Place:Gidaya

From HandWiki

Gidaya (Harari: ጊዳየ Gidayä; Somali: Gidaaya), also known as Gedaya or Jidaya was a historical Muslim state located around present-day eastern Ethiopia.[1][2][3][4] The state was positioned on the Harar plateau and a district of Adal region alongside Hargaya and Hubat polities.[5][6][7][8] It neighbored other states in the medieval era including Ifat, Mora, Hadiya, Fatagar, Biqulzar, Fedis and Kwelgora.[9][10]

History

According to Dr. Lapiso Delebo, Gidaya was one of the Islamic states that had developed in the Horn of Africa from the ninth to fourteenth centuries.[11] The people of Gidaya were reportedly a sub clan of the Harla people.[12] The earliest mention of Gidaya state is during its conflict with the Makhzumi dynasty in 1266.[13] In the thirteenth century the Arab writer al-Mufaḍḍal mentions the king of Gidaya was named Yûsuf ibn Arsamâyah.[14]

In 1285 Walasma dynasty crushed a rebellion led by Gidaya which allied with Shewa to revive the Makhzumi state.[15] In the fourteenth century it was under the Ifat Sultanate and later the Adal Sultanate with its leader known as the Garad.[16]

According to sixteenth century Adal writer Arab Faqīh, the people of Gidaya were part of the army of Ahmad ibn Ibrahim al-Ghazi during the Ethiopian-Adal war.[17][18] Ulrich Braukamper suggests that Gidaya may be linked to the Giri clan, which comprises a diverse population of Somali and Oromo descent referenced in the Futuh al-Habasha. This group currently resides in the vicinity of Jigjiga, which is believed to be the historical site of the Gidaya state.[19] Historian Amelie Chekroun however states Gidaya people in the Futuh al-Habasha text were presented as an independent group not associated with Somalis.[20]

Towns within Gidaya and other states such as Sim were reportedly surrounded by ramparts by the late sixteenth century.[21] The name Gidaya still exists as a surname in Harar, and according to researcher Mahdi Gadid, Gidaya state was primarily inhabited by Harari people before being assimilated by the Oromo and Somali people.[22][23] Historian Merid Wolde Aregay deduced that the Gidaya state language was Harari.[24] According to Harari records Gidaya state collapsed due to the Oromo migrations and famine.[25]

Legacy

Aw Gidaya is considered a saint in Harar.[26]

See also

  • Jidwaq (clan)

