seats
Croatia* 2013 1.1 0

*Held in 2013 due to Croatia's entry into EU

2014

State Date % Seats
United Kingdom1 2014 0.5 0
Netherlands 2014 0.9 0
Austria2 2014 2.1 0
Croatia 2014 0.4 0
Czech Republic 2014 4.8 0
Finland 2014 0.7 0
France 2014 0.3 0
Germany 2014 1.5 1
Greece3 2014 0.9 0
Estonia4 2014 1.8 0
Luxembourg 2014 4.2 0
Poland 2014 <0.1 0
Slovenia 2014 2.6 0
Spain 2014 0.2 0
Sweden 2014 2.2 0

1Party only participated in North West England constituency
2PPAT is in alliance with two other parties: The Austrian Communist Party and Der Wandel. The alliance is called "Europa Anders" and also includes some independents in their lists
3with Ecological Greens
4an independent candidate (Silver Meikar) who supported the European pirate movement program[48] (helped out by members of the Estonian Pirate Party, which is not an official political party[49])

2019

State Date Votes % Seats
Czech Republic 2019 330,844 14.0 3
Finland 2019 12,579 0.7 0
France 2019 30,105 0.1 0
Germany 2019 243,302 0.7 1
Italy 2019 60,809 0.2 0
Luxembourg 2019 96,579 7.7 0
Spain 2019 16,755 0.1 0
Sweden 2019 26,526 0.6 0

2024

State Date Votes % Seats
Czech Republic 7-8 June 2024 184,091 6.20 1
France 9 June 2024 28,745 0.12 0
Germany 9 June 2024 186,773 0.47 0
Luxembourg 9 June 2024 68,085 4.92 0
Spain 9 June 2024 14,484 0.08 0
Sweden 9 June 2024 15,403 0.37 0

National elections

Template:Update table

Country Date % Seats
Sweden 2006 0.6 0/349
Germany 2009 2.0 0/622
Sweden 2010 0.7 0/349
United Kingdom 2010 0.4 0/650
Netherlands 2010 0.1 0
Finland 2011 0.5 0
Canada 2011 <0.1 0
Switzerland 2011 0.5 0
Spain 2011 0.1 0
Greece 2012 0.5 0
Greece 2012 0.2 0
Netherlands 2017 0.3 0
Israel 2013 0.1 0
Iceland 2013 5.1 3/63
Iceland 2016 14.5 10/63
Iceland 2017 9.2 6/63
Iceland 2021 8.6 6/63
Iceland 2024 3.02 0/63
Australia 2013 0.3 0
Australia 2016 <0.1 0
Australia 2019 TBA 0
Australia (as Fusion Party) 2022 TBA 0
Norway 2013 0.3 0
Germany 2013 2.2 0
Austria 2013 0.8 0
Luxembourg 2013 2.9 0
Slovenia 2014 1.3 0
Sweden 2014 0.4 0
Israel 2015 <0.1 0
Finland 2015 0.9 0
United Kingdom 2015 <0.1 0
Germany 2017 0.4 0
Czech Republic 2017 10.8 22/200
Iceland 2017 9.2 6/63
Slovenia 2018 2.2 0
Sweden 2018 0.1 0
Luxembourg 2018 6.5 2/60
Israel 2019 <0.1 0
Finland 2019 0.6 0
Belgium 2019 0.1 0
Czech Republic 2025 9 18/200

Elected representatives

Representatives of the Pirate Party movement that have been elected to a national or supranational legislature.

Pirate Party of Sweden

  • Christian Engström, former MEP for Sweden (2009–2014)
  • Amelia Andersdotter, former MEP for Sweden (2011–2014)

Czech Pirate Party

Czech Pirate Party MPs in 2019

Chamber of Deputies of the Czech Republic

Since the 2021 Czech legislative election, the following 4 MPs are in office:

  • Jakub Michálek, MP for Prague (2017–)
  • Olga Richterová, MP for Prague (2017–)
  • Ivan Bartoš, MP for Central Bohemia (2017–2021), MP for Ústí nad Labem (2021–), Leader of the Czech Pirate Party and Minister of Regional Development (2021–2024)
  • Klára Kocmanová, MP for Central Bohemia (2021–)

The following served as MPs during the 2017–2021 term:

  • Dana Balcarová, MP for Prague
  • Ondřej Profant, MP for Prague
  • Jan Lipavský, MP for Prague, later the Foreign Affairs minister (2021–), though he left the Pirates in 2024 when the party left government.[50]
  • Lenka Kozlová, MP for Central Bohemia
  • František Kopřiva, MP for Central Bohemia
  • Lukáš Kolařík, MP for South Bohemia
  • Lukáš Bartoň, MP for Plzeň
  • Petr Třešnák, MP for Karlovy Vary
  • František Navrkal, MP for Ústí nad Labem (2019–)[51]
  • Tomáš Martínek, MP for Liberec
  • Martin Jiránek, MP for Hradec Králové
  • Mikuláš Ferjenčík, MP for Pardubice
  • Jan Pošvář, MP for Vysočina
  • Radek Holomčík, MP for South Moravia[52][53]
  • Tomáš Vymazal, MP for South Moravia[54][55]
  • Vojtěch Pikal, MP for Olomouc
  • František Elfmark, MP for Zlín
  • Lukáš Černohorský, MP for Moravian-Silesian
  • Ondřej Polanský, MP for Moravian-Silesian
  • Mikuláš Peksa, MP for Ústí nad Labem (2017–2019), then elected to European Parliament

Senate of the Czech Republic

Since the 2024 Czech senate election, the party had 1 senator, but she left the Pirates in 2025. She is still a supporter of the Pirates.[56]

The following are former senators:

  • Adéla Šípová, Senator for Kladno (2020–2025)
  • Libor Michálek, former Senator for Prague 2 (2012–2018)
  • Lukáš Wagenknecht, former Senator for Prague 8 (2018–2024)

European Parliament

Since the 2024 EU elections, the party has 1 MEP:

  • Markéta Gregorová, MEP for Czech Republic (2019–)

The following are former MEPs:

  • Marcel Kolaja, MEP for Czech Republic (2019–2024)
  • Mikuláš Peksa, MEP for Czech Republic (2019–2024)

Pirate Party Germany

Since the 2024 EU elections, the party does not have any national elected representatives. The former MEPs are as follows:

  • Patrick Breyer, former MEP for Germany (2019–2024)
  • Felix Reda, former MEP for Germany (2014–2019)

Pirate Party Iceland

Since the 2024 parliamentary election, the party does not have any national elected representatives. The former MPs are as follows:

  • Andrés Ingi Jónsson, MP for Reykjavík North (2016–), originally as a member of the Left-Green Movement, member of the Pirate Party (2021–2024)
  • Arndís Anna Kristínardóttir Gunnarsdóttir, MP for Reykjavík South (2021–2024)
  • Björn Leví Gunnarsson, MP for Reykjavík North (2016–2017) and later for Reykjavík South (2017–2024)
  • Gísli Rafn Ólafsson, MP for Southwest (2021–2024)
  • Halldóra Mogensen, MP for Reykjavík North (2016–2024)
  • Þórhildur Sunna Ævarsdóttir, MP for Southwest (2016–2017), for Reykjavík South (2017–2021), and for Southwest (2021–2024)
  • Birgitta Jónsdóttir, MP for Reykjavík South (2009–2013), and for Southwest (2013–2017)
  • Ásta Guðrún Helgadóttir, MP for Reykjavík South (2015–2017)
  • Einar Brynjólfsson, MP for Northeast (2016–2017)
  • Eva Pandóra Baldursdóttir, MP for Northwest (2016–2017)
  • Gunnar Hrafn Jónsson, MP for Reykjavík South (2016–2017)
  • Helgi Hrafn Gunnarsson, MP for Reykjavík North (2013–2016, 2017–2021)
  • Jón Þór Ólafsson, MP for Reykjavík South (2013–2015) and for Southwest (2016–2021)
  • Smári McCarthy, MP for Southwest (2016–2021)

Pirate Party Luxembourg

  • Sven Clement, MP for Centre (2018–)
  • Marc Goergen, MP for South (2018–)
  • Ben Polidori, MP for North (2023–2024), left the party in 2024 and joined LSAP[57]

National parties

Main article: Organization:List of Pirate Parties

Outside Sweden, pirate parties have been started in over 40 countries,[58] inspired by the Swedish initiative.

