Social:Freedom Caucus

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Short description: Republican US congressional caucus
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Freedom Caucus
ChairBob Good
FoundedJanuary 26, 2015; 9 years ago (2015-01-26)
Split fromRepublican Study Committee
Ideology
Political position
National affiliationRepublican Party
Seats in the House Republican Conference
43 / 222
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Seats in the House
43 / 435
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Website
Campaign website
State Freedom Caucus Network website

The Freedom Caucus, also known as the House Freedom Caucus, is a congressional caucus consisting of Republican members of the United States House of Representatives. It is generally considered to be the most conservative and furthest-right bloc within the House Republican Conference.[1][2][3][4][5] The caucus was formed in January 2015 by a group of conservatives and Tea Party movement members,[6][7] with the aim of pushing the Republican leadership to the right.[2] Its first chairperson, Jim Jordan, described the caucus as a "smaller, more cohesive, more agile and more active" group of conservative representatives.[8]

The caucus is positioned right-wing[9] to far-right[10] on the political spectrum. The group takes hardline conservative positions and favors social conservatism and small government,[11][12] along with right-wing populist beliefs[13][14] such as opposition to immigration reform.[15] The group sought dozens of times to repeal the Affordable Care Act.[16] Established as an ultra-conservative alternative to the Republican Study Committee, the group initially emphasized fiscal conservatism and concerns about House rules, favoring budget cuts and a decentralization of power within the House of Representatives.[17][18]

After the election of Donald Trump, the Freedom Caucus shifted its emphasis to loyalty to Trump,[17][19] and became what Politico described as "more populist and nationalist, but less bound by policy principles."[20] The caucus has included some members who are libertarians.[21][22] The caucus supports House candidates through its PAC, the House Freedom Fund.[23][24] The caucus also has official affiliated caucuses in state legislatures through the State Freedom Caucus Network.[25]

History

The caucus originated during the mid–January 2015 Republican congressional retreat in Hershey, Pennsylvania.[26] According to founding member Mick Mulvaney, "that was the first time we got together and decided we were a group, and not just a bunch of pissed-off guys".[27] Nine conservative Republican members of the House began planning a new congressional caucus separate from the Republican Study Committee and apart from the House Republican Conference. The founding members who constituted the first board of directors for the new caucus were Republican representatives Scott Garrett of New Jersey, Jim Jordan of Ohio, John Fleming of Louisiana, Matt Salmon of Arizona, Justin Amash of Michigan, Raúl Labrador of Idaho, Mulvaney of South Carolina, Ron DeSantis of Florida and Mark Meadows of North Carolina.[28]

At the retreat in Pennsylvania, the group settled on the name Freedom Caucus. Mick Mulvaney told Ryan Lizza of the New Yorker, "We had twenty names, and all of them were terrible. None of us liked the Freedom Caucus, either, but it was so generic and so universally awful that we had no reason to be against it." According to Lizza, "one of the working titles for the group was the Reasonable Nutjob Caucus."[27][29]

During the crisis over the funding of the Department of Homeland Security in early 2015, the caucus offered four plans for resolution, but all were rejected by the Republican leadership. One of the caucus leaders, Raúl Labrador, said the caucus would offer an alternative that the most conservative Republican members could support.[30][needs update]

Opposition to Speaker of the House John Boehner

The newly formed group declared that a criterion for new members in the group would be opposition to John Boehner as Speaker of the House and willingness to vote against or thwart him on legislation that the group opposed.[31]

The House Freedom Caucus was involved in the resignation of Boehner on September 25, 2015, and the ensuing leadership battle for the new speaker.[32] Members of the caucus who had voted against Boehner for speaker felt unfairly punished, accusing him of cutting them off from positions in the Republican Study Committee and depriving them of key committee assignments.[33][34] Boehner found it increasingly difficult to manage House Republicans with the fierce opposition of conservative members of the Republican Party in the House, and he sparred with those House Republicans in 2013 over their willingness to shut down the government in pursuit of goals such as repealing the Affordable Care Act. These Republicans later created and became members of the Freedom Caucus when it was created in 2015.[31][35][36][37]

After Boehner resigned as speaker, Kevin McCarthy, the House majority leader, was initially the lead contender to succeed him, but the Freedom Caucus withheld its support.[38] However, McCarthy withdrew from the race on October 8, 2015, after appearing to suggest that the Benghazi investigation's purpose had been to lower the approval ratings of Hillary Clinton.[39][40] On the same day as McCarthy's withdrawal, Reid Ribble resigned from the Freedom Caucus saying he had joined to promote certain policies and could not support the role that it was playing in the leadership race.[41]

On October 20, 2015, Paul Ryan announced that his bid for the speaker of the United States House of Representatives was contingent on an official endorsement by the Freedom Caucus.[42] While the group could not reach the 80% approval that was needed to give an official endorsement, on October 21, 2015, it announced that it had reached a supermajority support for Ryan.[43] On October 29, 2015, Ryan succeeded Boehner as the speaker of the House.[44]

On October 30, 2017, Vanity Fair published an interview with Boehner, who said of the Freedom Caucus: "They can't tell you what they're for. They can tell you everything they're against. They're anarchists. They want total chaos. Tear it all down and start over. That's where their mindset is."[45]

Backlash in 2016

The group faced backlash from the Republican Party establishment during the 2016 election cycle.[46] One of its members, Congressman Tim Huelskamp, a Tea Party Republican representing Kansas's first district, was defeated during a primary election on August 2, 2016, by Roger Marshall.[47]

During Trump administration

Following the election of Donald Trump, Mulvaney said, "Trump wants to turn Washington upside down – that was his first message and his winning message. We want the exact same thing. To the extent that he's got to convince Republicans to change Washington, we're there to help him ... and I think that makes us Donald Trump's best allies in the House."[48] Freedom Caucus vice chair Jim Jordan said that during the Trump administration, the Freedom Caucus shifted focus from passing legislation to defending the President.[49]

Rejection of American Health Care Act in 2017

On March 24, 2017, the American Health Care Act (AHCA), the House Republican bill to repeal and replace the Affordable Care Act, was withdrawn by Republican House Speaker Paul Ryan because it lacked the votes to pass, due in large part to opposition from Freedom Caucus Republicans who believed that the replacement provisions had the effect of failing to repeal some elements of the original Affordable Care Act.[50][51][52]

Two days later, President Donald Trump publicly criticized the Freedom Caucus and other right-wing groups, such as the Club for Growth and Heritage Action, that opposed the bill. Trump tweeted: "Democrats are smiling in D.C. that the Freedom Caucus, with the help of Club For Growth and Heritage, have saved Planned Parenthood & Obamacare!"[53][54] On the same day, Congressman Ted Poe of Texas resigned from the Freedom Caucus.[55] On March 30, 2017, Trump "declared war" on the Freedom Caucus, sending a tweet urging Republicans to "fight them" in the 2018 midterm elections "if they don't get on the team" (i.e., support Trump's proposals).[56] Vocal Freedom Caucus member Justin Amash responded by accusing Trump of "succumb[ing] to the D.C. Establishment."[57]

Trump later developed a closer relationship with the caucus chair, Mark Meadows.[58] In April 2018, Trump described three caucus members – Meadows, Jim Jordan, and Ron DeSantis – as "absolute warriors" for their defense of him during the course of the Special Counsel investigation.[59]

During first impeachment of Trump

In May 2019, the Freedom Caucus officially condemned one of its founding members, Justin Amash, after he called for the impeachment of President Trump over the Trump–Ukraine scandal.[60] Amash, an outspoken libertarian, announced in June 2019 that he had left the caucus; later the same year, he left the Republican Party and joined the Libertarian Party.[61][62]

During the impeachment inquiry against Trump, and subsequent first impeachment of Trump, the caucus emerged as a chief defender of Trump during the proceedings.[63][64]

Meadows's appointment as WH chief of staff and Liz Cheney criticism

In March 2020, former Freedom Caucus chair Mark Meadows was appointed as White House chief of staff, replacing Mick Mulvaney, who was also a founding member of the Freedom Caucus.[65]

Freedom Caucus members have called on Liz Cheney to resign as Chair of the House Republican Conference, because of her vocal criticism of Trump's foreign policy, response to the COVID-19 pandemic, and use of social media,[66] leading to her firing May 12, 2021, and replacement by Elise Stefanik two days later.

