Social:Bagri language

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Short description: Indian language
Not to be confused with Baar di boli.


Bagri
बागड़ी
The word "Bagri" written in Devanagari script
Native toIndia
RegionBagar
EthnicityRajasthani
Native speakers
8,556,652 (2011 census)[1]
Devanagari,
Official status
Recognised minority
language in
Rajasthan, Haryana, Punjab
Language codes
ISO 639-3bgq
Glottologbagr1243[3]
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Bagar Region

The Bagri (bgq) language is a dialect of Rajasthani that takes its name from the Bagar tract region of Northwestern India in the states of Rajasthan, Punjab and Haryana.[4] Bagri is a typical Indo-Aryan language akin to Rajasthani and Haryanvi with SOV word order. The most striking phonological feature of Bagri is the presence of three lexical tones: high, mid, and low, akin to Rajasthani, Haryanvi, and Punjabi. Bagri is a language of earlier Bikaner state which included district Sri Ganganagar, Hanumangarh, Churu, Bikaner of Rajasthan and Sirsa (Haryana), Hisar (Haryana), Fazilka (Punjab) at a point in time.

The speakers are mostly in India, with a minority of them in Bahawalpur and Bahawalnagar areas in modern day Pakistan, and with a majority speaker in rania,sirsa(haryana), in jaj colony. According to the 2011 census of India, there are 234,227 speakers of Bagri in Rajasthan and 1,656,588 speakers of Bagri in Punjab and Haryana.[5]

Geographical distribution

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The following table shows the Geographical distribution of Bagri speakers in the states of Rajasthan, Punjab and Haryana.
States Districts and tehsils
Rajasthan
  • Anupgarh district,
  • Sri Ganganagar district,
  • Jhunjhunu district,
  • Hanumangarh district,
  • Khajuwala, Chhatargarh, Loonkaransar, Pugal, Sri Dungargarh and Bikaner tehsils of Bikaner district,
  • Taranagar, Sardarshahar, Rajgarh, Sidhmukh, Bhanipura, Ratangarh and Churu tehsils in Churu district.[6]
Punjab
  • Abohar & Fazilka tehsils of Fazilka district,
  • Southern villages of Muktsar district.[6][7][8]
Haryana
  • Sirsa district ( not including North-eastern punjabi Kalanwali Mandi region),
  • Fatehabad district upto the Ghaggar River,[9]
  • Barwala, Adampur and Hisar tehsils of Hisar district.[6][7]
  • Siwani and western part Loharu of Bhiwani district[9]
  • Badhra tehsil of Charkhi Dadri district [9]

Features

Phonology

Bagri distinguishes 31 consonants including a retroflex series, 10 vowels, 2 diphthongs, and 3 tones.

Consonants[10]
Labial Dental Retroflex Palatal Velar Glottal
plosive Voiceless p t ʈ ⟨ṭ⟩ c k
Aspirated pʰ tʰ ʈʰ ⟨ṭh⟩ cʰ kʰ
Voiced b d ɖ ⟨ḍ⟩ ɟ ⟨j⟩ g
Breathy bʰ dʰ ɖʰ ⟨ḍh⟩ ɟʰ ⟨jh⟩ gʰ
fricative s h
sonorant Nasal m n ɳ ⟨ṇ⟩
Approximant l ɭ ⟨ḷ⟩ j ⟨y⟩ w
Flap ɽ ⟨ṛ⟩
Trill r

/ɳ/, /ɭ/ and /ɽ/ do not occur word initially.

Vowels[10]
Front Central Back
Close iː ⟨ī⟩ uː ⟨ū⟩
Near-close ɪ ⟨i⟩ ʊ ⟨u⟩
Close-mid eː ⟨e⟩ ə ⟨a⟩ oː ⟨o⟩
Open-mid ɛː ⟨ai⟩ ɔː ⟨au⟩
Open aː ⟨ā⟩

All vowels have their nasalised counterpart, marked with ◌̃ (ँ in Devanagari).

Bagri has 3 tones in a similar way to the Punjabi language. A rising-falling tone ◌́,  a rising tone ◌̀, and an unmarked mid tone.[10]

Declension

  • There are two numbers: singular and plural.
  • Two genders: masculine and feminine.
  • Three cases: simple, oblique, and vocative. Case marking is partly inflectional and partly postpositional.
  • Nouns are declined according to their final segments.
  • All pronouns are inflected for number and case but gender is distinguished only in the third person singular pronouns.
  • The third person pronouns are distinguished on the proximity/remoteness dimension in each gender.
  • Adjectives are of two types: either ending in /-o/ or not.
  • Cardinal numbers up to ten are infected.
  • Both present and past participles function as adjectives.

Verbs

  • There are three tenses and four moods.