See also

References

  1. ↑ "Uppsala Declaration". https://archive.org/details/UppsalaDeclaration. 
  2. ↑ "Pirate Politics: The New Information Policy Battles" (PDF). https://www.diva-portal.org/smash/get/diva2%3A799075/FULLTEXT01.pdf. 
  3. ↑ "Economy & Finances". https://european-pirateparty.eu/programme/economy-finances/. 
  4. ↑ Fredriksson, Martin (2015). "Piracy & Social Change| The Pirate Party and the Politics of Communication". International Journal of Communication 9: 909–924. https://ijoc.org/index.php/ijoc/article/view/3742. Retrieved 28 March 2023. 
  5. ↑ Gerbaudo, Paolo (2019). The Digital Party: Political Organisation and Online Democracy. Pluto Press. ISBN 9780745335797. https://www.plutobooks.com/9780745335797/the-digital-party/. Retrieved 27 March 2023. 
  6. ↑ Beyer, Jessica L. (2014). "The Emergence of a Freedom of Information Movement: Anonymous, WikiLeaks, the Pirate Party, and Iceland". Journal of Computer-Mediated Communication 19 (2): 141–154. doi:10.1111/jcc4.12050. 
  7. ↑ Hartleb, Florian (2013). "Anti-elitist cyber parties?". Journal of Public Affairs 13 (4): 355–369. doi:10.1002/pa.1480. https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/pa.1480. Retrieved 27 March 2023.  closed access
  8. ↑ Fredriksson, Martin; Arvanitakis, James (2015). "Piracy, Property and the Crisis of Democracy". JeDEM 7 (1): 134–150. doi:10.29379/jedem.v7i1.365. https://jedem.org/index.php/jedem/article/view/365. Retrieved 28 March 2023. 
  9. ↑ Fredriksson, Martin (2015). "Piracy & Social Change| The Pirate Party and the Politics of Communication". International Journal of Communication 9: 909–924. https://ijoc.org/index.php/ijoc/article/view/3742. Retrieved 28 March 2023. 
  10. ↑ Dahlberg, Lincoln (2017). "Cyberlibertarianism". Oxford Research Encyclopedia of Communication. doi:10.1093/acrefore/9780190228613.013.70. ISBN 978-0-19-022861-3. https://oxfordre.com/communication/display/10.1093/acrefore/9780190228613.001.0001/acrefore-9780190228613-e-70. Retrieved 30 March 2023.  closed access
  11. ↑ Simon, Otjes (22 January 2019). "All on the same boat? Voting for pirate parties in comparative perspective". Political Studies Association (SAGE Publishing) 40 (1): 38–53. doi:10.1177/0263395719833274. https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/pdf/10.1177/0263395719833274. "This indicates that instead of not appealing along left-right lines at all, pirate party's left-right appeal is context-dependent. Moreover, it is more closely related to sympathy for these parties than to party choice'. (Page 49)". 
  12. ↑ "Economy & Finances". https://european-pirateparty.eu/programme/economy-finances/. ""The Pirates aim to protect individuals, preserve opportunities, and promote individual autonomy and well-being by dispersing and de-concentrating public and private power. Competitive markets provide a fertile ground for entrepreneurship. Competition policy should aim to prevent excessive market concentration and monopolistic practices that hinder new businesses’ market entry."" 
  13. ↑ Anderson, Nate (26 February 2009). "Political pirates: A history of Sweden's Piratpartiet". Ars Technica. https://arstechnica.com/tech-policy/2009/02/rick-falkvinge-is-the-face/. 
  14. ↑ Downie, James (24 January 2011). "What is the Pirate Party – and why is it helping Wikileaks?". New Republic. https://newrepublic.com/article/world/81963/pirate-party-wikileaks. Retrieved 7 August 2015. 
  15. ↑ Igler, Nadja (19 September 2006). "Österreichs Piraten sehen grün" (in de). Future Zone. http://www.fuzo-archiv.at/artikel/137321v2. 
  16. ↑ "European elections 2009: Sweden's Pirate Party wins a seat in parliament". The Telegraph. 8 June 2009. https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/worldnews/europe/eu/5472520/European-elections-2009-Swedens-Pirate-Party-wins-a-seat-in-parliamentpps.html. 
