Social:Economic Freedom Fighters

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Economic Freedom Fighters
AbbreviationEFF
PresidentJulius Malema
ChairpersonVeronica Mente
Secretary-GeneralMarshall Dlamini
SpokespersonVuyani Pambo
Deputy PresidentFloyd Shivambu
Deputy Secretary-GeneralPoppy Mailola
Treasurer-GeneralOmphile Maotwe
FounderJulius Malema
Founded26 July 2013 (2013-07-26)
Split fromAfrican National Congress
Headquarters82 De Korte Street,
Johannesburg
Student wingEFF Students Command (EFFSC)
IdeologyMarxism–Leninism[1][2]
Left-wing populism[3]
Pan-Africanism[4]
Anti-capitalism[5][6]
Anti-imperialism[2]
Anti-white sentiment[7][8]
Political positionLeft-wing[9][10] to far-left[11][12][13][14]
ColoursRed[5][6][15]
Slogan"Our land and jobs, now!"[16]
National Assembly
44 / 400
National Council of Provinces
11 / 90
Pan-African Parliament
1 / 5
(South African seats)
Provincial Legislatures
50 / 430
City of Johannesburg Metropolitan Municipality (council)
30 / 270
Nelson Mandela Bay Metropolitan Municipality (council)
6 / 120
City of Cape Town (council)
7 / 231
Website
{{{1}}}

The Economic Freedom Fighters (EFF) is a South Africa n left-wing[17][18] to far-left[19][20][21] Pan-Africanist political party. It was founded by expelled former African National Congress Youth League (ANCYL) President Julius Malema, and his allies, in 2013.[22] Malema is President of the EFF, heading the Central Command Team which serves as the central structure of the party.[23]

It is currently the third-largest party in both houses of the South African Parliament.[24]

History

At a 26 July 2013 press briefing in Soweto, Malema announced that the new party had over 1000 members, double the 500 required for registration with the Independent Electoral Commission (IEC).[25] The EFF is now registered with the IEC, after an objection to its registration by the Freedom Front Plus (FF+) was dismissed in September 2013.[26]

Splinters and infighting

In 2015, the EFF suspended MP Lucky Twala and expelled three MPs, Mpho Ramakatsa, Andile Mngxitama and Khanyisile Litchfield-Tshabalala.[27] Mngxitama formed his own party, named Black First Land First (BLF),[28] while Litchfield-Tshabalala joined the United Democratic Movement.[29] Malema has been chiefly accused by former members of purging his critics to consolidate his power, thus ruling the party with an iron fist.[30] Malema acknowledged this criticism in a press conference and further went on to say, the party should have expelled more ill-disciplined members.[31][32]

Policies

A small march by the EFF on Mandela Day (18 July) 2014 near the parliament building in Cape Town protesting in support of land reform in South Africa.

The EFF "draws inspiration from the broad Marxist–Leninist tradition and Fanonian schools of thought in their analyses of the state, imperialism, culture and class contradictions in every society", according to its constitution.[1]

It criticises the African National Congress and their primary opposition, the Democratic Alliance, for their allegedly pro-business stances, which it claims have sold out the black people of South Africa to capitalism as cheap labour. It promises to tackle corruption, provide quality social housing, and provide free primary healthcare and education for all, as well as proposing to expropriate stolen land, nationalise the mining and banking sectors, double welfare grants and the minimum wage, and end the proposed toll system for highways.[33]

The EFF takes significant inspiration from Thomas Sankara in terms of both style and ideology.[34] In a May 2014 column, the prominent EFF member Jackie Shandu declared his party a "proudly Sankarist formation".[35]

The EFF has been vocal in its criticism of black business owners and black owners of mining companies in South Africa. In an address at the Oxford Union in November 2015, Malema spoke out against billionaire mining company owner Patrice Motsepe.[36][37] Further protests in 2015, the EFF delivered demands that included the socialization of the mining sector and called for more explicit targets for the 26% BEE ownership required by law.[38] The EFF is a vocal proponent of expanding the role of South African state owned enterprises in the country's economy.[39][40]

Malema addressed a crowd in Marikana, Rustenburg in the platinum mining area, blaming mining companies and calling out platinum mining company Lonmin in particular, for poverty in the region.[41]

The party supports the re-introduction of the death penalty.[42][43]

In 2016, after local elections in South Africa, the EFF has suggested that they will back the Democratic Alliance in hung-metro areas, but would not be entering into a coalition with any political party in South Africa.[44]

The EFF was the only parliamentary party that opposed the 2018 political party funding bill.[45]

High-profile members

High-profile members of the Central Command Team include Floyd Shivambu, Fana Mokoena and Mbuyiseni Ndlozi (National Spokesperson).[46] Controversial businessman Kenny Kunene joined the Central Command Team in July 2013 before resigning from the Central Command Team on 20 August 2013 and from the organisation on 26 August 2013.[47][48] On 4 November 2013, it was announced that Dali Mpofu had left the African National Congress (ANC) after 33 years of membership and joined the EFF.[49]