2020 National Defense Authorization Act

In December 2020, the caucus sided with Donald Trump and opposed the NDAA on the grounds that it did not include a provision to repeal Section 230.[67]

Role in attempting to overturn 2020 election and opposition to second Trump impeachment

After Trump lost his bid for reelection in November 2020, many members of the Freedom Caucus supported Trump's attempt to overturn the election results. In early December 2020, amid pressure from Trump on congressional Republicans to help him subvert the election outcome, two dozen House Republicans, including many Freedom Caucus members, sent a letter to Trump asking him to order his Attorney General, William P. Barr, to appoint a Justice Department special counsel to investigate supposed election "irregularities", even though Barr had previously acknowledged that there was no evidence justifying such a step.[68] Several Freedom Caucus members met with officials at Trump's White House in December 2020, discussing ways to overturn the election results during the 2021 United States Electoral College vote count.[69] Most Freedom Caucus members objected to the counting of the electoral votes that formalized Trump's defeat.[70] During the second impeachment of Donald Trump for incitement of insurrection, Freedom Caucus leadership and members demanded that Representative Liz Cheney, one of 10 Republicans who voted in favor of impeachment, resign from her role as chairwoman of the House Republican Conference.[71][72][73]

2021–present

America First Caucus and MAGA Squad

In April 2021, a faction within the Freedom Caucus, led by Paul Gosar and Marjorie Taylor Greene, attempted to form a new splinter group called the "America First Caucus," along with Matt Gaetz. Senior members of the Freedom Caucus reportedly reacted with "fury" to the proposal, with Ken Buck publicly denouncing it.[74] The new caucus was later scrapped.[75]

Later, a faction emerged of Trump loyalists within the Freedom Caucus known as the 'MAGA Squad', which included Gosar, Greene, Gaetz, Madison Cawthorn, Louie Gohmert, Mo Brooks, Andy Biggs, Scott Perry, and Lauren Boebert. It was "not a formal caucus," but was described as more radical than the mainstream Freedom Caucus.[76][77][78] The group supported primary challenges against incumbent Republicans during the 2022 United States House of Representatives elections.[79]

In June 2023, following a feud with Boebert, Greene was expelled from the Freedom Caucus.[80][81]

State Freedom Caucus Network

In December 2021, the Freedom Caucus officially expanded to the state level, establishing the 'State Freedom Caucus Network' in state legislatures to provide legislators with additional resources.[25] The group has state-level caucuses in ten states: Arizona, Idaho, Georgia, South Carolina, Mississippi, South Dakota, Montana, Wyoming, Pennsylvania and Illinois.[82]

Aside from the caucuses affiliated with the State Freedom Caucus Network, several state-level caucuses describing themselves as the "Freedom Caucus" exist in other state legislatures, including in Texas,[83] New Hampshire,[84] North Carolina,[85] Washington,[86] and Michigan.[87]

In February 2023, David Schweikert cited the state level Arizona Freedom Caucus's association with populism as the reason for him leaving the Freedom Caucus on the federal level.[88]

Respect for Marriage Act

In July 2022, the caucus split over the Respect for Marriage Act, which recognized a statutory right to same-sex marriage. All members voted against except Chairperson Scott Perry (R-PA), who joined 46 other Republicans and all Democrats in voting for the bill. The Freedom Caucus adopted a formal position urging Senate Republicans to block the bill, and Perry later voted against its final passage.[89] To take a formal position on legislation, the Freedom Caucus requires the support of 80% of the caucus's members.[89]

118th Congress House Republican leadership elections (2023)

In the November 2022 elections, Republicans narrowly regained control of the House of Representatives that opened in January 2023. The Freedom Caucus was actively involved in the ensuing House Republican leadership elections, but was divided over whether to challenge House Minority Leader Kevin McCarthy's bid to be Speaker of the House of Representatives.[90] Before the internal House Republican election, the caucus issued an array of demands that would fundamentally change House procedure by weakening the power of the speaker and strengthening the power of both the caucus and rank-and-file House Republicans as a whole.[91] These included making it easier to oust a speaker by reviving the motion to vacate the chair; allowing ten percent of the Republican conference to force a vote on any amendment, thus reducing the speaker's control over legislation; and codifying the Hastert rule ("majority-of-the-majority" rule), which would block all legislation except those supported by a majority of House Republicans.[91]

Former caucus chair Andy Biggs launched a challenge to McCarthy,[92] but McCarthy earned the Republican nomination for speaker,[93] by defeating Biggs in a 188–31 secret ballot vote,[94] with an additional five Republicans writing in other names.[95] McCarthy ran with the endorsement of other Freedom Caucus members, such as vice chair Jim Jordan,[96] David Schweikert,[97] and Marjorie Taylor Greene.[98] Caucus member Byron Donalds also ran for House Republican Conference chair, but lost to incumbent Elise Stefanik,[99] while member Andrew Clyde ran for House Republican Conference secretary, but lost to Lisa McClain.[100]

McCarthy needed 218 votes from the House floor to be elected speaker in the January 3, 2023, vote.[93] After winning the internal Republican nomination, some Freedom Caucus members became outspoken supporters of McCarthy, including Jordan, a former McCarthy rival[101] who was set to be chairperson of the House Judiciary Committee.[102] Marjorie Taylor Greene also backed McCarthy, saying that any alternative to McCarthy would be insufficiently right-wing.[102] Other caucus members resisted supporting McCarthy, with five members saying they would vote against him, although they have not coalesced around a specific alternative candidate.[102][103][101] A third group of caucus members did not publicly support or oppose McCarthy's speakership bid, seeking to extract concessions from him.[102][103] Because the House Republicans only have a narrow majority (222–212), McCarthy could not gain a majority unless nearly all Republicans voted for him.[95][103] McCarthy warned his internal opponents that the next speaker of the House could be chosen with House Democratic votes if the Republican caucus failed to unite around him.[94] In December 2022, seven hardline Republicans, including Freedom Caucus chairperson Scott Perry and several members of the caucus, issued a letter demanding certain commitments from a speaker; the letter repeated many demands that the group had made in summer 2022, including securing an increase in Freedom Caucus representation in committee chairpersonships and in the House Rules Committee; barring the House Republican leadership and House Republican leadership PACs from getting involved in primaries (as McCarthy has done); and restoring the motion to vacate the chair.[102] In January 2023, 19 Freedom Caucus members voted against McCarthy during the House floor vote for Speaker,[104] eventually allowing McCarthy to become Speaker only after he had agreed to make extensive House rules concessions to the rebels.[105]

2023 conflict with Marjorie Taylor Greene

After the contested House Speaker election, Marjorie Taylor Greene broke with the caucus's positions and aligned herself with McCarthy.

On June 21, 2023, Greene engaged in a heated conversation with fellow caucus member Lauren Boebert on the House floor, in which the former called the latter a "little bitch."[106] As a result of this incident, the caucus moved to expel Greene in a secret vote prior to the Fourth of July recess.[107]

2023 debt-ceiling crisis

In May 2023, Speaker McCarthy worked with the Biden administration to pass a compromise debt-ceiling reform and spending bill, with the Freedom Caucus supporting the bills as part of the compromise that got McCarthy elected speaker.[108] By suspending the debt ceiling until January 2025, the government avoided a first-ever default. The spending bill focused on issues such as military construction and veterans affairs.[109][110]

Removal of Kevin McCarthy as speaker

In September 2023, the federal government appeared poised to shut down after representatives could not vote on a series of appropriations bills.[111] The Freedom Caucus threatened to depose McCarthy if he turned to Democrats to gather more votes.[112] On September 29, Politico reported that Representative Matt Gaetz had reached out to Congressional Progressive Caucus chair Pramila Jayapal, among other Democrats about removing McCarthy.[113] The following day, hours before a shutdown was expected to occur, the House of Representatives passed a bipartisan continuing resolution to fund the government through November 17. The resolution was passed in the Senate and signed by President Joe Biden, averting a shutdown.[114] Representative Matt Gaetz, who has led resistance to McCarthy,[115] announced in an interview with CNN that he would move to remove McCarthy for working with Democrats.[116]

On October 2, Gaetz filed a motion to vacate, forcing a vote on McCarthy's removal within two legislative days.[117] Voting began the following day; McCarthy ruled out a deal with Democrats. Representative Tom Cole unsuccessfully moved to table the motion. The House proceeded with a successful vote to vacate on a 216–210 vote, the first time in congressional history that the chair was vacated.[118]

Policy positions

The caucus is positioned right-wing[119] to far-right[120] on the political spectrum. On October 30, 2017, Vanity Fair published an interview with John Boehner, who said of the Freedom Caucus: "They can't tell you what they're for. They can tell you everything they're against. They're anarchists. They want total chaos. Tear it all down and start over. That's where their mindset is."[121]

After the election of Donald Trump, the Freedom Caucus shifted its emphasis to loyalty to Trump,[17][19] and became what Politico described as "more populist and nationalist, but less bound by policy principles."[122] The caucus has included some members who are libertarians.[123][22]

