Social:Gen Z protests

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Short description: Worldwide political activities of Generation Z
Gen Z protests
The victory celebration of Bangladeshi student's one point movement
Bangladeshi revolution
2025 Nepalese Gen Z protesters in front of burning Bharatpur mahanagarpalika office
Nepalese revolution
Indonesian Student Protesters showing poster
Indonesian protests
Moroccan Gen Z gather in Rabat
Moroccan protests
Peruvian protester waving the flag
Peruvian protests
Trillion Peso March
Philippine protests
Italian protesters holding the banner and waving Palestine Flag
Italian protests
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Cameroonian protests
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Malagasy protests
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East Timorese protests
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Bulgarian protests
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Mongolian protests
Gen Z protests around the world
Datec. February 2020 – present
(Template:Approximately 6 years, 2 months)
Location
Worldwide
Caused by
Methods
Resulted inSee Demonstrations described as Gen Z protests

The Gen Z protests are a series of youth-led protests that have occurred in several different countries during the 2020s. The protests in Bangladesh in 2024 are widely cited as the first successful Gen Z revolution,[1][2][3][4] inspiring similar Gen Z-led protests in other Asian countries including Nepal, Indonesia, Philippines, Timor-Leste, and the Maldives,[5][6][7][8][9] as well as in other parts of the world. The protests began in Asia, in what has been described as the Asian Spring, but in 2025, the protests spread to Africa and other places. To date, the earliest known use of the term was in an opinion piece by French market research company Ipsos published on 8 December 2019, referring to the Fridays for Future 2019 protests.[10][11]

Although the causes of the protests are different in each country, they have generally been in response to inequality, declining standards of living, corruption, democratic backsliding and authoritarianism. Social media has been a common tool for activism and coordination. Some protests, like in Bangladesh and Nepal, have resulted in the overthrow of national governments.

Background

Some of the first political unrest Generation Z experienced was related to the Great Recession and later into adulthood of some, issues surrounding the COVID-19 pandemic.[12]

Causes

The demonstrations have had a myriad of causes, varying from country to country. However, they generally relate to dissatisfaction with ruling governments, economic turmoil, and a large, disaffected, often unemployed youth population[13] that experienced declining standards of living due to difficulty accessing basic utilities and resources.[6][14][15] Rising social inequality has also been described as forming the common thread of the protests around the world,[12][16] ultimately feeling unrepresented by the political establishment while still respecting democratic values.[17]

History

See also: Social:Gen Z protests in Asia

Background

Gen Z mobilization (2010–2017)

Gen Z political mobilization started to be recorded as early as in 2010. The earliest known example is during the 2010 United Kingdom student protests when the police reportedly stopped and searched two protesters who were 11 year old twins in an unlawful manner,[18] and it was reported that a significant percentage of other people at the protests were also part of Gen Z.[19] The British police also confessed detaining numerous children who were part of the protests for up to 6 hours, some, once again as young as 11 years old.[20] One year later, during the 2011 UK riots, a 11-year-old boy was arrested over the riots, and a 11-year-old girl was also arrested for her own involvement in the riots.[21][22]

In 2011 during the Arab Spring in Syria a 13 year old boy named Hamza al-Khatib was killed by security forces.[23]

In 2013, during the Gezi Park protests, Berkin Elvan, a 15 year old, was struck in the head by a tear-gas canister fired by a police officer in Istanbul leading to his death.[24] Following his death, various protests by children were observed; for example, During National Sovereignty and Children's Day, four kids who held a banner and chanted slogans were taken into custody by police officers.[25][26][27][28] It is worth noting however, that the average age during the Gezi Park protests was 28.[29]

In October 2015, reports by the U.S Embassy in Lima reported a Gen Z group planned, organized and pursued a minor protest, culminating in a March to Congress. The action was a part of the 2015 Peruvian protests against Las Bambas mining project.[30]

In December 2017, in an article by Americas Quarterly, it was noted that, whilst the main drives of political change within Paraguayan politics at the time were from Generation X, a presence of younger activists was noted.[31]

During the 2017–2018 Russian protests, Gen Z became more politically active and actively participated to the protests, despite not leading it.[32]

Gen Z movements (2018–2023)

Since the late 2010s, members of Generation Z have led protests around the world in what some called the "Gen Z Movement".[33] The very first recorded Gen-Z led movement was March for Our Lives, a Gen-Z, student led movement and organization which saw its formation in March 2018.[34] Other Gen Z Movements around this time include #NoBoundaries5, a sexual movement which begun in 2019.[35] Fridays for Future, which started on 20 August 2018,[34] was the first instance in which a series of protests was ever defined as "Gen Z protests", specifically by an article, published on 8 December 2019 called "Ok Boomer!" and published by Ipsos,[10] coining the term.