Support base

According to a November 2013 Ipsos survey, the party's supporters are younger than average, with 49% being younger than 24, overwhelmingly black (99%) and mostly male, with women representing only 33% of the support base. A disproportionate number of supporters live in Malema's home province of Limpopo (28%), while only 1% live in KwaZulu-Natal, a more populous province.[50] A 2018 survey conducted by social research company Citizen Surveys found that around 70% of EFF supporters were between the ages of 18 to 34, overwhelmingly black (97%), mostly based in major metropolitan cities (48%), predominantly male (62%) with 43% of their support base located in Gauteng Province.[51]

The party was expected to make an impact in the 2014 general election, taking between 4 per cent and 8 per cent of the national vote. This was potentially enough for the party to hold the balance of power in provinces where the governing African National Congress was in danger of losing its absolute majority.[33] The ANC retained is absolute majority whilst the EFF got 6.35% of the vote in the 2014 election.[52]

Student wing

The EFF Students Command (EFFSC) is the party's student wing, founded on 16 June 2015.[53][54] It campaigns for free education,[55] universal access to education and the elimination of registration fees,[56] among other things. The EFF Students Command claims a membership of about 100,000 students and has branches across all the nine provinces of South Africa. Its current leader is Mandla Shikwambana.

Election results

National elections

National Assembly

|- !Election !Total votes !Share of vote !Seats !+/– !Government |- !2014[57] |1,169,259 |6.35%

|

25 / 400

|Increase 25 |style="background: #ffdddd; color: black; vertical-align: middle; text-align: center; " class="table-no2" |in opposition |- !2019 |1,881,521 |10.79%

|

44 / 400

|Increase 19 |style="background: #ffdddd; color: black; vertical-align: middle; text-align: center; " class="table-no2" |in opposition |}

National Council of Provinces

|- !Election !Total # of
seats won !+/– |- !2014

|

7 / 90

|Increase 7 |- !2019

|

11 / 90

|Increase 4 |}

Municipal elections

|- !Election !Votes !% |- !2016[58] |3,202,679 |8.31% |- |}

Provincial elections

!rowspan=2|Election
[57][59] !colspan=2|Eastern Cape !colspan=2|Free State !colspan=2|Gauteng !colspan=2|Kwazulu-Natal !colspan=2|Limpopo !colspan=2|Mpumalanga !colspan=2|North-West !colspan=2|Northern Cape !colspan=2|Western Cape |- !%!!Seats !%!!Seats !%!!Seats !%!!Seats !%!!Seats !%!!Seats !%!!Seats !%!!Seats !%!!Seats |- !2014 |3.48%||2/63 |8.15%||2/30 |10.30%||8/73 |1.85%||2/80 |10.74%||6/49 |6.26%||2/30 |13.21%||5/33 |4.96%||2/30 |2.11%||1/42 |- !2019 |7.84%||5/63 |12.58%||4/30 |14.69%||11/73 |9.71%||8/80 |14.43%||7/49 |12.79%||4/30 |18.36%||6/33 |9.71%||3/30 |4.04%||2/42 |}

Achievements

On 6 August 2015, the EFF announced that it has secured a Constitutional Court case for its "#PayBackTheMoney" campaign against Jacob Zuma. The case was heard on 9 February 2016. The judgement was released by Chief Justice Mogoeng Mogoeng and stated that the then-President had violated the Constitution of South Africa, along with the Speaker of the National Assembly Baleka Mbete.[60] The President was given 60 days to fulfill the requirements of the Public Protector Thuli Madonsela.[61]

On 27 February 2018, the EFF tabled a motion in the National Assembly to amend the Constitution so as to allow for the expropriation of land without compensation. The motion, brought by the EFF leader Julius Malema, was adopted with a vote of 241 in support, and 83 against. The only parties who did not support the motion were the Democratic Alliance, Freedom Front Plus, COPE and the ACDP.[62] Land expropriation is one of the EFF's seven cardinal pillars.[63]

In 2018, the party's student wing, the EFF Student Command won many universities across the country. The red berets defeated the ANC-aligned South African Students Congress (SASCO) at the Durban University of Technology, the University of Zululand and Mangosuthu University of Technology.[64] They also won in Cape Town, the District Six, Mowbray and Bellville Cape Peninsula University of Technology (CPUT) campuses with landslide victories, meaning they now are in charge of the institution's SRC. They also won the University of Cape Town.[65] Peter Keetse, president of the EFFSC, said the win was a warning shot for what was going to happen in 2019 national general elections. He said the youth were the influencers of the future, "therefore, this is an indication of what is to follow".[66]

Criticisms and controversies

The ANC has accused the Zimbabwean ruling party, the Zimbabwe African National Union – Patriotic Front (ZANU–PF), of supporting the EFF in order to destabilise the ANC.[67]

In October 2018, a group of 17 former EFF members and councillors in the Northern Cape accused the party's senior leadership of corruption and sexual exploitation of more junior female party members.[68] Four months later two former female employees of the EFF claimed that party leadership intimidated and engaged in acts of bullying behaviour towards them and other party staff members.[69]