Syntax

  • Sentence types are of traditional nature.[clarification needed]
  • Coordination and subordination are very important in complex sentences.
  • Parallel lexicon are existing and are very important from sociolinguistic point of view.[clarification needed]

Samples

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Official status

Bagari is language of Bagar region of Rajasthan extended to some parts of Punjab and Haryana and Pakistan also. Bagri is spoken by Kumawats, Jats, Rajputs, Bagri Kumhars, Suthar, Meghwal, Chamars and others casts residing there. Bagri derives its roots from Marwari when bhati dynasty ruled over the region from Bhatner, modern day Hanumangarh which is epicentre of Bagri language. Bagri culture is also same in this region . 

[11]

Work on Bagri

  • Grierson, G. A. 1908. (Reprint 1968). Linguistic Survey of India. Volume IX, Part II. New Delhi: Motilal Banarasidass
  • Gusain, Lakhan. 1994. Reflexives in Bagri. M.Phil. dissertation. New Delhi: Jawaharlal Nehru University
  • Gusain, Lakhan. 1999. A Descriptive Grammar of Bagri. Ph.D. dissertation. New Delhi: Jawaharlal Nehru University
  • Gusain, Lakhan. 2000a. Limitations of Literacy in Bagri. Nicholas Ostler & Blair Rudes (eds.). Endangered Languages and Literacy. Proceedings of the Fourth FEL Conference. University of North Carolina, Charlotte, 21–24 September 2000
  • Gusain, Lakhan. 2000b. Bagri Grammar. Munich: Lincom Europa (Languages of the World/Materials, 384)
  • Gusain, Lakhan. 2008. Bagri Learners' Reference Grammar. Ann Arbor, Michigan: Northside Publishers
  • Wilson, J. 1883. Sirsa Settlement Report. Chandigarh: Government Press

Regions where Bagri is spoken:

  • Bagri is the First language of Sri Ganganagar district, Hanumangarh district, Churu district, Bikaner district and a major language in north-western part of Jhunjhunu district in Rajasthan.
    Bagri is the First language of Sri Ganganagar district, Hanumangarh district, Churu district, Bikaner district and a major language in north-western part of Jhunjhunu district in Rajasthan.
  • Bagri is the First language in Sirsa district.
    Bagri is the First language in Sirsa district.
  • Bagri is the First language in western Fatehabad district Hisar, Bhiwani, Charkhi dadri.
    Bagri is the First language in western Fatehabad district Hisar, Bhiwani, Charkhi dadri.
  • Bagri is the major language in Fazilka district and as a minor language in southern villages of Muktsar district of Southern Punjab (India).
    Bagri is the major language in Fazilka district and as a minor language in southern villages of Muktsar district of Southern Punjab (India).

See also

  • Rajasthani language
  • List of winners of Sahitya Akademi Awards for writing in Rajasthani language
  • List of Rajasthani poets
  • List of Indian poets#Rajasthani

References

  1. ↑ "Statement 1: Abstract of speakers' strength of languages and mother tongues - 2011". Office of the Registrar General & Census Commissioner, India. http://www.censusindia.gov.in/2011Census/Language_MTs.html. 
  2. ↑ https://dspace.gipe.ac.in/xmlui/bitstream/handle/10973/18895/GIPE-070453.pdf?sequence=3&isAllowed=y%7CBagri is classified under Rajasthani language since census 1931 according to Government of India which is available in the provided official pdf
  3. ↑ Hammarström, Harald; Forkel, Robert; Haspelmath, Martin, eds (2017). "Bagri". Glottolog 3.0. Jena, Germany: Max Planck Institute for the Science of Human History. http://glottolog.org/resource/languoid/id/bagr1243. 
  4. ↑ "Revised Land and Revenue Settlement of Hisar District 9006-9011". http://revenueharyana.gov.in/html/gazeteers/revised_settlement_hisar.pdf. 
  5. ↑ Census of India 2011
  6. ↑ 6.0 6.1 6.2 Gusain, Lakhan: Reflexives in Bagri. Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi, 1994
  7. ↑ 7.0 7.1 Gusain, Lakhan: Limitations of Literacy in Bagri. Nicholas Ostler & Blair Rudes (eds.). Endangered Languages and Literacy. Proceedings of the Fourth FEL Conference. University of North Carolina, Charlotte, 21–24 September 2000
  8. ↑ Census India 2001
  9. ↑ 9.0 9.1 9.2 "The map shows study area and the Eco-cultural regions of Haryana... | Download Scientific Diagram". https://www.researchgate.net/figure/The-map-shows-study-area-and-the-Eco-cultural-regions-of-Haryana-Modified-after-Singh_fig2_364830044. 
  10. ↑ 10.0 10.1 10.2 Gusain, Lakhan. A Descriptive Grammar of Bagri. pp. 165–198. 
  11. ↑ "LANGUAGE - INDIA, STATES AND UNION TERRITORIES (Table C-16)". https://censusindia.gov.in/2011Census/C-16_25062018_NEW.pdf. 

Bibliography

  • Gusain, Lakhan (1999). A Descriptive Grammar of Bagri (PhD). Jawaharlal Nehru University. hdl:10603/16847.
  • Gusain, Lakhan (2000). Bagri. Languages of the world. Materials. Munich: LINCOM Europa. ISBN 978-3-89586-398-1. 



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