  17. ↑ Edwards, Chris (11 June 2009). "Sweden's Pirate party sails to success in European elections". The Guardian. https://www.theguardian.com/technology/2009/jun/11/pirate-party-sweden. 
  18. ↑ Harris, Mark (11 August 2009). "Pirate Party UK sets sail". techradar. http://www.techradar.com/news/internet/pirate-party-uk-sets-sail-624848. 
  19. ↑ "Pirate Party launches UK poll bid". BBC News. 13 August 2009. https://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/uk_news/politics/8199143.stm. 
  20. ↑ Barnett, Emma (11 August 2009). "Pirate Party UK now registered by the Electoral Commission". The Telegraph. https://www.telegraph.co.uk/technology/news/6011356/Pirate-Party-UK-now-registered-by-the-Electoral-Commission.html. 
  21. ↑ "Pirate Parties: From digital rights to political power". BBC News. 18 October 2011. https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/technology-15288907. 
  22. ↑ Dowling, Siobhan (18 September 2011). "Pirate party snatches seats in Berlin state election". The Guardian. https://www.theguardian.com/world/2011/sep/18/pirate-party-germany-berlin-election. 
  23. ↑ Kulish, Nicholas (19 September 2011). "Pirates' Strong Showing in Berlin Elections Surprises Even Them". The New York Times. https://www.nytimes.com/2011/09/20/world/europe/in-berlin-pirates-win-8-9-percent-of-vote-in-regional-races.html?_r=1. 
  24. ↑ Naughton, John (20 September 2011). "Could the Pirate party's German success be repeated in Britain?". The Guardian. https://www.theguardian.com/commentisfree/2011/sep/20/pirate-party-german-berlin-elections?INTCMP=ILCNETTXT3487. 
  25. ↑ "Iceland vote: Centre-right opposition wins election". BBC News. 28 April 2013. https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-europe-22320282. 
  26. ↑ Penny, Laurie (8 May 2013). "Laurie Penny on Iceland's elections: A shattered fairy tale". New Statesman. http://www.newstatesman.com/politics/2013/05/icelands-elections-shattered-fairy-tale. 
  27. ↑ Edick, Cole (2015). "The Golden Age of Piracy". Harvard International Review 36 (4): 7–9. 
  28. ↑ Collentine, Josef Ohlsson (26 May 2014). "All Pirate Party votes in the EU election". Pirate Times. http://piratetimes.net/all-pirate-party-votes-in-the-eu-election-800-000-votes/. 
  29. ↑ Nordenfur, Anton (6 January 2014). "Julia Reda tops German list to European Parliament". Pirate Times. http://piratetimes.net/julia-reda-tops-german-list-to-european-parliament/. 
  30. ↑ Reda, Felix (11 June 2014). "Election as Vice-President of the Greens/EFA Group". Felix Reda. https://felixreda.eu/2014/06/election-as-vice-president-of-the-greensefa-group/. 
  31. ↑ Steadman, Ian (29 January 2015). "The Pirate Party's lone MEP might just fix copyright across the EU". New Statesman. http://www.newstatesman.com/future-proof/2015/01/pirate-partys-lone-mep-might-just-fix-copyright-across-eu. 
  32. ↑ "Pirații atacă legea partidelor la Curtea Constituțională" (in ro). VICE Romania. https://www.vice.com/ro/article/piratii-ataca-legea-partidelor-la-curtea-constitutionala/. 
  33. ↑ "Partidul Pirat din România schimbă legea partidelor politice la CCR. Nu mai e nevoie de minimum 25.000 de membri fondatori" (in ro). Gândul. https://www.gandul.ro/stiri/partidul-pirat-din-romania-schimba-legea-partidelor-politice-la-ccr-nu-mai-e-nevoie-de-minimum-25000-de-membri-fondatori-13899122. 
  34. ↑ "Oameni care schimbă lumea: Piratul care a schimbat legea partidelor" (in ro). Digi24. https://www.digi24.ro/special/reportaje/reportaj/oameni-care-schimba-lumea-piratul-care-a-schimbat-legea-partidelor-466486. 
  35. ↑ "Singuri împotriva tuturor. Românii care au schimbat legea partidelor" (in ro). Adevărul. https://adevarul.ro/stiri-locale/constanta/singuri-impotriva-tuturor-romanii-care-au-1688587.html. 
  36. ↑ "Partidul Piraților - cine este și ce își propune" (in ro). HotNews.ro. https://hotnews.ro/partidul-piratilor-cine-este-si-ce-isi-propune-754377. 
  37. ↑ Hudson, Alex (19 March 2015). "The Pirates becomes the most popular political party in Iceland". Mirror. https://www.mirror.co.uk/news/world-news/pirates-becomes-most-popular-political-5364061. 