In April 2019,a former member of the EFF's central command, Thembinkosi Rawula, accused senior party leaders of dictatorial leadership practices and of using party finances for personal benefit.[70] The EFF denied Rawula's accusation and stated that they would sue him for defamation as well as make the party's financials public.[71]

The EFF was found guilty of defamation of character in May 2019, by the South Gauteng High Court and ordered to pay R500,000 in damages to former Finance Minister Trevor Manuel.[72] Manuel brought the EFF and its leader, Julius Malema, to court after they alleged that the appointment of Edward Kieswetter as commissioner of SARS by Manuel was the result of nepotism.[72][73] Following the judgement Manuel stated that he would be donating the R500,000 in damages to victims of the VBS Mutual Bank scandal which the EFF is alleged to have participated in.[74]

Following a string of court case losses for inciting supporters to commit acts of either intimidation (against Karima Brown), land invasion (AfriForum) or of defamation of character (against Trevor Manuel) the party was left with combined court costs amounting to almost R1 million.[75]

Alleged corruption

Tenders

A number of articles published by investigative journalists have accused the party of using their influence to earn improper payments from government suppliers in cities where the EFF has significant representative power.[76] An investigation by the amaBhungane centre for investigative journalism stated that the EFF received R500,000 in kickbacks from a company in return for a R1.26 billion contract to manage a fleet of vehicles used by the City of Johannesburg with tacit acquiescence of the Democratic Alliance.[77][78] Another investigation alleges that the party improperly benefited from the awarding of a fuel supply contract for the City of Tshwane netting the party R15 million from successful contractors.[79]

VBS Mutual Bank

Following the publication of a South African Reserve Bank report[80] into the collapse of VBS Mutual Bank implicating EFF deputy president Floyd Shivambu's brother media reports came out alleging that Shivambu received R10 million in illicit payments from VBS prior to it being placed under curatorship in March 2018.[81][82] Prior to the publication of the Reserve Bank's report the EFF criticised the Reserve Bank for placing VBS under curatorship and accused it of victimising VBS on racial grounds.[83] The EFF stated that it had seen no evidence that Shivambu received the R10 million[84] and called for government to recapitalise VBS Mutual Bank[85] whilst also taking legal action against those mentioned in the Reserve Bank report.[86] A follow up investigation by the Daily Maverick alleged that the EFF illicitly received R1.8 million of VBS money through a network of proxy companies with the party's leadership (notably Shivambu and Malema) also illicitly receiving money though this network.[87] After being approached by the Mail & Guardian for comment on his personal financial expenses Floyd Shivambu admitted that money from VBS, channeled through his brother, was used to buy his Range Rover Sport valued at R680,000.[88]

A follow up investigation by the Daily Maverick found that R454,000 of VBS money was used to pay for the 2017 EFF birthday celebration.[89] It also found that a total of R16.1 million was channeled through a Shivambu associated company largely for the benefit of the EFF.[89] An additional investigation traced financial statements from an account that received VBS funds and allegedly controlled by Julius Malema; leading the author of the investigation to estimate that Malema received and directly benefited from R5.3-million illegally taken from VBS.[90] Additional media reports in October 2019, alleged that the party received R4 million of VBS funds into a slush fund that was channeled to Malema via a company named Santaclara Trading.[91][92][93]

A former member of the EFF's leadership accused the party leadership of accepting donations from VBS Mutual Bank prior to its collapse.[70]

Malema later forwarded a conspiracy theory that the VBS collapse was part of a plot intended to damage the EFF.[94]

Ideology

Feminists and the National Union of Metalworkers of South Africa have criticised the party's militarism and "military command structure".[95][96]

In mid-June 2016, a group calling themselves "Anonymous Africa", claiming to be associated with the hacktivist group Anonymous, perpetrated a DDoS attack on the EFF's website stating the reason for the attack was the party's "nationalist socialist rhetoric".[97] The South African Communist Party also condemns this party.[98]

Violence and bigotry

Vusi Khoza, the party's candidate for Premier of KwaZulu-Natal, has a criminal conviction for his involvement in what was believed to be a xenophobic attack on foreigners at Albert Park, Durban in December 2009.[99]

Feminists have characterised leading members of the party as misogynist.[100][101][102][103]

On 1 July 2014, eight members of the EFF were forcibly removed from the legislature after their attire of red overalls carrying the slogan "asijiki" (meaning "we are not turning back") was found to be inappropriate by presiding officer, Ntombi Mekgwe.[104] Hundreds of EFF members protested against the ruling on 22 July near the legislature building.[105]

In February 2016, during violent university protests characterised by arson and vandalism, EFF Youth leader Omphile Seleke posted instructions for making petrol bombs on social media.[106]