Leadership

The current chair of the caucus is Representative Bob Good from Virginia, with Representative Jim Jordan as the deputy chair. In January 2022, Representative Lauren Boebert was elected as communications chair, Representative Warren Davidson as whip, and Representative Chip Roy as policy chair.[124]

Chair Term start Term end Tenure
1 Jim Jordan Jim Jordan official photo, 114th Congress.jpg February 11, 2015 (2015-02-11) January 3, 2017 (2017-01-03) 1 year, 327 days
2 Mark Meadows Mark Meadows, Official Portrait, 113th Congress.jpg January 3, 2017 (2017-01-03)[125] October 1, 2019 (2019-10-01) 2 years, 271 days
3 Andy Biggs Andy Biggs official portrait.jpg October 1, 2019 (2019-10-01)[126] January 1, 2022 (2022-01-01) 2 years, 92 days
4 Scott Perry Scott Perry, official portrait, 116th congress.jpg January 1, 2022 (2022-01-01) January 1, 2024 (2024-01-01)[127] 2 years, 0 days
5 Bob Good Bob Good 117th U.S Congress.jpg January 1, 2024 (2024-01-01) Incumbent[128] 195 days

Membership

The map indicates the members of the Freedom Caucus as of June 2023

Membership policy

The House Freedom Caucus does not disclose the names of its members and membership is by invitation only.[129][130] The New York Times wrote in October 2015 that the caucus usually meets "in the basement of a local pub rather than at the Capitol."[131] The caucus acts as a bloc, with decisions that are supported by 80 percent made binding on all of its members, which has strengthened its influence among House Republicans.[2]

Historical membership

As the HFC does not publicize a full membership list, the known number of members at the start of each electoral cycle is listed below.

Starting membership in election cycles
Election year Overall seats Republican seats ±
2016
29 / 435
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29 / 241
<div style="background-color: Script error: No such module "Political party".; width: 12%; height: 100%;">
 New
2018
30 / 435
<div style="background-color: Script error: No such module "Political party".; width: 7%; height: 100%;">
30 / 199
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 Increase 1
2020
45 / 435
<div style="background-color: Script error: No such module "Political party".; width: 10%; height: 100%;">
45 / 213
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 Increase 15
2022
46 / 435
<div style="background-color: Script error: No such module "Political party".; width: 11%; height: 100%;">
46 / 222
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 Increase 1

Current members

A number of members have identified themselves, or have been identified by others, as belonging to the Freedom Caucus. There are at least 43 caucus members (As of January 2024); those members include:


Former members

See also

Further reading

References

  1. ↑ Carl, Jeremy (October 13, 2015). "The Freedom Caucus Is a Rebellion That Could Change the GOP's Future". http://time.com/4067218/freedom-caucus. 
  2. ↑ 2.0 2.1 2.2 2.3 Desilver, Drew (October 20, 2015). "House Freedom Caucus: What is it, and who's in it?" (in en-US). https://www.pewresearch.org/fact-tank/2015/10/20/house-freedom-caucus-what-is-it-and-whos-in-it/. 
  3. ↑ Ethier, Beth (January 26, 2015). "House Conservatives Form "Freedom Caucus" as Right-Wing Rebellion Continues" (in en). https://slate.com/news-and-politics/2015/01/freedom-caucus-right-wing-members-of-congress-form-new-group-to-rally-conservatives.html. 
  4. ↑ Lauren Fox, Why (almost) everyone hates the House Freedom Caucus, CNN (March 24, 2017): "At first, there were just nine of them, but the group, which is considered the most right flank of the Republican conference, grew."
  5. ↑ Mark Barrett, Meadows in line to lead House’s most conservative wing, ‘’Asheville Citizen-Times’’ (December 3, 2016): "the House Freedom Caucus, which occupies the furthest-right position on the ideological spectrum in the U.S. House..."
  6. ↑ French, Lauren (January 26, 2015). "9 Republicans launch House Freedom Caucus" (in en). https://www.politico.com/story/2015/01/house-freedom-caucus-conservative-legislation-114593. 
  7. ↑ Ferrechio, Susan (January 26, 2015). "Conservative lawmakers form House Freedom Caucus". http://www.washingtonexaminer.com/conservative-lawmakers-form-house-freedom-caucus/article/2559258. 
  8. ↑ Eaton, Sabrina (February 11, 2015). "It's official: Rep. Jim Jordan now chairs the House Freedom Caucus". http://www.cleveland.com/open/index.ssf/2015/02/its_official_rep_jim_jordan_no.html. 
  9. ↑ The Freedom Caucus has been widely described as right-wing:
  10. ↑
  11. ↑ Reilly, Mollie (October 21, 2015). "House Conservatives Support Paul Ryan For Speaker, But Won't Formally Endorse Him". https://www.huffpost.com/entry/house-freedom-caucus-paul-ryan_n_56281b41e4b0bce34703ee96. "the group of hardline conservatives ... the socially conservative House Freedom Caucus" 
  12. ↑ "Paul Ryan vs. House Freedom Caucus: Who will blink first in speaker's race?". Los Angeles Times. October 16, 2015. http://www.latimes.com/nation/politics/la-na-ryan-freedom-caucus-20151016-story.html. "the group’s small-government, socially conservative agenda" 
  13. ↑ Cottle, Michelle (April 7, 2017). "In The Freedom Caucus, Trump Meets His Match". The Atlantic. https://www.theatlantic.com/politics/archive/2017/04/in-the-freedom-caucus-trump-meets-his-match/522243/. 
  14. ↑ Pally, Marcia (June 8, 2017). "A Tale of Two Covenants: Can America be Localist Without Being Exclusionary?" (in en-AU). https://www.abc.net.au/religion/a-tale-of-two-covenants-can-america-be-localist-without-being-ex/10095708. 
  15. ↑ Bade, Rachael (June 27, 2018). "'I thought you were my friend': Immigration meltdown exposes GOP hostilities". https://www.politico.com/story/2018/06/27/this-is-bull-inside-the-gops-immigration-meltdown-680106. 
  16. ↑ "After Boehner ouster, quiet period, Freedom Caucus attacks on IRS, ObamaCare". Fox News. December 10, 2016. https://www.foxnews.com/politics/after-boehner-ouster-quiet-period-freedom-caucus-attacks-on-irs-obamacare. 
  17. ↑ 17.0 17.1 17.2 Melanie Zanona (March 8, 2022). "Republican leaders face threat of revived Freedom Caucus in GOP-led House". CNN. https://www.cnn.com/2022/03/08/politics/house-freedom-caucus-revived-republican-majority/index.html. "Past iterations of the group – which was formed as an ultra-conservative alternative to the Republican Study Committee but has since become more of a Trump loyalty club – were more focused on process and transparency concerns, as well as fiscal conservatism. Some of the more veteran members of the group are still emphasizing that as a top priority." 
  18. ↑ Jay Newton-Small (October 20, 2021). "How Paul Ryan Outfoxed House Conservatives" (in en). Time. https://time.com/4080726/speaker-paul-ryan-freedom-caucus/. "The House Freedom Caucus has had a lot of demands of late: conditions under which they’d support anyone to be Speaker, changes they’d like to see made in the House to decentralize power, ... The as-of-yet unformed bill is almost guaranteed to have levels of spending the fiscally conservative Freedom Caucus will find highly objectionable – they have never supported any bipartisan deal that has come out of the Senate.". 
  19. ↑ 19.0 19.1 Swan, Jonathan (July 28, 2021). "Trump allies blame conservative leader for failed Texas endorsement" (in en). https://www.axios.com/trump-team-blames-conservative-failed-endorsment-17aa2dd1-b4be-4ca7-beeb-c74d1d472a09.html. "the Freedom Caucus – a group of ultra-conservative House Republicans who are fervently pro-Trump." 
  20. ↑ "Inside the House Freedom Caucus' identity crisis". Politico. April 29, 2022. https://www.politico.com/news/2022/04/29/house-republican-freedom-caucus-challenges-00023071. 
  21. ↑ Friedman, Dan (July 13, 2016). "For These House Republicans, the NRA's Seal of Approval Isn't Enough". https://www.thetrace.org/2016/07/freedom-caucus-house-conservatives-oppose-nra-backed-gun-bill/. 
  22. ↑ 22.0 22.1 Loiaconi, Stephen (March 24, 2017). "For Freedom Caucus, defying Trump could have consequences". http://wjla.com/news/nation-world/for-freedom-caucus-defying-trump-could-have-consequences. "The House Freedom Caucus, a cadre of conservatives, libertarians and others who have shown no hesitation to buck the party leadership, has been heavily critical of the AHCA" 
  23. ↑ Boguhn, Ally (June 21, 2016). "The House Freedom Fund Bankrolls Some of Congress' Most Anti-Choice Candidates". https://rewire.news/article/2016/06/21/house-freedom-fund-bankrolls-congress-anti-choice-candidates/. 
  24. ↑ Wong, Scott (May 22, 2018). "Freedom Caucus bruised but unbowed in GOP primary fights". https://thehill.com/homenews/house/388683-freedom-caucus-bruised-but-unbowed-in-gop-primary-fights. 
  25. ↑ 25.0 25.1 Picket, Kerry (December 2, 2021). "House Freedom Caucus plans expansion to state lawmakers". The Washington Times. https://www.washingtontimes.com/news/2021/dec/2/house-freedom-caucus-plans-expansion-state-lawmake/. 
  26. ↑ Wofford, Ben (July 28, 2017). "Charlie Dent's War" (in en). https://www.politico.com/magazine/story/2017/07/28/charlie-dent-profile-moderates-trump-tuesday-group-215417. 
  27. ↑ 27.0 27.1 Lizza, Ryan (December 7, 2015). "The War Inside the Republican Party" (in en). The New Yorker. ISSN 0028-792X. https://www.newyorker.com/magazine/2015/12/14/a-house-divided. 
  28. ↑ French, Lauren (January 26, 2015). "9 Republicans launch House Freedom Caucus". http://www.politico.com/story/2015/01/house-freedom-caucus-conservative-legislation-114593. 
  29. ↑ "House Freedom Caucus was Born in Hershey". Politicspa. December 7, 2015. https://www.politicspa.com/house-freedom-caucus-was-born-in-hershey/71193/. 
  30. ↑ French, Lauren (March 3, 2015). "Conservatives offer John Boehner another DHS deal". http://www.politico.com/story/2015/03/conservatives-offer-john-boehner-another-dhs-deal-115684.html#ixzz3TJnOXyH7. 
  31. ↑ 31.0 31.1 Lizza, Ryan. "A House Divided". The New Yorker. http://www.newyorker.com/magazine/2015/12/14/a-house-divided. 
  32. ↑ Steinhauer, Jennifer (September 25, 2015). "John Boehner, House Speaker, Will Resign From Congress". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. https://www.nytimes.com/2015/09/26/us/john-boehner-to-resign-from-congress.html. 
  33. ↑ Marcos, Cristina. "Boehner rebels replaced on committee". The Hill. http://thehill.com/blogs/floor-action/house/238753-house-panel-replaces-members-after-boehner-rebellion. 
  34. ↑ Wong, Scott (June 27, 2015). "The dozen rebels targeted by GOP leaders". The Hill. http://thehill.com/homenews/house/246337-the-dozen-rebels-targeted-by-gop-leaders. 
  35. ↑ "A Brief History of the 2013 Government Shutdown" (in en). http://www.mediaite.com/tv/a-brief-history-of-the-2013-government-shutdown/. 
  36. ↑ Jacobs, Ryan (October 4, 2013). "32 Republicans Who Caused the Government Shutdown". The Atlantic. https://www.theatlantic.com/politics/archive/2013/10/32-republicans-who-caused-the-government-shutdown/280236/. 
  37. ↑ Lizza, Ryan (December 14, 2015). "A House Divided". http://www.newyorker.com/magazine/2015/12/14/a-house-divided. 
  38. ↑ "Kevin McCarthy Announces Run for Speaker of the House". September 28, 2015. https://www.theatlantic.com/politics/archive/2015/09/kevin-mccarthy-announces-run-for-speaker-of-the-house/407779/. 