Nationwide Gen Z protests are recorded as early as in 2020, with the term being used to describe the 2020–2021 Thai protests.[36] In 2022, the Aragalaya protest occurred, leading to the overthrowal of the Sri Lankan government.

Although not considered part of the Gen Z protests the 2025 Turkish protests, some of the Southeast Europe protests (2024–present) and the 2021-present Myanmar protests saw large participations of Gen Zers.

Gen Z protests (2024–present)

The protests in Bangladesh in 2024 are widely cited as the first successful Gen Z revolution in the world,[1][2][3][4] inspiring similar Gen Z-led protests in other Asian countries including Nepal, Indonesia, Philippines, Timor-Leste, and the Maldives.[37][6][8][9] The term was later used to describe the 2024 Kenya Finance Bill protests, a largely youth-led mass protest movement against a controversial tax hike.[38]


Methods

Social media

Members of Generation Z, who grew up in the age of the Internet,[39] have commonly used social media as a platform to organize and coordinate protests.[40][41][42] Protestors in Morocco and Nepal frequently communicated via the messaging platform Discord,[43][44] and other apps like Instagram, TikTok and Telegram have also been noted as platforms for communication and spreading awareness.[17]

While previous protests in Nepal were initially peaceful or online, a government ban on social media in September 2025 spurred direct action as Gen Z protestors claimed the ban as censorship. The protestors spread short videos on Facebook and TikTok alleging corruption and nepotism.[45] In Morocco, the "GenZ 212" Discord server surged from 3,000 members to over 150,000 by 2 October, showing the rapid spread of the movement among youth.[46] Online coordination, in particular using Discord, was also used for a follow-up political process in the Nepalese case: the online election of a temporary prime minister for a transitionary period.[47][48]

Symbols

The Straw Hat Pirates' Jolly Roger from One Piece

In various Gen Z protests, the Straw Hat Pirates' Jolly Roger from the manga series One Piece has been used as an international symbol of solidarity.[49][50] This flag was first used in the protests in Indonesia.[51][52]

The first and the earliest use of the Straw Hat Pirate flag in protest activity in real-life world, was in Yogyakarta, Indonesia, in October 2023 when thousands of Indonesians protested the Gaza war and Gaza crisis.[53] Almost two years later, student protesters in Indonesia had begun flying the flag again in February 2025.[54] The flag came into prominence during the 2025 Indonesian anti-government protests which started in the weeks leading up to Indonesia Independence Day on 17 August.[55]

In Nepal, when the government of K. P. Sharma Oli was toppled in Nepal, protesters hung the flag at the gates of the Singha Durbar palace as it burned.[49][56] It has also been used in the Philippines,[57] Peru,[52] and Madagascar.[58][41] The response to the use of the Straw Hat flag has been harsh, with an Indonesian lawmaker saying it was an attempt to divide national unity and another suggesting it could amount to treason,[57] drawing criticism from Amnesty International.[50]

In the United States, protesters utilized the design of Manny Heffley from the Diary of a Wimpy Kid book series during the George Floyd protests to oppose Police brutality and support the Black Lives Matter movement. On June 8, 2020, a TikTok post of someone drawing the symbol during a protest went viral. It then began to trend alongside the phrase "the Manny will not be televised."[59] Users created a flag parodying that of the US, featuring black and yellow stripes and the drawing of Manny in the canton.[60] Grafffiti featuring manny alongside anti-police slogans including All cops are bastards and Fuck 12.[61]

In Southeast Asian countries, other pop culture symbols have been used to signal defiance as well, among them references to Harry Potter and the three-finger salute from The Hunger Games.[57] Raqib Naik, director of the Center for the Study of Organized Hate, said "I think we are entering a new era of organizing that draws heavily from digital, pop and gaming culture, creating a common vocabulary".[62]