In January 2018, EFF Deputy President Floyd Shivambu congratulated the party supporters for causing damage to various H&M stores[107] across South Africa due to a picture of a young black child wearing a green hoodie reading, "Coolest Monkey in the Jungle".[108][109][110][111][112][113] A Vodacom store in Polokwane was damaged and looted by EFF members following a presentation by Corruption Watch at the 2018 Vodacom Awards which included an image depicting EFF leaders Malema and Shivambu as "abusers of Democracy".[114][115]

In February 2019, after the SONA address in parliament by the SA President, EFF MP Marshall Dlamini physically assaulted a member of the presidential security team after a disagreement between EFF MPs and the security.[116]

Actions against journalists and the media

Journalist Ranjeni Munusamy lodged an affidavit in December 2018 detailing threatening remarks, intimidation, harassment and personal attacks made by party members, including Malema, towards her and other journalists[117] targeted by the party. The affidavit was supported by the South African National Editors Forum and other notable South African journalists such as Max du Preez, Pauli VanWyk, Adriaan Jurgens Basson, and Barry Bateman.[117] The EFF denied any involvement in attacks on Munusamy and other journalists.[118]

"We need to ask the IEC how such a party can be on the ballot box. It threatens journalists. It encourages its supporters to make rape threats and sexual assault threats. It wants to dictate what I can do as a journalist."
—Karima Brown[119]

South African political journalist Karima Brown was the target of verbal abuse and threats of violence by EFF supporters following the EFF's publication of her personal contact details. This led charges with the police and Equity Court being laid against the party amidst speculation that this instance might be in breach of South Africa's Electoral Code of Conduct. Parties in breach of the code risk having their registration to run in elections being revoked.[120] Malema stated on the incident that journalists have no privileges whilst accusing Brown of being a state agent and denied that EFF supporters were making threatening remarks.[121] The court found in favour of Brown and ruled that the EFF had contravened the South African electoral code by inciting its supports to harass Brown.[122]

Following the publication of an article by the amaBhungane Centre for investigative journalism looking into allegations of corruption by the EFF the party controversially announced that it would be banning both amaBhungane and the Daily Maverick from its public events[123][124][125] and announced that they would be treated an enemies of the party.[126]

In January 2020 the EFF was forced to publicly apologies and pay damages following a Gauteng High Court judgment that the party had made and spread false allegations that two journalists, Thandeka Gqubule and Anton Harber, were apartheid era 'StratCom' agents.[127][128]

Racial and ethnic prejudice

Since its establishment the EFF has made a number of controversial racially or ethnically based statements about a number of South African minority groups. The EFF is widely criticised for inciting and perpetuating racism.[129][97][130]

Anti-Indian prejudice

The South African Minority Rights Equality Movement initiated a court case against Malema for inciting racial sentiment by stating that a "majority of Indians are racist" at an EFF Youth Day rally in 2018.[131]

The EFF was criticised by the South African Council of Churches, the Ahmed Kathrada Foundation,[132] and the ANC[133] for comparing Public Enterprises Minister Pravin Gordhan to a "dog" whilst protesting against the Zondo Commission inquiry into government corruption. The EFF also accused the anti-corruption investigators of being members of an "Indian cabal" commenting on the presence of Indian South African's making up the investigative team.[134][135] The EFF also accused Gordhan and his daughter of corruption.[136] The EFF accusations were proven false[137][138] and Gordhan laid charge of defamation against Malema stating that the EFF's "determined defence of corruption and the corrupt, using personal attacks, racism and alleged hate speech is not acceptable and must be challenged."[139] The Equality Court found that the EFF was not guilty of hate speech in its statements relating to Gordhan.[140][141] EFF leadership and its supporters have been criticised for using Gordhan's second name, Jamnadas, as a racial dog whistle to highlight to his Indian ethnicity in a pejorative way and question his status as a South African on social media.[142]

ANC member and government minister Jackson Mthembu accused the EFF of being racist and having a "deep-seated hatred" for Indian South Africans whilst criticizing the party's pursuit of Gordhan whilst participating in a parliamentary debate.[143][144]

Anti-white prejudice

During a 2016 political rally, EFF leader Julius Malema stated, "We are not calling for the slaughter of white people, at least for now." When asked for comment by a news agency, the ANC spokesperson, Zizi Kodwa stated that there will be no comment from the ANC, as "[h]e [Malema] was addressing his own party supporters."[145] While still the ANCYL leader, Malema was taken to the Equality Court by AfriForum for repeatedly singing "dubul' ibhunu", which translate as "shoot the boer [white farmer]". The ANC supported Malema, though AfriForum and the ANC reached a settlement before the appeal case was due to be argued in the Supreme Court of Appeal.[146]

South Africa's Independent Electoral Commission disqualified EFF councillor Thabo Mabotja in the 2016 local elections due a tweet made by Mabotja calling for violence against white South Africans.[147][148] The EFF welcomed the commission's decision and renounced Mabotja.[149][150]

Speaking at a political rally in 2018, Malema, told supporters to "go after a white man", a reference to Nelson Mandela Bay mayor Athol Trollip, adding that "we are cutting the throat of whiteness".[151] This led to the Democratic Alliance accusing the EFF's leader, Malema, of racism and not sharing the more tolerant views of South Africans broadly.[152] The EFF later claimed that the reference to the "throat of whiteness" was a metaphorical reference to destroying white privilege and was not referring or advocating harm to white people.[153]