  39. ↑ Costa, Mike DeBonis, Robert; Helderman, Rosalind S. (October 8, 2015). "House Majority Leader Kevin McCarthy drops out of race for House speaker". The Washington Post. ISSN 0190-8286. https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/powerpost/wp/2015/10/08/house-majority-leader-kevin-mccarthy-drops-out-of-race-for-house-speaker/. 
  40. ↑ "In Context: What Kevin McCarthy said about Hillary Clinton and Benghazi" (in en). PolitiFact. http://www.politifact.com/truth-o-meter/article/2015/oct/07/context-what-kevin-mccarthy-said-about-hillary-cli/. 
  41. ↑ 41.0 41.1 "Rep. Ribble leaves Freedom Caucus over moves in leadership race". Politico. October 8, 2015. http://www.politico.com/blogs/the-gavel/2015/10/ribble-leaves-freedom-caucus-214596. 
  42. ↑ David M. Herszenhorn (October 21, 2015), "Freedom Caucus Is Key to Paul Ryan House Speaker Decision", The New York Times, https://www.nytimes.com/2015/10/22/us/politics/paul-ryan-house-speaker-freedom-caucus.html 
  43. ↑ DeBonis, Mike; Costa, Robert (October 21, 2015). "'Supermajority' of House Freedom Caucus to back Paul Ryan's speaker bid". The Washington Post. ISSN 0190-8286. https://www.washingtonpost.com/politics/supermajority-of-house-freedom-caucus-to-back-paul-ryans-speaker-bid/2015/10/21/d7411964-781e-11e5-a958-d889faf561dc_story.html. 
  44. ↑ Steinhauer, Jennifer (October 29, 2015). "Paul Ryan Is Elected House Speaker, Hoping to Manage Chaos". The New York Times. https://www.nytimes.com/2015/10/30/us/politics/paul-ryan-set-to-take-over-as-speaker-hoping-to-manage-the-chaos.html. 
  45. ↑ Nguyen, Tina (October 30, 2017). ""Idiots," "Anarchists," and "Assholes": Boehner Unloads on Republicans" (in en). The Hive. https://www.vanityfair.com/news/2017/10/john-boehner-on-republican-party. 
  46. ↑ Schneider, Elena (August 15, 2016). "The GOP establishment strikes back". Politico. http://www.politico.com/story/2016/08/gop-establishment-strikes-back-house-freedom-caucus-226997. 
  47. ↑ Robertson, Joe; Tate, Curtis (August 2, 2016). "Tea party's Tim Huelskamp ousted by challenger Roger Marshall in Kansas congressional race". The Kansas City Star. http://www.kansascity.com/news/politics-government/election/article93390117.html. 
  48. ↑ Bade, Rachael (November 13, 2016). "Can the Freedom Caucus survive Donald Trump?" (in en). https://www.politico.com/story/2016/11/house-freedom-caucus-donald-trump-231258. 
  49. ↑ "House Freedom Caucus plots return to relevance as GOP eyes majority". September 22, 2022. https://www.axios.com/2022/09/22/house-freedom-caucus-relevancy-mccarthy. 
  50. ↑ "Breaking: House Republicans withdraw health care bill". CNN Wire. KFOR-TV. March 24, 2017. http://kfor.com/2017/03/24/breaking-house-republicans-withdraw-health-care-bill/. "Freedom Caucus members stood by their ideological objections to a bill they say does not go far enough in repealing Obamacare." 
  51. ↑ Shannon Pettypiece Jennifer Jacobs & Billy House, Trump Meets Freedom Caucus and Result Is Legislative Disaster, Bloomberg (March 25, 2017).
  52. ↑ Eliza Collins, Collapse of Obamacare repeal plan puts Freedom Caucus in complicated spot, USA Today (March 24, 2017): "While the bill faced critics from all factions of the party, no group played more of a role in sinking the legislation than the Freedom Caucus."
  53. ↑ "Trump tweets about Democrats, Freedom Caucus after health care bill fails". CBS News. March 26, 2017. https://www.cbsnews.com/amp/news/trump-tweets-about-democrats-freedom-caucus-after-health-care-bill-fails/. 
  54. ↑ Weber, Joseph (March 26, 2017). "Trump hits Freedom Caucus, Washington conservatives for nixing ObamaCare overhaul". Fox News. http://www.foxnews.com/politics/2017/03/26/trump-hits-freedom-caucus-washington-conservatives-for-nixing-obamacare-overhaul.amp.html. 
  55. ↑ Abby Livingston, "U.S. Rep. Ted Poe resigns from Freedom Caucus", Texas Tribune (March 26, 2017).
  56. ↑ Glenn Thrush, "'We Must Fight Them': Trump Goes After Conservatives of Freedom Caucus", The New York Times (March 30, 2017).
  57. ↑ Jordan Fabian, Trump threatens to 'fight' Freedom Caucus in midterms, The Hill (March 30, 2017).
  58. ↑ Golshan, Tara (August 28, 2017). "Meet the most powerful man in the House". Vox. https://www.vox.com/policy-and-politics/2017/8/28/16107200/mark-meadows-freedom-caucus-explained. 
  59. ↑ Cheney, Kyle (May 7, 2018). "Trump's GOP 'warriors' lead charge against Mueller". https://www.politico.com/story/2018/05/07/trump-mueller-republican-warriors-congress-571562. 
  60. ↑ "House Freedom Caucus votes to condemn Amash's impeachment comments". The Hill. May 20, 2019. https://thehill.com/homenews/house/444691-house-freedom-caucus-votes-to-condemn-amashs-impeachment-comments. 
  61. ↑ 61.0 61.1 Byrd, Haley; Sullivan, Kate (June 11, 2019). "Justin Amash leaves the conservative Freedom Caucus". CNN. https://www.cnn.com/2019/06/10/politics/justin-amash-leaves-freedom-caucus. 
  62. ↑ "Rep. Justin Amash explores Libertarian presidential run". NBC News. April 28, 2020. https://www.nbcnews.com/politics/2020-election/rep-justin-amash-explores-libertarian-presidential-run-n1194941. 
  63. ↑ Swanson, Ian (October 8, 2019). "Freedom Caucus demands release of full Volker transcript" (in en). https://thehill.com/homenews/house/464889-freedom-caucus-demands-release-of-full-volker-transcript. 
  64. ↑ Andrews, Natalie; Wise, Lindsay (November 8, 2019). "House Freedom Caucus Emerges as Trump's Main Defender". The Wall Street Journal. https://www.wsj.com/articles/house-freedom-caucus-emerges-as-trumps-main-defender-11573214400. Retrieved February 28, 2021. 
  65. ↑ "Trump Names Mark Meadows Chief of Staff, Ousting Mick Mulvaney". The New York Times. March 6, 2020. https://www.nytimes.com/2020/03/06/us/politics/trump-mark-meadows-mick-mulvaney.html. 
  66. ↑ "House conservatives pile on Cheney at GOP conference meeting". Politico. July 21, 2020. https://www.politico.com/news/2020/07/21/house-cheney-gop-conference-375812. 
  67. ↑ Gould, Joe (December 8, 2020). "Defying Trump, House approves defense bill with veto-proof majority". Sightline Media Group. https://www.defensenews.com/congress/2020/12/08/defying-trump-house-oks-defense-bill-335-78/. ""The House Freedom Caucus, a bloc of roughly three-dozen conservatives, backed Trump's position Tuesday and said its members would vote against the bill."" 
  68. ↑ Rachael Bade, Josh Dawsey & Tom Hamburger, Trump pressures congressional Republicans to help in his fight to overturn the election, Washington Post (December 10, 2020).
  69. ↑ Farnoush Amiri, Evidence mounts of GOP involvement in Trump election schemes, Associated Press (May 1, 2022).
  70. ↑ Keith Newell (November 17, 2022). "2020 election objectors overwhelmingly won reelection, but largely raised less money than the average incumbent Republican". OpenSecrets.org (Center for Responsive Politics). https://www.opensecrets.org/news/2022/11/2020-election-objectors-overwhelmingly-won-reelection-but-largely-raised-less-money-than-the-average-incumbent-republican/. 
  71. ↑ Mike DeBonis, Josh Dawsey & Seung Min Kim, Several senior Republicans join impeachment push, Washington Post (January 13, 2021).
  72. ↑ Catie Edmondson, Cheney facing internal backlash for impeachment vote as Republican rifts deepen over Trump., New York Times (January 14, 2021).
  73. ↑ Lindsey McPherson, House impeaches Trump in wake of mob attack on Capitol, Roll Call (January 13, 2021).
  74. ↑ Solender, Andrew (April 17, 2021). "America First Caucus Rejected By Right-Wing Freedom Caucus". Forbes. https://www.forbes.com/sites/andrewsolender/2021/04/17/america-first-caucus-rejected-even-by-right-wing-freedom-caucus/?sh=4af8830336a8. Retrieved November 15, 2022. 
  75. ↑ Diaz, Daniella (April 18, 2021). "Marjorie Taylor Greene scraps planned launch of controversial 'America First' caucus amid blowback from GOP". CNN. https://www.cnn.com/2021/04/17/politics/marjorie-taylor-greene-america-first-caucus/index.html. 
  76. ↑ Ball, Molly (June 14, 2022). "How the 'MAGA Squad' Is Building Power to Control the Next Congress". Time. https://time.com/6186037/matt-gaetz-marjorie-taylor-greene-maga-house-republicans/. Retrieved November 15, 2022. 
  77. ↑ Alemany, Jacqueline; Sotomayor, Marianna; Dawsey, Josh (November 21, 2021). "A MAGA squad of Trump loyalists sees its influence grow amid demands for political purity among Republicans". The Washington Post. https://www.washingtonpost.com/politics/greene-boebert-gosar-gaetz/2021/11/20/c77dc78a-47dd-11ec-973c-be864f938c72_story.html. 