References

  1. ↑ Loimeier, Roman (2013). Muslim Societies in Africa A Historical Anthropology. Indiana University Press. p. 184. ISBN 9780253007971. https://books.google.com/books?id=dR5yCmUejWEC&dq=smaller+principalties+gidaya&pg=PA184. 
  2. ↑ Ethiopia: History, Culture and Challenges. LitVerlag. 2017. p. 234. ISBN 9783643908926. https://books.google.com/books?id=h-g7DwAAQBAJ&dq=islamized+polities+also+in+gidaya&pg=PA234. 
  3. ↑ Spuler, Bertold (August 1997). The Last Great Muslim Empires. BRILL. p. 170. ISBN 9004021043. https://books.google.com/books?id=-AznJs58wtkC&dq=jidaya+harar&pg=PA170. 
  4. ↑ Ende, Werner (15 December 2011). Islam in the World Today A Handbook of Politics, Religion, Culture, and Society. Cornell University Press. p. 436. ISBN 978-0801464898. https://books.google.com/books?id=-dM4hPlxMw8C&dq=jidaya+harar&pg=PA436. 
  5. ↑ Freeman-Grenville, G. S. P. (1991). The New Atlas of African History. Macmillan. p. 57. ISBN 978-0-333-55900-0. https://books.google.com/books?id=QdRKAAAAYAAJ. 
  6. ↑ Braukamper, Ulrich (2002). Islamic History and Culture in Southern Ethiopia. Lit. p. 33. ISBN 9783825856717. https://books.google.com/books?id=HGnyk8Pg9NgC&dq=sub+provinces+of+adal+:hubat&pg=PA33. 
  7. ↑ Cerulli, Enrico. Islam yesterday and today. p. 178. https://drive.google.com/file/d/1g-LkxaXWZopjLCFEuWm8wnly2lh4WvFp/view. 
  8. ↑ Gidaya. Encyclopedia Aethiopica. https://en.sewasew.com/p/gidaya-(%E1%8C%8D%E1%8B%B3%E1%8B%AB). 
  9. ↑ Schneider, Madeleine. Stèles funéraires musulmanes de la province du Choa. Annales d'Éthiopie. p. 78. https://www.persee.fr/docAsPDF/ethio_0066-2127_1970_num_8_1_883.pdf. 
  10. ↑ Hirsch, Bertrand (2020). "Le récit des guerres du roi ʿAmda Ṣeyon contre les sultanats islamiques, fiction épique du XVe siècle". Médiévales (79): 107. https://www.jstor.org/stable/27092794. 
  11. ↑ Dilebo, Lapiso (2003). An introduction to Ethiopian history from the Megalithism Age to the Republic, circa 13000 B.C. to 2000 A.D.. Commercial Printing Enterprise. OCLC 318904173. https://emu.tind.io/record/42082?ln=en. 
  12. ↑ WONDIMU, ALEMAYEHU. A CULTURAL HISTORY OF THE HARARI PEOPLE. Jimma University. p. 1. https://repository.ju.edu.et/bitstream/handle/123456789/803/Edd.%20Ful.%20%20His.%20RES.%207%20Alemayehu%2020099.pdf?sequence=1&isAllowed=y. 
  13. ↑ Mahzumi dynasty. Encyclopedia Aethiopica. https://en.sewasew.com/p/mahzumi-dynasty. 
  14. ↑ Hirsch, Bertrand (2011). "2. Le port de Zeyla et son arrière-pays au Moyen Âge : Investigations archéologiques et retour aux sources écrites". The port of Zeyla and its hinterland in the Middle Ages. Annales d'Éthiopie Hors-Série / Special Issues. French Center for Ethiopian Studies. pp. 27–74. ISBN 978-2-8218-8265-2. https://books.openedition.org/cfee/714. 
  15. ↑ Tamrat, Tadesse (1968). Church and state. University of London. p. 245. doi:10.25501/SOAS.00028644. https://eprints.soas.ac.uk/28644/1/10672804.pdf. 
  16. ↑ Garad. Encyclopedia Aethiopica. https://en.sewasew.com/p/ga-rad-(%E1%8C%88%E1%88%AB%E1%8B%B5). 
  17. ↑ Tamrat, Taddesse (November 1991). Review: Place Names in Ethiopian History. Journal of Ethiopian Studies. p. 120. https://www.jstor.org/stable/41965996. 
  18. ↑ Oliver, Roland (1975). The Cambridge History of Africa: From c. 500 B.C. to A.D. 1050. Cambridge University Press. p. 170. ISBN 9780521209816. https://books.google.com/books?id=GWjxR61xAe0C&dq=geday+cambridge&pg=PA170. 
  19. ↑ Braukamper, Ulrich (2002). Islamic History and Culture in Southern Ethiopia. Lit. p. 34. ISBN 9783825856717. https://books.google.com/books?id=HGnyk8Pg9NgC&dq=gidaya+hubat&pg=PA34. 
  20. ↑ Chekroun, Amelie. Le Futūḥ al-Ḥabaša : Écriture de l’histoire, guerre et société dans le Bar Sa’ad ad-dīn (Éthiopie, XVIe siècle). p. 192. https://core.ac.uk/download/pdf/46817155.pdf. 
  21. ↑ Mercier, Héloïse. Writing and rewriting history from Harar to Awsa : a reappraisal of the Taʾrīkh al-mulūk. Annales d'Éthiopie. p. 55. https://www.persee.fr/doc/ethio_0066-2127_2022_num_34_1_1711. 
  22. ↑ Gidaya. Encyclopedia Aethiopica. https://en.sewasew.com/p/gidaya-(%E1%8C%8D%E1%8B%B3%E1%8B%AB). 
  23. ↑ Ogot, Bethwell (1992). Africa from the Sixteenth to the Eighteenth Century. University of California Press. p. 711. ISBN 9780435948115. https://books.google.com/books?id=_dj9RRrvYjkC&dq=gidaya+hargaya&pg=PA711. 
  24. ↑ Aregay, Merid (1974). Political Geography of Ethiopia at the beginning of the Sixteenth Century. Accademia nazionale dei Lincei. p. 624. https://books.google.com/books?id=bu7QAAAAMAAJ&q=sim+hargay+gedaya. 
  25. ↑ Trimingham, J. (13 September 2013). Islam in Ethiopia. Routledge. pp. 93–94. ISBN 9781136970221. https://books.google.com/books?id=UfrcAAAAQBAJ&dq=jidaya+harar&pg=PA93. 
  26. ↑ Foucher, Emile. The Cult Of Muslim Saints In Harar: Religious Dimension. Proceedings of the Eleventh International Conference of Ethiopian Studies. p. 8. https://everythingharar.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/02/The-Cult-of-Muslim-Saints-in-Harar-Religious-Dimension-Foucher.pdf. 




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