  38. ↑ "The Pirate Party is now measured as the biggest political party in Iceland". Vísir.is. 19 March 2015. http://www.visir.is/the-pirate-party-is-now-measured-as-the-biggest-political-party-in-iceland/article/2015150318848. 
  39. ↑ Björnsson, Anna Margrét (6 April 2016). "Almost half of Icelandic nation now want the Pirate Party". Iceland Monitor. http://icelandmonitor.mbl.is/news/politics_and_society/2016/04/06/almost_half_of_icelandic_nation_now_want_the_pirate/. 
  40. ↑ Andrea Platten | Senior Staff (14 April 2017). "Executive seats split between CalSERVE, Student Action in 2017 ASUC elections". http://www.dailycal.org/2017/04/14/executive-seats-split-calserve-student-action-2017-asuc-elections/. 
  41. ↑ Copley, Caroline (20 September 2009). "Germany's 'Pirate Party' hopes for election surprise". Reuters blog (Reuters). http://blogs.reuters.com/global/2009/09/20/germanys-pirate-party-hopes-for-election-surprise/. 
  42. ↑ Engström, Christian (2 June 2010). "Urging MEPs to withdraw their Written Declaration 29 signatures". Christian Engström blog. WordPress.com. http://christianengstrom.wordpress.com/2010/06/02/urging-meps-to-withdraw-their-written-declaration-29-signatures/. 
  43. ↑ "Pirate Parties International". Wiki of Pirate Parties International. http://int.piratenpartei.de/Pirate_Parties_International. 
  44. ↑ "22 Pirate Parties from all over the world officially founded the Pirate Parties International". Pirate Parties International. 21 April 2010. http://pp-international.net/node/471. 
  45. ↑ "Here comes the European Pirate Party". PirateTimes. 30 March 2020. http://piratetimes.net/here-comes-the-european-pirate-party/. 
  46. ↑ "Registered Parties". Authority for European political parties and European political foundations. https://www.appf.europa.eu/appf/en/parties-and-foundations/registered-parties. 
  47. ↑ "Pirate Party - Telecommunication Systems - 2729 - stkip-sera.download-soalujian.com". http://stkip-sera.download-soalujian.com/IT/en/article-2619/Pirate-Parties_20896_stkip-sera-download-soalujian.html. 
  48. ↑ Meikar, Silver (2014). "Minu lubadused". http://www.meikar.ee/blog/?page_id=2737. 
  49. ↑ Piraadipartei (November 2019). "Organisatsioonist". https://piraadipartei.ee/about/. 
  50. ↑ "Foreign Minister Lipavský to remain in government as non-party member" (in en). 2024-10-01. https://english.radio.cz/foreign-minister-lipavsky-remain-government-non-party-member-8830447. 
  51. ↑ "Bc. Frantisek Navrkal". https://public.psp.cz/en/sqw/detail.sqw?id=6624. 
  52. ↑ "Mgr. Radek Holomcik". https://public.psp.cz/en/sqw/detail.sqw?id=6454. 
  53. ↑ "Bc. Frantisek Navrkal". https://public.psp.cz/en/sqw/detail.sqw?id=6624. 
  54. ↑ "Tomas Vymazal". https://public.psp.cz/en/sqw/detail.sqw?id=6489. 
  55. ↑ "Mgr. Radek Holomcik". https://public.psp.cz/en/sqw/detail.sqw?id=6454. 
  56. ↑ "Senátorka Šípová prchá od Pirátů - Novinky" (in cs). 2025-03-21. https://www.novinky.cz/clanek/domaci-prcha-od-piratu-40514163. 
  57. ↑ "Defection complete: Former Pirate Party MP Ben Polidori joins LSAP: statement" (in en). https://today.rtl.lu/news/luxembourg/a/2232874.html. 
  58. ↑ "Piratenpartij presenteert verkiezingsprogramma" (in nl). 3VOOR12 NL. 20 May 2010. http://3voor12.vpro.nl/artikelen/artikel/43501086. 
  59. ↑ "Economy & Finances". https://european-pirateparty.eu/programme/economy-finances/. ""Cryptocurrency. We, as the Pirates, see the potential of crypto assets and that they may have a positive role in economic development. We want to protect cash for its anonymity, including digital cash."" 
  60. ↑ Ludlow, Peter (2001). Crypto Anarchy, Cyberstates, and Pirate Utopias. MIT Press. https://monoskop.org/images/4/42/Ludlow_Peter_Crypto_Anarchy_Cyberstates_and_Pirate_Utopias.pdf. Retrieved 8 October 2025. 



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