  78. ↑ Bedayn, Jesse (November 11, 2022). "Trump loyalist Boebert's reelection bid could go to recount". ABC News. Associated Press / Report for America. https://abcnews.go.com/Politics/wireStory/trump-loyalist-boeberts-reelection-bid-recount-93075542. 
  79. ↑ Itkowitz, Colby (December 26, 2021). "House MAGA squad seeks to expand by boosting challengers to fellow Republicans". The Washington Post. https://www.washingtonpost.com/politics/house-maga-squad/2021/12/26/654f49ea-5448-11ec-8769-2f4ecdf7a2ad_story.html. 
  80. ↑ Talbot, Haley; Grayer, Annie; Zanona, Melanie; Rimmer, Morgan (July 6, 2023). "House Freedom Caucus voted to remove Greene before July Fourth break, congressman says". CNN. https://www.cnn.com/2023/07/06/politics/marjorie-taylor-greene-house-freedom-caucus/index.html. 
  81. ↑ "Greene ousted from Freedom Caucus, board member says". The Hill. July 6, 2023. https://thehill.com/homenews/house/4084065-greene-ousted-from-freedom-caucus-board-member-says/. 
  82. ↑ "Home: Find Your Local Representatives". https://statefreedomcaucus.org/. 
  83. ↑ "The Back Mic: Phelan on Democratic Chair Fight, Senate Election Drawing Listed, Freedom Caucus Adds Four Members". The Texan. January 13, 2023. https://thetexan.news/the-back-mic-phelan-on-democratic-chair-fight-senate-election-drawing-listed-freedom-caucus-adds-four-members/. 
  84. ↑ Mahaleris, Andrew (April 9, 2021). "NH Freedom Caucus Calls House Budget a Big Win, But Changes Are Coming". NH Journal. https://nhjournal.com/nh-freedom-caucus-calls-house-budget-a-big-win-but-changes-are-coming/. 
  85. ↑ "N.C. Rep. Kidwell, Hanig named to reformation of NC House Freedom Caucus". WNCT. January 29, 2021. https://www.wnct.com/news/politics/n-c-rep-kidwell-hanig-named-to-reformation-of-nc-house-freedom-caucus/. 
  86. ↑ "Members". October 21, 2014. https://freedomcaucus.wastateleg.org/about/. 
  87. ↑ "New 'Freedom Caucus' launches, targets Michigan House rules". The Detroit News. https://www.detroitnews.com/story/news/politics/michigan/2023/01/10/new-freedom-caucus-launches-targets-michigan-house-rules/69794203007/. 
  88. ↑ "Freedom Caucus Founder's Reason for Ditching Group Raises Eyebrows Online". Newsweek. February 9, 2023. https://www.newsweek.com/house-freedom-caucus-founder-leaves-group-david-schweikert-1780161. 
  89. ↑ 89.0 89.1 Carney, Jordain (August 24, 2022). "The House Freedom Caucus is urging Senate Republicans to oppose a same-sex marriage bill. Their chairperson voted for it." (in en). https://www.politico.com/minutes/congress/07-22-2022/freedom-caucus-split/. 
  90. ↑ Beavers, Olivia; Carney, Jordain (November 10, 2022). "House Freedom Caucus ties itself in knots over challenging McCarthy". Politico. https://www.politico.com/news/2022/11/10/mccarthy-freedom-caucus-midterms-00066149. 
  91. ↑ 91.0 91.1 Matt Fuller, Sam Brodey & Zachary Petrizzo, Kevin McCarthy’s Speakership Is in Trouble Before It Starts, Daily Beast (November 10, 2022).
  92. ↑ Brooks, Emily (November 14, 2022). "Rep. Andy Biggs to challenge McCarthy for Speaker". The Hill. https://thehill.com/homenews/house/3735560-rep-andy-biggs-to-challenge-mccarthy-for-speaker/. 
  93. ↑ 93.0 93.1 Walsh, Deirdre (November 15, 2022). "McCarthy nominated speaker in internal GOP vote but he faces conservative resistance". National Public Radio. https://www.npr.org/2022/11/15/1136811629/mccarthy-nominated-house-speaker-gop-republicans. 
  94. ↑ 94.0 94.1 Erin Doherty & Andrew Solender, McCarthy: Democrats could influence House speaker pick if GOP doesn't unite, Axios (November 29, 2022).
  95. ↑ 95.0 95.1 Philip Elliott, The NeverKevins Can Still Block McCarthy's Bid for Speaker, Time (November 22, 2022).
  96. ↑ Tully-McManis, Katherine (November 10, 2022). "Freedom Caucus prepares to flex". Politico. https://www.politico.com/newsletters/huddle/2022/11/10/freedom-caucus-prepares-to-flex-00066164. 
  97. ↑ Solender, Andrew (November 15, 2022). "Freedom Caucus fires its warning shot at McCarthy". Axios. https://www.axios.com/2022/11/15/freedom-caucus-kevin-mccarthy-house-speaker. 
  98. ↑ "Marjorie Taylor Greene breaks with far-right allies...". November 14, 2022. https://www.axios.com/2022/11/14/marjorie-taylor-greene-mccarthy-speaker. 
  99. ↑ Olson, Tyler (November 4, 2022). "Byron Donalds, seeking a House GOP leadership post, wants to decentralize power away from party leaders". Fox News. https://www.foxnews.com/politics/byron-donalds-seeking-house-gop-leadership-post-wants-decentralize-power-away-party-leaders. 
  100. ↑ "Rep. Lisa McClain wins race to become next House Republican conference secretary". Washington Examiner. November 15, 2022. https://www.washingtonexaminer.com/news/house/lisa-mcclain-next-house-republican-conference-secretar. 
  101. ↑ 101.0 101.1 Olivia Beavers & Jordain Carney, Wanted by McCarthy critics: 1 qualified alternative speaker, Politico (December 11, 2022).
  102. ↑ 102.0 102.1 102.2 102.3 102.4 Emily Brooks, Seven hard-line House Republicans lay out Speaker demands amid McCarthy opposition, The Hill (December 9, 2022).
  103. ↑ 103.0 103.1 103.2 Andrew Solender, McCarthy's math problem, Axios (November 30, 2022).
  104. ↑ "How Far Right Are the 20 Republicans Who Voted Against McCarthy?". The New York Times. January 4, 2023. https://www.nytimes.com/interactive/2023/01/04/us/politics/house-speaker-republicans-vote-against-mccarthy.html. 
  105. ↑ "House passes rules package that was at heart of McCarthy's speaker battle". CBS News. January 10, 2023. https://www.cbsnews.com/news/house-rules-republicans-kevin-mccarthy-speaker-concessions-conservatives/. 
  106. ↑ McCann Ramirez, Nikki (June 21, 2023). "MTG Loses It, Calls Lauren Boebert a 'Little B-tch' On House Floor: Report" (in en-US). Rolling Stone. https://www.rollingstone.com/politics/politics-news/marjorie-taylor-greene-lauren-boebert-little-bitch-house-floor-meltdown-1234775911/. 
  107. ↑ Carney, Jordain (July 6, 2023). "Marjorie Taylor Greene booted from House Freedom Caucus" (in en). Politico. https://www.politico.com/news/2023/07/06/marjorie-taylor-greene-booted-out-of-freedom-caucus-member-says-00104997. 
  108. ↑ Cowan, Richard; Slattery, Gram (June 2, 2023). "US Congress averts historic default, approves debt-limit suspension". https://www.reuters.com/world/us/us-senate-aims-quick-passage-debt-ceiling-bill-avoid-default-2023-06-01/. 
  109. ↑ Morgan, David; Walker, Josephine (July 27, 2023). "US House approves first 2024 spending bill, delays a second". https://www.reuters.com/world/us/us-house-votes-approve-first-2024-spending-bill-2023-07-27/. 
  110. ↑ Hunnicutt, Trevor (June 5, 2023). "Biden signs debt limit bill, avoiding U.S. default". https://www.reuters.com/world/us/biden-signs-bill-lifting-us-debt-limit-2023-06-03/. 
  111. ↑ Hulse, Carl (September 10, 2023). "Congress Embarks on Spending Battle as Shutdown Looms at End of September". The New York Times. https://www.nytimes.com/2023/09/10/us/politics/congress-spending-battle.html. 
  112. ↑ Hulse, Carl (September 11, 2023). "McCarthy Is Under the Gun as the House Returns for a Spending Fight". The New York Times. https://www.nytimes.com/2023/09/11/us/politics/mccarthy-house-spending-fight.html. 
  113. ↑ Beavers, Olivia; Ferris, Sarah; Diaz, Daniella; Wu, Nicholas (September 29, 2023). "Matt Gaetz is reaching out to Dems about a McCarthy ouster". Politico. https://www.politico.com/live-updates/2023/09/29/congress/gaetz-courts-dems-00119085. 
  114. ↑ Hulse, Carl; Edmondson, Catie (September 30, 2023). "Senate Voting to Keep Government Running Through Mid-November". The New York Times. https://www.nytimes.com/live/2023/09/30/us/government-shutdown-news. 
  115. ↑ Karni, Annie (September 22, 2023). "With House Hurtling Toward a Shutdown, Gaetz Is Leading the Resistance". The New York Times. https://www.nytimes.com/2023/09/22/us/politics/house-republicans-shutdown-gaetz.html. 
  116. ↑ Demirjian, Karoun (October 1, 2023). "Gaetz Says He Will Move to Oust McCarthy for Working With Democrats". The New York Times. https://www.nytimes.com/2023/10/01/us/politics/mccarthy-speaker-gaetz.html. 
  117. ↑ Edmondson, Catie (October 2, 2023). "Gaetz Moves to Oust McCarthy, Threatening His Grip on the Speakership". The New York Times. https://www.nytimes.com/2023/10/02/us/politics/mccarthy-gaetz-house-speaker.html. 