Following the death of former Zimbabwean President Robert Mugabe, Malema tweeted a number of controversial quotes from the late Mugabe that were racially prejudiced towards white people. Most notable was the quote that "The only white man you can trust is a dead white man".[154][155] The South African Human Rights Commission (SAHRC) condemned the quote and stated that they would be taking Malema to court for spreading hate speech.[156]

See also

References

  1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 "EFF Constitution". Economic Freedom Fighters. 16 December 2016. https://effonline.org/wp-content/uploads/2019/07/Constitution.pdf. Retrieved 25 April 2020. 
  2. ↑ 2.0 2.1 "About Us". Economic Freedom Fighters. https://effonline.org/about-us/. Retrieved 16 April 2020. 
  3. ↑ "ANC holds onto power in South Africa as other parties increase vote share". The Times of India. 11 May 2018. https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/world/rest-of-world/anc-holds-onto-power-in-south-africa-as-other-parties-increase-vote-share/articleshow/69278436.cms. 
  4. ↑ Kwinika, Savious (18 March 2019). "South Africa: Pan-African EFF Makes Most of Rival Parties' Squabbles" (in en). allAfrica. https://allafrica.com/stories/201903180741.html. Retrieved 16 April 2020. 
  5. ↑ 5.0 5.1 "Economic Freedom Fighters Party reignites debate (in English)". Al Jazeera. 14 October 2013. Archived from the original on 2 November 2013. https://web.archive.org/web/20131102192705/http://stream.aljazeera.com/story/201310142026-0023110. Retrieved 1 November 2013. 
  6. ↑ 6.0 6.1 "Hundreds gather for EFF launch (in English)". News24. 13 October 2013. Archived from the original on 4 November 2013. https://web.archive.org/web/20131104124450/http://www.news24.com/SouthAfrica/Politics/Hundreds-gather-for-EFF-launch-20131013. Retrieved 1 November 2013. 
  7. ↑ Campbell, John (2016). Morning in South Africa. Indiana University Press. p. 187. 
  8. ↑ Lewis, Megan (2016). Performing Whitely in the Postcolony: Afrikaners in South African Theatrical and Public Life. University of Iowa Press. p. 62. 
  9. ↑ Kepe, Thembela; Levin, Melissa; von Lieres, Bettina (2016). Domains of Freedom: Justice, citizenship and social change in South Africa. University of Cape Town Press. ISBN 1775822044. https://books.google.fr/books?id=bBdzDwAAQBAJ&pg=PA4&lpg=PA4&dq=%22left-wing%22+economic+and+freedom+fighters&source=bl&ots=yd1xL4X05j&sig=ACfU3U1d3aEX_t_SIF7t5HJQR25jmT1Iog&hl=fr&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwjSmNHzoP_pAhUh2-AKHfGTASUQ6AEwCHoECAkQAQ#v=onepage&q=%22left-wing%22%20economic%20and%20freedom%20fighters&f=false. "the Economic Freedom Fighters (a left-wing group that ostensibly seeks to restructure the economy in the interests of the majority" 
  10. ↑ Lamb, Peter (2015). Historical Dictionary of Socialism. Scarecrow Press. ISBN 0810855607. https://books.google.fr/books?id=vSHuCgAAQBAJ&pg=PR55&lpg=PR55&dq=%22left-wing%22+economic+and+freedom+fighters&source=bl&ots=IvxQQ5keDM&sig=ACfU3U11QOnaCdFuOkt4hYp_Egh3rbD0lw&hl=fr&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwjSmNHzoP_pAhUh2-AKHfGTASUQ6AEwCnoECAcQAQ#v=onepage&q=%22left-wing%22%20economic%20and%20freedom%20fighters&f=false. "South Africa: The African National Congress (ANC) youth leader Julius Malema is expelled and forms the rival left-wing Economic Freedom Fighters." 
  11. ↑ South Africa's Malema says more than 60 ANC MPs will turn on Zuma. Reuters. Authors - Ed Stoddard and Sisipho Skweyiya. Published 21 July 2017. Retrieved 8 April 2018.
  12. ↑ Social Changes in a Global World. p.66. Author - Ulrike Schuerkens. Published by SAGE. Published in London in 2017. Accessed via Google Books.
  13. ↑ The World Since 1945: An International History. p.535. 2nd edition. Authors - P. M. H. Bell and Mark Gilbert. Published by Bloomsbury in London. First published in 2001, 2nd edition in 2017.
  14. ↑ Chaos in parliament as party gets ejected for grilling Zuma over corruption in South Africa. Independent. Author - Lamiat Sabin. Published 13 February 2015. Retrieved 8 April 2018.
