Social:Caixa 2
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Caixa 2 (Brazilian Portuguese: caixa dois pt, "cash box 2") is a term used in Brazil to refer to illegal bookkeeping practices that hide financial transactions from authorities.[1][2]
Tax evasion
Caixa dois includes methods to evade taxes by misrepresenting income. They include parallel bookkeeping, in which accounts declared to tax authorities are manipulated down in value to reduce tax burden. The difference between declared income and that actually received is said to have gone to "cashbox two". Mechanisms for manipulation include failing to invoice, or documenting different financial amounts or goods and services than in transactions that actually occurred.
Hiding illegal or unpopular transactions
Caixa dois practices may also be used by larger businesses or public entities to disguise the source of or the use of funds.[3] For example, a slush fund may be used to hide payments for illegal services such as bribes to win contracts or access to privileged information to which the payee is not entitled.[3][4]
Legal aspects
In Brazil caixa dois crimes that involve money laundering[1][5] or organized crime[1] are liable to trial at the Supreme Federal Court, the country's highest court of law.
Saco azul
In Portugal saco azul [6] is a term used to refer to the same concept as caixa dois.
See also
- Operation Car Wash
References
- ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 da Escóssia, Fernanda (2017-04-14). "Os crimes associados ao caixa 2 e por que quem paga a conta é você" (in pt). BBC Brasil. http://www.bbc.com/portuguese/brasil-39598829.
- ↑ Pacievitch, Thais (2019-04-02). "Caixa 2" (in pt). http://www.infoescola.com/economia/caixa-2/.
- ↑ 3.0 3.1 "Os crimes associados ao caixa 2 e por que quem paga a conta é você" (in pt-BR). BBC News Brasil. https://www.bbc.com/portuguese/brasil-39598829.
- ↑ Law, Jonathan (2014-05-22), "slush fund" (in en), A Dictionary of Finance and Banking (Oxford University Press), doi:10.1093/acref/9780199664931.001.0001, ISBN 978-0-19-966493-1, https://www.oxfordreference.com/display/10.1093/acref/9780199664931.001.0001/acref-9780199664931-e-3516;jsessionid=E44C36859FF4EB0DE76ECF80B10F5738, retrieved 2023-06-12
- ↑ Procuradoria da República no Ceará. "Crimes contra o sistema financeiro" (in pt). Procuradoria da República no Estado do Ceará. http://www.prce.mpf.mp.br/conteudo/nucleos/criminal/crimes/inicial/crimes-contra-sistema-financeiro.
- ↑ Rocha, Maria Regina (24 January 2003). "Saco azul (I)" (in pt). Ciberdúvidas da Língua Portuguesa. https://ciberduvidas.iscte-iul.pt/consultorio/perguntas/saco-azul-i/10219.
External links
- Legislação brasileira traduzida para o Inglês – official English translations of the Constitution, and dozens of other Brazilian laws
pt:Caixa dois
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