  118. ↑ Edmondson, Catie; Broadwater, Luke (October 3, 2023). "House to Decide McCarthy's Future as Speaker". The New York Times. https://www.nytimes.com/live/2023/10/03/us/mccarthy-gaetz-speaker-news/kevin-mccarthy-speaker. 
  119. ↑ The Freedom Caucus has been widely described as right-wing:
  120. ↑
  121. ↑ Nguyen, Tina (October 30, 2017). ""Idiots," "Anarchists," and "Assholes": Boehner Unloads on Republicans" (in en). The Hive. https://www.vanityfair.com/news/2017/10/john-boehner-on-republican-party. 
  122. ↑ "Inside the House Freedom Caucus' identity crisis". Politico. April 29, 2022. https://www.politico.com/news/2022/04/29/house-republican-freedom-caucus-challenges-00023071. 
  123. ↑ Friedman, Dan (July 13, 2016). "For These House Republicans, the NRA's Seal of Approval Isn't Enough". https://www.thetrace.org/2016/07/freedom-caucus-house-conservatives-oppose-nra-backed-gun-bill/. 
  124. ↑ "Rep. Boebert Elected as House Freedom Caucus Communications Chair" (in en). January 20, 2022. https://boebert.house.gov/media/press-releases/rep-boebert-elected-house-freedom-caucus-communications-chair. 
  125. ↑ "Mark Meadows Elected House Freedom Caucus Chairperson" (in en). December 6, 2016. https://www.rollcall.com/2016/12/05/mark-meadows-elected-house-freedom-caucus-chairman/. 
  126. ↑ Zanona, Melanie (September 10, 2019). "House Freedom Caucus picks Andy Biggs as new chairperson" (in en). https://politi.co/30784Cj. 
  127. ↑ Falconer, Rebecca (November 16, 2021). "House Freedom Caucus elects GOP Rep. Scott Perry as next chair". Axios. https://www.axios.com/gop-rep-scott-perry-house-freedom-caucus-chair-cf857229-80a0-4ea7-80d8-b837b55703bd.html. 
  128. ↑ Beavers, Olivia (December 11, 2023). "Freedom Caucus elects new chair: Bob Good, who voted to boot McCarthy". Politico. https://www.politico.com/live-updates/2023/12/11/congress/good-gets-ahead-00131226. 
  129. ↑ 129.0 129.1 Huetteman, Emmarie (March 20, 2017). "On Health Law, G.O.P. Faces a Formidable Policy Foe: House Republicans". The New York Times. https://www.nytimes.com/2017/03/20/us/politics/on-health-law-gop-faces-a-formidable-policy-foe-house-republicans.html. "So secretive that it will not disclose the names of its members, [...] the roughly three dozen" 
  130. ↑ Benen, Steve (February 13, 2020). "House Freedom Caucus members move from the fringe to power". MSNBC. https://www.msnbc.com/rachel-maddow-show/house-freedom-caucus-members-move-fringe-power-n1136351. 
  131. ↑ Herszenhorn, David M. (October 7, 2015). "Hard-Line Republicans Want to Change More Than House Speaker". The New York Times. https://www.nytimes.com/2015/10/08/us/politics/hard-line-republicans-flex-muscle-as-election-of-house-speaker-looms.html. 
  132. ↑ "Committees and Caucuses | Representative Barry Moore". January 3, 2021. https://barrymoore.house.gov/about/committees-and-caucuses. 
  133. ↑ Wong, Scott (December 4, 2020). "McCarthy woos Freedom Caucus with eye on Speakership". The Hill. https://www.msn.com/en-us/news/politics/mccarthy-woos-freedom-caucus-with-eye-on-speakership/ar-BB1bD663. "Gary Palmer (Ala.), a Freedom Caucus member" 
  134. ↑ 134.0 134.1 134.2 Ivory, Danielle; Smart, Charlie; Yourish, Karen (January 4, 2023). "How Far Right Are the 20 Republicans Who Voted Against McCarthy?" (in en). The New York Times. https://www.nytimes.com/interactive/2023/01/04/us/politics/house-speaker-republicans-vote-against-mccarthy.html. 
  135. ↑ Hansen, Ronald J. (March 24, 2017). "Two Arizona Republican House members helped sink 'Obamacare' repeal". http://www.azcentral.com/story/news/politics/arizona/2017/03/24/two-arizona-republican-house-members-helped-sink-health-bill/99571014/. 
  136. ↑ Sanchez, Yvonne Wingett; Hansen, Ronald J. (July 16, 2018). "McCain and Flake ripped Trump's Putin performance, but other Ariz. reps mostly silent". https://www.azcentral.com/story/news/politics/arizona/2018/07/16/arizona-delegation-mostly-silent-trump-performance-putin-helsinki-summit/789576002/. 
  137. ↑ Garcia, Eric (July 18, 2018). "Gosar Endorses Ward Over McSally in Arizona Senate Race". https://www.rollcall.com/news/politics/gosar-endorses-kelli-ward. 
  138. ↑ "Committees and Caucuses | Representative Lauren Boebert". January 3, 2021. https://boebert.house.gov/about/committees-and-caucuses. 
  139. ↑ "In HBO film, Ken Buck suggests he will leave Congress soon" (in en-US). August 2, 2020. https://www.denverpost.com/2020/08/02/ken-buck-hbo-congress-freedom-caucus/. 
  140. ↑ Provenzano, Brianna (March 27, 2017). "Who's in the House Freedom Caucus? Here's a list of Republicans in the group." (in en). https://www.mic.com/articles/172235/who-s-in-the-house-freedom-caucus-here-s-a-list-of-republicans-in-the-group. 
  141. ↑ "Anna Paulina Luna Says Colleague 'Threatened' Her Over McCarthy Stance". Newsweek. December 31, 2022. https://www.newsweek.com/anna-paulina-luna-says-colleague-threatened-her-over-mccarthy-stance-1770524. "In a statement issued to Newsweek on Saturday morning, Luna said: "The member that called me was NOT MTG. Marjorie came down and helped me in my primary and is also a fellow member of the Freedom Caucus. She would never do that to me."" 
  142. ↑ "As House Republicans Brace for Losses, Freedom Caucus Prepares for Growth" (in en). October 31, 2018. https://www.rollcall.com/2018/10/31/as-house-republicans-brace-for-losses-freedom-caucus-prepares-for-growth/. 
  143. ↑ "House Freedom Caucus Could Add 7 New Conservative Members". November 4, 2020. https://www.dailysignal.com/2020/11/04/house-freedom-caucus-could-add-7-new-conservative-members/. 
  144. ↑ "Byron Donalds says he'll join House Freedom and Black Congressional Caucuses · the Floridian". September 18, 2020. https://floridianpress.com/2020/09/byron-donalds-says-hell-join-house-freedom-and-black-congressional-caucuses/. 
  145. ↑ Haroun, Azmi. "13 members of the pro-Trump House Freedom Caucus refused to condemn Myanmar's generals who violently overthrew elected leaders" (in en-US). https://www.businessinsider.com/freedom-caucus-gop-members-refuse-condemn-myanmar-coup-2021-3. 
  146. ↑ "3 strikes for McCarthy – but he's not out yet". Politico. January 3, 2022. https://www.politico.com/news/2023/01/03/mccarthy-speaker-house-vote-00076047. 
  147. ↑ "Committees and Caucuses" (in en). https://fulcher.house.gov/committees-and-caucuses. 
  148. ↑ "Who is Mary Miller, Republican representative for Illinois' 15th Congressional District?". January 7, 2021. https://www.chicagotribune.com/opinion/editorials/ct-who-is-mary-miller-15th-congressional-district-candidate-20200228-qdc257smdbevdfxvpt5sfepcg4-story.html. 
  149. ↑ "Committees & Caucuses" (in en). December 13, 2012. https://clayhiggins.house.gov/about/committees-and-caucuses. 
  150. ↑ Campbell, Colin (April 17, 2020). "Rep. Andy Harris, House Freedom Caucus send letter urging Trump to reopen economy". https://www.baltimoresun.com/coronavirus/bs-md-20200417-dzzmt6wjxjdarfhe2omknfg5ja-story.html. 
  151. ↑ DeSilver, Drew (January 23, 2023). "Freedom Caucus likely to play a bigger role in new GOP-led House. So who are they?". https://www.pewresearch.org/fact-tank/2023/01/23/freedom-caucus-likely-to-play-a-bigger-role-in-new-gop-led-house-so-who-are-they/. 
  152. ↑ "Committees and Caucuses". https://rosendale.house.gov/about/committees-and-caucuses.htm. 
  153. ↑ "Greg Murphy wins reelection to 3rd Congressional District". North State Journal. November 8, 2022. https://nsjonline.com/article/2022/11/greg-murphy-wins-reelection-to-3rd-congressional-district/. 
  154. ↑ HFF (September 13, 2019), Two Big Wins in North Carolina, House Freedom Fund, https://www.housefreedomfund.com/post/184/two-big-wins-in-north-carolina 
  155. ↑ 155.0 155.1 155.2 155.3 155.4 155.5 155.6 French, Lauren (January 26, 2015). "9 Republicans launch House Freedom Caucus". http://www.politico.com/story/2015/01/house-freedom-caucus-conservative-legislation-114593.html. 
  156. ↑ "Boehner's successor joins Freedom Caucus". Politico. June 9, 2016. http://www.politico.com/story/2016/06/warren-davidson-freedom-caucus-224145. 
  157. ↑ 157.0 157.1 157.2 157.3 "House Freedom Caucus Forms 'Fight Club' in House". 218. http://blogs.rollcall.com/218/house-freedom-caucus-forms-fight-club/. 
  158. ↑ Palmer, Anna; French, Lauren (February 5, 2015). "Ron DeSantis, Jeff Duncan quit House whip team". http://www.politico.com/story/2015/02/ron-desantis-jeff-duncan-house-whip-team-114947.html. 
  159. ↑ Lovegrove, Jamie (July 2, 2018). "Freedom Caucus chairperson Mark Meadows to headline South Carolina GOP fundraiser". https://www.postandcourier.com/politics/freedom-caucus-chairman-mark-meadows-to-headline-south-carolina-gop/article_36489cf2-7e20-11e8-a3ba-a399c63a03c5.html. 