Demonstrations described as Gen Z protests

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  Ongoing protests
  Successful protests, government overthrown or changed
  Countries where protests overthrew or changed the government multiple times
  Successful protests, government applied the desired reform
  Countries where protests are in a new phase of protests following the failure of the previous one/s
  Failed protests

Ended

Country Duration Cause(s) Results Outcome Ref.
2020
 Thailand
(Phase 1) 		2020–2021 Thai protests
23 February 2020 – December 2021
  • Human rights abuses
  • Political corruption scandals
  • Distrust in the 2019 general election
  • Democratic and economic regression since 2014 Thai coup d'état
  • Expansion of royal prerogative and lèse majesté
 Failed
  • "Severe" state of emergency declared in Bangkok from 15 to 22 October 2020
  • Protesters' demands, including calls for constitutional amendment, failed.
  • Constitutional Court rules that proposing reform of the monarchy is unconstitutional and amounts to acting to overthrow it
  • 2023 Thai general election
 E Major protests [36]
 Nigeria End SARS
3 – 11 October 2020
  • Killings, assaults, and harassment by SARS officials in Africa; lack of freedom of expression
 Successful
  • SARS unit dissolved on 11 October 2020
 E Major protests [63][64][65]
2022
 Sri Lanka Aragalaya
15 March – 14 November 2022 		Successful
  • Resignation of prime minister Mahinda Rajapaksa
  • Exile of Gotabaya Rajapaksa
  • Resignation of the Second Gotabaya Rajapaksa cabinet
  • Ranil Wickremesinghe appointed prime minister and later president
 E Government overthrown [9]
 Japan Raging Years Movement
9 July 2022 – 22 October 2025 		Successful
  • Investigations of the assassination and slush fund scandal
  • Dissolution of the Unification Church in Japan
 E Two governments overthrown
(EKishida government • EIshiba government) 		[66][67][68][69][70]
 Iran
(Phase 1) 		Mahsa Amini protests
16 September 2022 – 2023
  • Judicial system of the Islamic Republic of Iran
  • Death of Mahsa Amini
 Failed
  • Hundreds of people killed and tens of thousands beaten and/or detained in government crackdown
 E Major protests [71][72][73]
2024
 Kenya Kenya Finance Bill protests
18 June – 8 August 2024
  • Kenya Finance Bill 2024
 Successful
  • Finance bill is unsigned and revoked
 E Major protests [37]
 Bangladesh July Revolution
1 July – 5 August 2024
  • Authoritarianism and human rights abuse
  • Economic depression
  • Retainment of the controversial job quota system
  • July massacre
 Successful
  • Prime minister Sheikh Hasina resigned and left the country
  • 2024 Bangladesh constitutional crisis
  • Creation of interim government of Muhammad Yunus
 E Government overthrown [9]
 Mozambique 2024–2025 Mozambican protests
11 October 2024 – 24 March 2025
  • Electoral fraud in the 2024 Mozambican general election
 Failed
  • Daniel Chapo inaugurated 15 January
  • Chapo and Mondlane reach amnesty agreement for protesters 23 March
 E Major protests [74][75][76][77][74][75][76][77] E
2025
 Indonesia 2025 Indonesian protests
17 February – 31 December 2025
  • House of Representatives allowance hike
  • Economic frustration
  • Police brutality
  • General opposition to the current government
 Partial Successful
  • Cabinet of President Prabowo Subianto reshuffled and several laws and policies revised.
 C Protests and governmental changes [40]
 Mongolia 2025 Mongolian protests
14 May – 3 June 2025
  • Corruption
  • Unpopularity of prime minister Luvsannamsrain Oyun-Erdene
 Successful
  • Resignation of prime minister Luvsannamsrain Oyun-Erdene
  • New coalition government established by the ruling MPP
 C Protests and governmental changes [78][79]
 Togo 2025 Togolese Gen Z protests
5 June – 8 December 2025
  • Arrest of the rapper Aamron
  • Unwanted constitutional reforms
  • Youth unemployment
  • Lack of democratic participation
  • Bad living conditions
  • High electricity costs
  • Authoritarianism
 Failed
  • Every goal aside from the lowering of the electricity costs is not achieved.
  • Loss of momentum for the 6.6 Movement in Togo.
 E Major protests [80][81][82]
 Malaysia Oust Anwar protests
26 July 2025