  15. ↑ "Red Tide: From 'economic freedom' to 'white genocide', extremism grabs the spotlight (in English)". Daily Maverick. 14 October 2013. Archived from the original on 17 October 2013. https://web.archive.org/web/20131017020415/http://www.dailymaverick.co.za/article/2013-10-14-red-tide-from-economic-freedom-to-white-genocide-extremism-grabs-the-spotlight/#.UnQCyhb1DoF. Retrieved 1 November 2013. 
  16. ↑ Daniel, Luke (2 February 2019). "EFF manifesto launch 2019: Five main talking points". The South African. https://www.thesouthafrican.com/news/eff-manifesto-launch-2019-talking-points/. Retrieved 16 April 2020. 
  17. ↑ George Okello (25 February 2020). "South African court orders for arrest of firebrand politician Julius Malema" (in en). PML Daily. https://www.pmldaily.com/news/2020/02/south-african-court-orders-for-arrest-of-firebrand-politician-julius-malema.html. "Leader of South Africa’s left-wing Economic Freedom Fighters (EFF) Julius Malema wanted arrested" 
  18. ↑ Alison Williams (27 October 2015). "South Africa's left-wing EFF leads latest anti-government protest" (in en). Reuters. https://uk.reuters.com/article/uk-safrica-politics/south-africas-left-wing-eff-leads-latest-anti-government-protest-idUKKCN0SL13020151027. "South Africa’s left-wing Economic Freedom Fighters (EFF) led a march on Tuesday calling for a fairer distribution of the country’s wealth, the latest sign of anti-government dissent following a wave of student protests last week." 
  19. ↑ "South Africa's opposition EFF introduces bill to nationalise..." (in en). Reuters. 17 August 2018. https://af.reuters.com/article/southAfricaNews/idAFL5N1V80N0. 
  20. ↑ South African lawmakers disrupt parliament and demand Zuma #PayBackTheMoney. AlJazeera. Published 22 August 2014. Retrieved 8 April 2018.
  21. ↑ South African parliament descends into chaos. Radio New Zealand. Published 13 February 2015. Retrieved 8 April 2018.
  22. ↑ Meggan Saville (12 July 2013). "Malema launches his Economic Freedom Fighters". Dispatch Online. Archived from the original on 25 July 2013. https://web.archive.org/web/20130725200305/http://www.dispatch.co.za/malema-launches-his-economic-freedom-fighters/. Retrieved 16 July 2013. 
  23. ↑ Setumo Stone (11 July 2013). "Malema takes command of Economic Freedom Fighters". Business Day. Archived from the original on 14 July 2013. https://web.archive.org/web/20130714113641/http://www.bdlive.co.za/national/politics/2013/07/11/malema-takes-command-of-economic-freedom-fighters. Retrieved 16 July 2013. 
  24. ↑ Cohen, Mike (26 February 2020). "Why Land Seizure Is Back in the News in South Africa" (in en). Bloomberg via Washington Post. https://www.washingtonpost.com/business/why-land-seizure-is-back-in-the-news-in-south-africa/2020/02/25/85d2f612-579c-11ea-8efd-0f904bdd8057_story.html. Retrieved 25 April 2020. 
  25. ↑ SAPA (28 July 2013). "EFF readies for election registration as over 1 000 members recruited". The Times. Archived from the original on 30 July 2013. https://web.archive.org/web/20130730092849/http://www.timeslive.co.za/politics/2013/07/28/eff-readies-for-election-registration-as-over-1-000-members-recruited. Retrieved 28 July 2013. 
  26. ↑ Verashni Pillay (5 September 2013). "It's official: Malema's EFF is a political party". Mail & Guardian. Archived from the original on 7 September 2013. https://web.archive.org/web/20130907063401/http://mg.co.za/article/2013-09-05-malemas-eff-to-contest-2014-elections. Retrieved 5 September 2013. 
  27. ↑ Genevieve Quintal (5 June 2015). "Litchfield-Tshabalala UDM's new national organiser". Archived from the original on 30 September 2015. https://web.archive.org/web/20150930022925/http://www.news24.com/SouthAfrica/Politics/Litchfield-Tshabalala-UDMs-new-national-organiser-20150605. 
  28. ↑ "Elections 2019: Black First Land First". www.sabcnews.com. 21 April 2019. https://www.sabcnews.com/sabcnews/black-first-land-first/. Retrieved 17 April 2020. 
  29. ↑ "Deputy president dumps UDM as infighting claims surface" (in en-ZA). The Daily Dispatch. https://www.dispatchlive.co.za/news/2016-09-22-deputy-president-dumps-udm-as-infighting-claims-surface/. Retrieved 17 April 2020. 
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  78. ↑ "Tender comrades part 1: Trailing the Juju tractor" (in en-US). https://amabhungane.org/stories/tender-comrades-part-1-trailing-the-juju-tractor/. 