  160. ↑ Roche, Darragh (November 10, 2022). "Full list of Freedom Caucus Members after 2022 midterms results" (in en). https://www.newsweek.com/who-house-freedom-caucus-full-list-members-after-midterms-results-1758547. 
  161. ↑ Broden, Scott (April 22, 2015). "DesJarlais raises $144,677 for 2016 campaign". http://www.dnj.com/story/news/2015/04/22/desjarlais-raises-campaign/26213755/. 
  162. ↑ "Committees" (in en). https://markgreen.house.gov/committees. 
  163. ↑ Morton, Joseph (September 18, 2023). "Some Texas Republicans among those spoiling for spending fight as shutdown approaches" (in en). Dallas News. https://www.dallasnews.com/news/2023/09/18/some-texas-republicans-among-those-spoiling-for-spending-fight-as-shutdown-approaches/. 
  164. ↑ Daniella Diaz (February 25, 2021). "House Freedom Caucus members question Liz Cheney's leadership again after her latest Trump comments". CNN. https://www.cnn.com/2021/02/25/politics/liz-cheney-house-freedom-caucus/index.html. 
  165. ↑ "Freedom Caucus members to huddle with Trump" (in en). The Hill. June 3, 2022. https://thehill.com/homenews/house/3510839-freedom-caucus-members-to-huddle-with-trump/. 
  166. ↑ "Accountability For China, COVID-19 Relief Package Among Issues To Be Addressed By House Freedom Caucus Today" (Press release). Falkirk Center for Faith and Liberty. PR Newswire. July 27, 2020. Retrieved April 1, 2021 – via Associated Press. HFC Members: ... Michael Cloud
  167. ↑ "Committees and Caucuses" (in en). January 3, 2021. http://good.house.gov/about/committees-and-caucuses. 
  168. ↑ Fox, Lauren; Raju, Manu; Grayer, Annie; Diaz, Daniella (May 12, 2021). "Elise Stefanik faces increased conservative headwinds in rise to leadership". CNN. https://www.cnn.com/2021/05/12/politics/conservative-opposition-stefanik-leadership-job/index.html. "Freedom Caucus member Ben Cline" 
  169. ↑ Zanona, Melanie (July 14, 2020). "Freedom Caucus member tests positive for coronavirus" (in en). https://www.politico.com/news/2020/07/14/freedom-caucus-morgan-griffith-coronavirus-361224. 
  170. ↑ Zanona, Melanie (December 8, 2020). "GOP Rep. Mooney wants to condemn lawmakers who call on Trump to concede" (in en). https://www.politico.com/news/2020/12/08/alex-mooney-against-trump-concession-443603. 
  171. ↑ Bridget Bowman (February 11, 2020), Outside groups flock to Wisconsin race to replace Sean Duffy, Roll Call, https://www.rollcall.com/2020/02/11/outside-groups-flock-to-race-to-replace-sean-duffy//, retrieved May 20, 2020 
  172. ↑ Arnsdorf, Isaac; Sotomayor, Marianna (November 2, 2022). "New class of combative MAGA candidates poised to roil House GOP" (in en). The Washington Post. https://www.washingtonpost.com/politics/2022/11/02/new-class-combative-maga-candidates-poised-roil-house-gop/. 
  173. ↑ Marcos, Christina (April 27, 2017). "Texas Republican departs Freedom Caucus". http://thehill.com/homenews/house/330890-texas-republican-departs-freedom-caucus. 
  174. ↑ Livingston, Abby (March 26, 2017). "U.S. Rep. Ted Poe resigns from Freedom Caucus". https://www.texastribune.org/2017/03/26/ted-poe-resigns-freedom-caucus. 
  175. ↑ @DaveBratVA7th (March 13, 2015). "Proud to be part of House Freedom Caucus". https://twitter.com/DaveBratVA7th/status/576445618362552320. 
  176. ↑ 176.0 176.1 Fuller, Matt (September 16, 2015). "House Freedom Caucus Loses Member Over Planned Parenthood". CNN. http://blogs.rollcall.com/218/house-freedom-caucus-loses-member-over-planned-parenthood/?dcz=. 
  177. ↑ Wong, Scott; Shabad, Rebecca; Marcos, Cristina (February 26, 2015). "House will vote Friday to prevent Homeland Security shutdown". http://thehill.com/housenews/house/234067-house-will-vote-friday-to-prevent-homeland-security-shutdown. 
  178. ↑ "Congressman Cawthorn Joins the House Freedom Caucus" (Press release). Madison Cawthorn. October 28, 2021. Archived from the original on October 29, 2021. Retrieved October 29, 2021.
  179. ↑ Newhauser, Daniel; Mimms, Sarah; Roubein, Rachel (February 26, 2015). "Boehner Has a Plan to Avoid a DHS Shutdown – But It Might Not Pass". http://www.nationaljournal.com/congress/boehner-has-a-plan-to-avoid-a-dhs-shutdown-but-it-might-not-pass-20150226. 
  180. ↑ "Senate confirms Fleming as assistant secretary of commerce for economic development". Bossier Press-Tribune. http://bossierpress.com/senate-confirms-fleming-as-assistant-secretary-of-commerce-for-economic-development/. 
  181. ↑ Portnoy, Jenna (March 15, 2017). "Three Virginia GOP congressmen, including Rep. Tom Garrett in 5th District, line up against GOP health care plan". http://www.roanoke.com/news/politics/three-virginia-gop-congressmen-including-rep-tom-garrett-in-th/article_381db19e-3a89-5e45-8c4f-83f2f65b8396.html. 
  182. ↑ "Rep. Gohmert: Dem's Equality Act is 'All About Power', Eviscerates First Amendment" (in en). February 25, 2021. https://gohmert.house.gov/news/documentsingle.aspx?DocumentID=399920. 
  183. ↑ "Marjorie Taylor Greene is no longer a member of the Freedom Caucus after a vote last month, according to one member of the conservative group's board.". Politico. July 6, 2023. https://www.politico.com/minutes/congress/07-6-2023/mtg-freedom-caucus-ouster/. 
  184. ↑ 184.0 184.1 Darnell, Tim (March 19, 2015). "Can the House Freedom Caucus save the GOP?". http://www.peachpundit.com/2015/03/19/can-the-house-freedom-caucus-save-the-gop/. 
  185. ↑ "Tim Huelskamp, Anti-Establishment House Republican, Loses Primary in Kansas". The New York Times. August 3, 2016. https://www.nytimes.com/2016/08/03/us/politics/tim-huelskamp-roger-marshall-kansas-primary.html. 
  186. ↑ "Doug Lamborn: Health care bill's failure a 'setback,' not the end of effort to repeal Obamacare". Colorado Springs Gazette. March 24, 2017. https://gazette.com/government/doug-lamborn-health-care-bill-s-failure-a-setback-not/article_03417e37-4c83-5907-b2de-7f99ad2e4b55.html. 
  187. ↑ Hallerman, Tamar (March 2, 2017). "Barry Loudermilk quietly leaves the House Freedom Caucus". Atlanta Journal-Constitution. http://politics.blog.myajc.com/2017/03/02/barry-loudermilk-quietly-leaves-the-house-freedom-caucus/. 
  188. ↑ 188.0 188.1 Wong, Scott; Marcos, Cristina (June 27, 2015). "The dozen rebels targeted by GOP leaders". http://thehill.com/homenews/house/246337-the-dozen-rebels-targeted-by-gop-leaders. 
  189. ↑ Fox, Lauren (March 26, 2017). "Rep. Poe resigns from House Freedom Caucus". CNN. http://www.cnn.com/2017/03/26/politics/poe-resigns-freedom-caucus/index.html. 
  190. ↑ "Virginia Republican who officiated gay wedding loses nomination for Congress". The Guardian. Associated Press. June 14, 2020. https://www.theguardian.com/us-news/2020/jun/14/virginia-republican-officiated-gay-wedding-loses-nomination-for-congress. "Riggleman, a member of the conservative House Freedom Caucus, ..." 
  191. ↑ "U.S. Rep. Dana Rohrabacher endorses Dr. Kelli Ward for United States Senate". January 23, 2018. http://kelliward.com/articles/u-s-rep-dana-rohrabacher-endorses-dr-kelli-ward-for-united-states-senate. 
  192. ↑ Schelzig, Erik (July 2, 2018). "GOP Rep. Rohrabacher campaigns for Matheny". http://onthehill.tnjournal.net/gop-rep-rohrabacher-campaigns-for-matheny/. 
  193. ↑ Mauriello, Tracie (January 6, 2017). "Freedom Caucus may play role in alternate Obamacare repeal timeline". http://www.post-gazette.com/news/nation/2017/01/06/Freedom-Caucus-may-play-role-in-alternate-Obamacare-repeal-timeline/stories/201701060089. 
  194. ↑ Cohn, Nate; Bloch, Matthew; Quealy, Kevin (February 19, 2018). "The New Pennsylvania House Districts Are In. We Review the Mapmakers' Choices.". https://www.nytimes.com/interactive/2018/02/19/upshot/pennsylvania-new-house-districts-gerrymandering.html. 
  195. ↑ Jones, Ja'han (February 6, 2023). "Freedom Caucus founder ditches the group for unlikely reason". MSNBC. https://www.msnbc.com/the-reidout/reidout-blog/david-schweikert-freedom-caucus-rcna69319. 
  196. ↑ Traub, Alex (February 9, 2021). "Ron Wright, Texas Conservative, Dies at 67". The New York Times. https://www.nytimes.com/2021/02/09/obituaries/ron-wright-dead-coronavirus.html. 
  197. ↑ "Freedom Caucus Member Rep. Ted Yoho Weighs In On Government Shutdown". NPR. January 3, 2019. https://www.npr.org/2019/01/03/682021502/freedom-caucus-member-rep-ted-yoho-weighs-in-on-government-shutdown. "Ted Yoho is a member of the Freedom Caucus." 

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