  • Public dissatisfaction with the government under the leadership of prime minister Anwar Ibrahim
  • Increasing prices of goods
  • High cost of living
  • Implementation of the Urban Renewal Act (URA)
  • Increasing prices of Liquefied Petroleum Gas (LPG)
  • Abolition of subsidies
  • Failure to carry out reforms
  • Implementation of Sales and Services and Tax (SST)
  • Political intimidation
 Successful
  • Reduction of petrol price
  • Distribution of US$3.55 billion cash handout
  • Freezing of the plan to raise toll price
  • Reinstatement of Prime Minister Anwar Ibrahim and cabinet reshuffle
 E Protests and governmental changes [83]
 France Bloquons tout
September–October 2025
  • Austerity proposals
  • Opposition to Bayrou government
 Successful
  • Bayrou government dissolved and replaced by the Lecornu government.
  • 2023 pension reform law put on hold indefinitely.
  • Continuation of the French political crisis.
 E Government overthrown [84][85][86]
   Nepal 2025 Nepalese Gen Z revolution
8–13 September 2025 		Successful
  • Resignation of prime minister K. P. Sharma Oli
  • Social media ban lifted and solving its crisis
  • House of Representatives dissolved and the announcement of the 2026 election
 E Government overthrown [40]
 Peru 2025 Peruvian protests
13 September – 16 October 2025
  • Ongoing political crisis since 2016
  • Rise in crime and worsening security crisis
  • Corruption and highest global unpopularity under both President Dina Boluarte's administration and Congress
  • Protests in 2022 and 2023
  • Pension reform
 Partial Successful
  • Impeachment of Dina Boluarte
  • President Jerí rejects his presidential resignation.
  • Congress rejects motion of dissolution
  • 30-day state of emergency declared since 10 October
  • 2026 Peruvian general election campaign begins
 C Protests and governmental changes [87][88]
 Timor-Leste 2025 Timor-Leste protests
15–17 September 2025
  • Proposed US$4 million budget to buy 65 new cars for members of parliament
 Successful
  • Purchase of cars cancelled
  • Pensions ended for former MPs
  • Timor-Leste joined as an ASEAN member
 C Protests and governmental changes [89]
 Maldives 2025 Maldivian protests
20 September – 18 November 2025
  • Media control law
  • Corruption
 Failed
  • Media law ratified
  • Protesters granted amnesty
 E Major protests [90][91][92][93]
 Madagascar 2025 Malagasy protests
25 September – 14 October 2025
  • Standards of living
  • Corruption
 Successful
  • Dissolution of Ntsay government
  • 2025 Malagasy coup d'état
  • President Andry Rajoelina exiled and impeached
  • Formation of the CPRF led by Michael Randrianirina
 E Government overthrown [40]
 Morocco 2025 Moroccan Gen Z protests
27 September – 18 October 2025
  • Demands for increased government spending on healthcare and education
  • Corruption
 Ended
  • Government raises healthcare and education spending to $15 billion in the 2026 budget, up 16% from the prior year.
  • Financial incentives for young political candidates are provided.
  • Construction and renovation of hospitals are provided.
  • Government crackdowns resulted in at least three protester deaths and over 2,400 detentions including minors.
 C Protests and governmental changes [40][94][95][96]
 Paraguay 2025 Paraguayan protests
28 September – 3 October 2025
  • Corruption
  • Nepotism
  • Unpopularity of president Santiago Peña
  • Relocation of government agency for indigenous peoples in Paraguay
 Successful
  • The government agency is moved back
  • The agency's head is replaced
  • Other demands not met, however protests have ended
 C Protests and governmental changes [97]
 Mexico 2025 Mexican protests
15 November – 14 December 2025
  • Assassination of Uruapan Mayor Carlos Manzo
  • Failure of federal government to address cartel violence
  • Government corruption
 Failed
  • Attendance declined in December 2025
 E Major protests [98][99][100][101][102]
 Bulgaria 2025 Bulgarian budget protests
26 November – 12 December 2025
  • Corruption
  • 2026 budget
 Successful
  • Government withdraws budget proposal
  • Resignation of the Zhelyazkov Government
  • Bulgaria joins the Eurozone
 C Protests and governmental changes [103][104][105]