  79. ↑ amaBhungane, Stefaans Brummer & Micah Reddy for. "AMABHUNGANE: Tender Comrades Part Two: Tshwane tenderpreneur’s R15m ‘EFF tithe’" (in en). https://www.dailymaverick.co.za/article/2019-09-29-tender-comrades-part-two-tshwane-tenderpreneurs-r15m-eff-tithe/. 
  80. ↑ Motau, Terry (10 October 2018). "The Great Bank Heist: Investigator's Report to the Prudential Authority". p. 135. https://www.resbank.co.za/Lists/News%20and%20Publications/Attachments/8830/VBS%20Mutual%20Bank%20-%20The%20Great%20Bank%20Heist.pdf. 
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  98. ↑ "SACP supports ANC, condemns Julius Malema`s propagation of war in the strongest possible terms, calls on the police ?to act swiftly in terms of the rule of law". http://www.sacp.org.za/main.php?ID=5299. 
  99. ↑ EFF’s KZN man has criminal past , BHEKI MBANJWA, The Daily News, 2014
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  121. ↑ "'How do you hold an underground editor accountable ' – Malema on Karima Brown matter". 6 March 2019. https://www.news24.com/SouthAfrica/News/how-do-you-hold-an-underground-editor-accountable-malema-on-karima-brown-matter-20190306. 
  122. ↑ Davis, Rebecca. "REPORT: EFF court losses mount as Karima Brown wins battle, but faces criticism of her own". https://www.dailymaverick.co.za/article/2019-06-06-eff-court-losses-mount-as-karima-brown-wins-battle-but-faces-criticism-of-her-own/. 
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  124. ↑ Maverick, Daily. "Editorial: This is What Panic Looks Like". https://www.dailymaverick.co.za/article/2019-09-13-this-is-what-panic-looks-like/. 
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  126. ↑ "Malema bans amaBhungane and Daily Maverick's Scorpio from EFF events: 'We shall treat them as enemies'". 12 September 2019. https://www.news24.com/SouthAfrica/News/we-shall-treat-them-as-enemies-malema-bans-amabhungane-and-daily-mavericks-scorpio-from-eff-events-20190912. 
  127. ↑ "EFF retracts 'Stratcom agent' allegations against Gqubule and Harber, apologises after court order" (in en). 25 January 2020. https://www.news24.com/SouthAfrica/News/eff-retracts-stratcom-agent-allegations-against-gqubule-and-harber-apologises-after-court-order-20200125. 
  128. ↑ Snijman, Lia. "NEWSFLASH: EFF, Ndlozi have twenty-four hours to pay damages to journalists" (in en). https://www.dailymaverick.co.za/article/2020-01-24-eff-ndlozi-have-twenty-four-hours-to-pay-damages-to-journalists/. 
  129. ↑ The EFF and the Question of National Unity , Duncan, Jane, SACSIS WEBSITE, 29 Jan 2014
  130. ↑ Sain, Raahil (8 March 2016). "‘EFF must #PayBackTheMoney for damage to varsities’". Archived from the original on 14 April 2017. https://web.archive.org/web/20170414162203/http://www.iol.co.za/news/politics/eff-must-paybackthemoney-for-damage-to-varsities-1995188. 
  131. ↑ Mngoma, Nosipho (18 June 2018). "Group to take #JuliusMalema to court for racist rant | IOL News" (in en). The Mercury. https://www.iol.co.za/news/politics/group-to-take-juliusmalema-to-court-for-racist-rant-15526571. 
  132. ↑ "'No one is going to intimidate us' - EFF hits back at clergy and Ahmed Kathrada Foundation" (in en). News24. https://www.news24.com/SouthAfrica/News/no-one-is-going-to-intimidate-us-eff-hits-back-at-clergy-and-ahmed-kathrada-foundation-20181122. 
  133. ↑ "'EFF bullies' trying to 'hide their own shenanigans' - ANC chief whip Mthembu" (in en). News24. https://www.news24.com/SouthAfrica/News/eff-bullies-trying-to-hide-their-own-shenanigans-anc-chief-whip-mthembu-20181123. 
  134. ↑ "‘Indian cabal’ narrative is to protect the looting project" (in en). CityPress. https://city-press.news24.com/Voices/indian-cabal-narrative-is-to-protect-the-looting-project-20181119. 
  135. ↑ "Malema to Gordhan: I am not scared of the Indian cabal" (in en). https://www.enca.com/south-africa/malema-to-gordhan-i-am-not-scared-of-the-indian-cabal. 
  136. ↑ Smit, Sarah. "Gordhan decries EFF attack on daughter" (in en). https://mg.co.za/article/2018-11-23-00-gordhan-decries-eff-attack-on-daughter/. 
  137. ↑ Jean le Roux, Kyle Cowan, Pieter du Toit and Adriaan Basson (28 November 2018). "FACT CHECKED: EFF's charges against Pravin Gordhan" (in en). https://www.news24.com/Analysis/fact-checked-julius-malemas-charges-against-pravin-gordhan-20181128. 