Ongoing

Country Duration Cause(s) Results Ref.
2024
 Serbia Serbian anti-corruption protests
1 November 2024 – present 		Ongoing
  • Resignation of serveral politicians
  • Some of the documents related to the reconstruction of the Novi Sad railway station published[106][107]
  • An increase in the budget for higher education by 20 percent (partially fulfilled - government increased only material costs portion of budget)[108][109]
 [110]
 Georgia 2024–2026 Georgian protests
28 October 2024 – present
  • Electoral fraud
  • Disputed election results
  • Reluctance of government to join the European Union
  • Democratic backsliding in Georgia
 Ongoing
  • Increase in authoritarianism marked by surveillance expansion and restrictive laws on NGOs and media[111][112]
  • Use of excessive force and instances of torture to disperse protests, causing riots and hundreds of injuries with no accountability[113]
  • Approximately 50+ political prisoners, activists, and protest participants detained on politically motivated charges, according to civil society[114]
  • Opposition figures and leaders arrested and jailed in a wave of mass detentions[115]
  • Failed attempt to overthrow the government in October 2025; organizers and numerous participants arrested.
 [116][117]
2025
 Thailand
(Phase 2) 		2025 Thai anti-government protests
May 2025 – present
  • Human rights abuses
  • Dual-border crisis in Cambodia and Myanmar
  • Discontent of the Shinawatra family and disaster funding
  • Unpopularity of Paetongtarn Shinawatra and her predecessor Srettha Thavisin
  • Senate election corruption scandal
  • Authoritarian legacy of Thaksin Shinawatra
 Ongoing
  • Proposed government policies were cancelled
  • Announcement of the snap election and a constitutional referendum on February 2026
  • A controversial peace agreement was signed in Kuala Lumpur resulted in a ceasefire
  • People's Party membership protest marches began
 [118][119][120][121]
 Philippines 2025–2026 Philippine anti-corruption protests
4 September 2025 – present
  • Corruption
  • Flood control projects controversy
 Ongoing
  • Investigations into "ghost" projects underway.
 [40][122][123]
 Colombia Petrotazo
August 2025 – present
  • Response to the Colombian conflict
  • Assassination of Miguel Uribe Turbay
  • August 2025 FARC dissidents clashes
  • Unpopularity of President Gustavo Petro
  • Police brutality and terrorist threats
 Ongoing
  • Declaration of a 90-day martial law and a state of emergency
  • 2026 Colombian presidential election campaign begins
  • Paloma Valencia replaces Miguel Uribe Turbay as a Democratic Centre candidate
 [124][125][126][127]
 Italy 2025 Italian general strikes and protests for Gaza
19 September 2025 – present
  • Gaza war (genocide, famine, Israeli blockade)
 Ongoing [128][129][130]
 Switzerland
(Only Template:Country data Ticino)
 San Marino [131]
 Cameroon 2025 Cameroonian protests
12 October 2025 – present
  • Allegations of electoral fraud in the 2025 Cameroonian presidential election
  • Authoritarianism
  • Corruption
  • Unpopularity of president Paul Biya
 Ongoing [132][133]
 Iran
(Phase 2) 		2025–2026 Iranian protests
28 December 2025 – present
  • Discontent with the ruling Islamic Republic
  • Economic impact of the Iran-Israel war
  • Iranian rial exchange rate hits record low
  • Hyperinflation
  • Water crisis
  • Corruption
  • International sanctions
  • State terrorism
  • Lack of women's rights
  • Internet blackout
 Ongoing
  • Mohammad Reza Farzin resigns as head of the Central Bank and is replaced by Abdolnaser Hemmati.
  • Political Adviser to the President Mehdi Sanaei Resigns.
  • President Masoud Pezeshkian and government spokeswoman Fatemeh Mohajerani promise to negotiate with the protesters by giving them money every week.
  • Pezeshkian later questions the government's mismanagement without accusing any country.
  • U.S. President Donald Trump threatens to intervene on behalf of the protesters.
  • Supreme Leader Ali Khamenei released a statement on January 3 saying that he will talk with protestors, but he also said that rioters must be put in their place.
  • Protests suppressed by force
  • Protests mostly quelled by 16 January 2026[134]
 [135][136]
2026
 Uganda 2026 Ugandan protests
16 January 2026 – present
  • Discontent with the 40-year long dictatorship of Yoweri Museveni
  • Allegations of electoral fraud in the 2026 Ugandan general election
  • Authoritarianism
  • Corruption
  • Internet blackout
 Ongoing
  • Attempted arrest of opposition leader Bobi Wine by the security forces
 [137][138][139]

See also

Notes

References

  1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 "How Bangladesh's students carried out world's first Gen Z revolution". 7 August 2024. https://www.the-independent.com/asia/south-asia/bangladesh-protesters-gen-z-sheikh-hasina-overthrown-b2591824.html. 
  2. ↑ 2.0 2.1 Regan, Helen (6 August 2024). "Bangladesh's 'Gen Z revolution' toppled a veteran leader. Why did they hit the streets and what happens now?". https://www.cnn.com/2024/08/06/asia/bangladesh-protests-hasina-resignation-explainer-intl-hnk. 
  3. ↑ 3.0 3.1 Paul, Ruma; Das, Krishna N.; Das, Krishna N. (6 August 2024). "Who is Nahid Islam, student leader of campaign to oust PM Sheikh Hasina?". Reuters. https://www.reuters.com/world/asia-pacific/soft-spoken-sociology-student-led-campaign-oust-bangladeshs-hasina-2024-08-06/. 
  4. ↑ 4.0 4.1 Chowdhury, Shamim. "An ode to Bangladesh's students and the first Gen-Z revolution". The New Arab. https://www.newarab.com/opinion/ode-bangladeshs-students-and-first-gen-z-revolution. 
  5. ↑ Singh, Anand (11 September 2025). "Is this the Asian Spring? Are there parallels with the Arab Spring?". https://www.indiatoday.in/world/story/is-this-asian-spring-arab-awakening-nepal-gen-z-protests-bangladesh-agitation-explained-2785513-2025-09-11. 
  6. ↑ 6.0 6.1 6.2 "Opinion | From Arab Spring to Asian uprisings". https://kathmandupost.com/columns/2025/09/18/from-arab-spring-to-asian-uprisings. 
  7. ↑ Sufian, Abu (15 August 2024). "Arab Spring Effect In South Asia: After Sri Lanka And Bangladesh, Where Next? – OpEd". https://www.eurasiareview.com/15082024-arab-spring-effect-in-south-asia-after-sri-lanka-and-bangladesh-where-next-oped/. 
  8. ↑ 8.0 8.1 "Opinion | A Leaderless and Connected Gen Z Is Taking Over in Asia". 19 September 2025. https://www.nytimes.com/2025/09/19/opinion/asia-protest-youth-nepal-bangladesh.html. 
  9. ↑ 9.0 9.1 9.2 9.3 Sharma, Yashraj. "Nepal, Bangladesh, Sri Lanka: Is South Asia fertile for Gen Z revolutions?". https://www.aljazeera.com/features/2025/9/16/sri-lanka-bangladesh-nepal-is-south-asia-fertile-for-gen-z-revolutions. 
  10. ↑ 10.0 10.1 "Ok, Boomer!". Ipsos. 8 December 2019. https://www.ipsos.com/en-us/knowledge/overview/ok-boomer. 
  11. ↑ "'OK boomer' is dividing generations. What does it mean?". NBC News. 7 November 2019. https://www.nbcnews.com/better/lifestyle/ok-boomer-diving-generation-what-does-it-mean-ncna1077261. 
  12. ↑ 12.0 12.1 Carnegie, Megan (8 August 2022). "Gen Z: How young people are changing activism". https://www.bbc.com/worklife/article/20220803-gen-z-how-young-people-are-changing-activism. 
  13. ↑ Kimathi, Sharon Kits; Kimathi, Sharon Kits (2 October 2025). "Sustainable Switch: Gen Z protests spread across the globe". Reuters. https://www.reuters.com/sustainability/sustainable-switch-gen-z-protests-spread-across-globe-2025-10-02/. 
  14. ↑ "How Gen Z-led protests are rattling governments across Asia". 15 September 2025. https://www.nbcnews.com/world/asia/protests-asia-gen-z-nepal-indonesia-rcna231096. 
  15. ↑ "Gen Z and student protests". https://www.dw.com/en/gen-z-and-student-protests/t-74195329. 
  16. ↑ Stechyson, Natalie (3 October 2025). "Gen-Z protests are spreading globally. What's driving this youth-led movement?". CBC News. https://www.cbc.ca/news/world/gen-z-protests-1.7649127. 
  17. ↑ 17.0 17.1 Fox, Kara (4 October 2025). "From Morocco to Madagascar, Gen Z is taking digital dissent offline". https://www.cnn.com/2025/10/04/world/gen-z-protest-movement-explainer-intl. 