  138. ↑ Poplak, Richard. "SnowBank – BLEFF, Pravin Gordhan and the imaginary R6..." (in en). https://www.dailymaverick.co.za/article/2018-11-29-snowbank-bleff-pravin-gordhan-and-the-imaginary-r675m-canadian-account/. 
  139. ↑ Ndaba, Baldwin (26 November 2018). "Pravin Gordhan lays defamation charges against Malema | IOL News" (in en). https://www.iol.co.za/news/politics/pravin-gordhan-lays-defamation-charges-against-malema-18267798. 
  140. ↑ Sutherland, Roland (31 October 2019). "Pravin Gordhan vs Julius Malema". https://www.politicsweb.co.za/documents/pravin-gordhan-vs-julius-malema-the-high-court-jud. 
  141. ↑ "Judge slates Malema's 'juvenile' rant as EFF leader wins case against Gordhan" (in en-ZA). https://www.timeslive.co.za/news/south-africa/2019-10-31-judge-slates-malemas-juvenile-rant-as-eff-leader-wins-case-against-gordhan/. 
  142. ↑ Snijman, Lia. "POPULIST DOG WHISTLES: Pravin Jamnadas Gordhan, a case study: When your name is weaponised on Twitter" (in en). https://www.dailymaverick.co.za/article/2020-01-23-pravin-jamnadas-gordhan-a-case-study-when-your-name-is-weaponised-by-haters-on-twitter/. 
  143. ↑ Makinana, Andisiwe (17 July 2019). "'Of course, you are racist. You are,' Jackson Mthembu tells EFF MPs" (in en-ZA). https://www.timeslive.co.za/politics/2019-07-17-of-course-you-are-racist-you-are-jackson-mthembu-tells-eff-mps/. 
  144. ↑ van Diemen, Ethan (18 July 2019). "Cigarettes, corruption and racism: Why the EFF hates Gordhan, according to Jackson Mthembu" (in en). https://www.news24.com/SouthAfrica/News/cigarettes-corruption-and-racism-why-the-eff-hates-gordhan-according-to-jackson-mthembu-20190718. 
  145. ↑ "Malema slammed for comments on whites". ENCA. 8 November 2016. Archived from the original on 17 April 2017. https://web.archive.org/web/20170417053045/http://www.enca.com/south-africa/malema-%E2%80%98slaughter-statement%E2%80%99-rocks-sa. Retrieved 30 May 2017. 
  146. ↑ Cropley, Ed (31 October 2012). "South Africa's ANC, whites agree to silence "Shoot the Boer"" (in en). Reuters. https://www.reuters.com/article/us-safrica-song/south-africas-anc-whites-agree-to-silence-shoot-the-boer-idUSBRE89U12020121031. Retrieved 20 April 2020. 
  147. ↑ "IEC disqualifies EFF councillor for racist tweet". eNCA. 29 August 2016. Archived from the original on 14 April 2017. https://web.archive.org/web/20170414082702/http://www.enca.com/south-africa/iec-disqualifies-eff-councillor-for-racist-tweet. 
  148. ↑ "EFF councillor candidate disqualified after calling for whites to be 'hacked and killed' reports" (in en). 29 July 2016. https://www.news24.com/elections/news/eff-councillor-candidate-disqualified-after-calling-for-whites-to-be-hacked-and-killed-reports-20160729. 
  149. ↑ "'He's on his own' Juju says of Mabotja" (in en). https://www.enca.com/south-africa/hes-on-his-own-juju-says-of-mabotja. 
  150. ↑ "Electoral Court right to give Thabo Mabotja the chop". https://www.politicsweb.co.za/news-and-analysis/electoral-court-right-to-give-thabo-mabotja-the-ch. 
  151. ↑ "'We are cutting the throat of whiteness' – Malema on plans to remove Trollip". News24. https://www.news24.com/SouthAfrica/News/we-are-cutting-the-throat-of-whiteness-malema-on-plans-to-remove-trollip-20180304. 
  152. ↑ "South Africans don't share Malema's racist views - Maimane | IOL News". https://www.iol.co.za/news/politics/south-africans-dont-share-malemas-racist-views-maimane-13714966. 
  153. ↑ Thambo, Sinawo. "OPINIONISTA: Empty analysis will not deter the EFF from its core task — reaching out to the electorate" (in en). https://www.dailymaverick.co.za/opinionista/2019-03-28-empty-analysis-will-not-deter-the-eff-from-its-core-task-reaching-out-to-the-electorate/. 
  154. ↑ "Yep, it's hate speech, says SAHRC on Julius Malema's 'dead white man' tweet" (in en-ZA). https://www.timeslive.co.za/news/south-africa/2019-09-17-yep-its-hate-speech-says-sahrc-on-julius-malemas-dead-white-man-tweet/. 
  155. ↑ Grootes, Stephen. "ANALYSIS: Malema’s Mugabe closing gambit" (in en). https://www.dailymaverick.co.za/article/2019-09-15-malemas-mugabe-closing-gambit/. 
  156. ↑ "SAHRC to take Malema to court for hate speech". 19 September 2019. https://www.sahrc.org.za/index.php/sahrc-media/news-2/item/2137-sahrc-to-take-malema-to-court-for-hate-speech. 

Further reading

External links




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