  18. ↑ Evans, Rob; Lewis, Paul (2010-01-12). "Police admit stop and searches on 11-year-olds at Kingsnorth protest" (in en-GB). The Guardian. ISSN 0261-3077. https://www.theguardian.com/uk/2010/jan/12/kingsnorth-stop-search-boys-illegal. 
  19. ↑ "Make Way for Generation Z: Marketing to Today’s Tweens and Teens". Euromonitor International: 26. February 2011. https://oaltabo2012.wordpress.com/wp-content/uploads/2012/03/make-way-for-generation-z1.pdf. 
  20. ↑ Bowcott, Owen (2011-07-05). "Met police kettled pupils aged 11 during fee protests, court told" (in en-GB). The Guardian. ISSN 0261-3077. https://www.theguardian.com/uk/2011/jul/05/met-police-kettling-children-high-court. 
  21. ↑ "London riots: Boy, 11, sentenced over Romford bin theft" (in en-GB). BBC News. 2011-08-31. https://www.bbc.com/news/uk-england-london-14732986. 
  22. ↑ "Britain's riot suspects include 11-year-old girl - UPI.com" (in en). https://www.upi.com/Top_News/World-News/2011/08/11/Britains-riot-suspects-include-11-year-old-girl/20471313092433/. 
  23. ↑ Malik, Shiv; Black, Ian; Hassan, Nidaa (31 May 2011). "Teenage victim becomes a symbol for Syria's revolution". https://www.theguardian.com/world/2011/may/31/syria-unrest-teenage-victim-hamza. 
  24. ↑ "Berkin Elvan için kıyameti koparanlar şehit Eren'e kör" (in tr). https://www.yeniakit.com.tr/haber/berkin-elvan-icin-kiyameti-koparanlar-sehit-erene-kor-367570.html. 
  25. ↑ "23 Nisan töreninde Berkin Elvan protestosu". Sözcü. 23 April 2014. http://sozcu.com.tr/2014/gundem/23-nisan-toreninden-berkin-elvan-protestosu-493466/. 
  26. ↑ "23 Nisan töreninde Berkin Elvan protestosu: 3 çocuk gözaltında". Radikal. 23 April 2014. http://www.radikal.com.tr/politika/23_nisan_toreninden_berkin_elvan_protestosu_3_cocuk_gozaltinda-1188192. 
  27. ↑ "Arşivlenmiş kopya". http://webtv.radikal.com.tr/turkiye/7397/23-nisan-toreninde-berkin-elvan-protestosu-3-cocuk-gozaltinda.aspx. 
  28. ↑ "23 Nisan töreninde Berkin Elvan protestosu: 4 çocuk gözaltında". CNNTürk. 23 April 2014. http://www.cnnturk.com/haber/turkiye/23-nisan-toreninde-berkin-elvan-protestosu-3-cocuk-gozaltinda. 
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  42. ↑ Ikoku, Obiora (7 September 2025). "A Year Later, Africa's Gen Z Uprising Is Only More Emboldened". https://znetwork.org/znetarticle/a-year-later-africas-gen-z-uprising-is-only-more-emboldened/. 
  43. ↑ Sauvage, Grégoire (2 October 2025). "Generation Z is stirring up rebellion across borders, from Morocco to Madagascar". https://www.france24.com/en/africa/20251002-generation-z-is-stirring-up-rebellion-across-borders-from-morocco-to-madagascar. 
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  137. ↑ "Bobi Wine Evokes GenZ Protests With Warning Over Uganda Vote". https://web.archive.org/web/20260114174834/https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2026-01-14/bobi-wine-evokes-gen-z-protests-with-warning-over-ugandan-vote. 
  138. ↑ Nzilani, Vincent Mumo; Winning, Alexander. "Ugandan opposition leader 'forcibly taken,' party says, as President Museveni nears reelection". https://www.reuters.com/world/africa/ugandas-president-museveni-takes-strong-lead-early-election-results-2026-01-16/. 
  139. ↑ Nkonge, Anita; Fleming, Lucy. "Uganda opposition leader says he has escaped as police deny abducting him by helicopter". https://www.bbc.com/news/articles/c20z3nx4xwqo. 



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