Social:Shatt language
| Shatt | |
|---|---|
| ìkkɨ̀ cánnìñ | |
| Native to | Sudan |
| Region | South Kordofan |
| Ethnicity | Shatt |
Native speakers | 30,000 (2014)[1] |
| Latin | |
| Language codes | |
| ISO 639-3 | shj |
| Glottolog | shat1244[2] |
| Linguasphere | 05-PEA-aa |
 Shatt is classified as Severely Endangered by the UNESCO Atlas of the World's Languages in Danger | |
The Shatt language is a Daju language of the Eastern Daju family spoken by the Shatt people in the Shatt Hills (part of the Nuba Mountains) southwest of Kaduqli in South Kurdufan province in southern Sudan.
Villages are Shatt Daman, Shatt Safia, and Shatt Tebeldia (Ethnologue, 22nd edition).
Names
The designation "Shatt" is an Arabic word meaning "dispersed" and is applied to several distinct groups in the Nuba Mountains. "Caning" is their own name for themselves, linguistically referred to as endonym, whereas "Shatt" is considered an exonym due to its external ascription. Speakers refer to their language as ìkkɨ̀ cánnìñ ('mouth, language').[3]
Phonology
Alphabet
The alphabet consists of 27 letters[4], which are shown in the table below with the corresponding letter from the International Phonetic Alphabet chart.
| Letter | IPA |
|---|---|
| A a | [a] |
| Ä ä | [ə̝] |
| B b | [ɓ] |
| C C | [c] |
| D d | [d] |
| ꞌD ꞌd | [ɗ] |
| E e | [ɛ] |
| F f | [f] |
| G g | [g] |
| I i | [i] |
| J j | [ʄ] |
| K k | [k] |
| L l | [l] |
| M m | [m] |
| N n | [n] |
| Ng ng | [ŋ] |
| Ny ny | [ɲ] |
| O o | [ɔ] |
| P p | [p] |
| R r | [r] |
| S s | [s] |
| T t | [t] |
| U u | [u] |
| W w | [w] |
| X x | [x] |
| Y y | [y] |
| Z z | [z] |
Grammar
The grammar in this section is primarily based on the Caning Grammar Book (Second Edition 2017).[5]
Morphology
Numbers
Cardinal numbers
| N | Text in Caning | N | Text in Caning | N | Text in Caning | N | Text in Caning |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | nuxu | 11 | asiny wang nuxu | 21 | ud wang nuxu | 110 | udiny mädäg wang asiny |
| 2 | pädax | 12 | asiny wang pädax | 30 | ud wang asiny | 200 | udiny mädäginy pädax |
| 3 | kodos | 13 | asiny wang kodos | 31 | ud wang asiny wang nuxu | 300 | udiny mädäginy kodos |
| 4 | tesped | 14 | asiny wang tesped | 40 | udiny pädax | 400 | udiny mädäginy tesped |
| 5 | mädäg | 15 | asiny wang mädäg | 50 | udiny pädax wang asiny | 500 | udiny mädäginy mädäg |
| 6 | aran | 16 | asiny wang aran | 60 | udiny kodos | 600 | udiny mädäginy aran |
| 7 | paxtänding | 17 | asiny wang paxtänding | 70 | udiny kodos wang asiny | 700 | udiny mädäginy paxtänding |
| 8 | tespetespe | 18 | asiny wang tespetespe | 80 | udiny tesped | 800 | udiny mädäginy tesped |
| 9 | paye nuxu | 19 | asiny wang paye nuxu | 90 | udiny tesped wang asiny | 900 | udiny mädäginy paye nuxu |
| 10 | asiny | 20 | ud | 100 | udiny mädäg | 1000 | päsic nuxu |
Intermediate numbers, e.g. 785 are built similar to English, from front to end: udiny mädäginy paxtänding (700) wang (and) udiny tesped (80) wang (and) mädäg (5). [5]
Ordinal numbers
The following table shows how ordinal numbers are built.
| Caning | Translation | Caning | Translation |
|---|---|---|---|
| xongi näs nuxuzeneng | first day | xongondi näs paxtändingzeneng | seventh day |
| xongondi näs pätaxeneng | second day | xongondi näs tespetespedeneng | eighth day |
| xongondi näs kodoseneng | third day | xongondi näs paye nuxuzeneng | nineth day |
| xongondi näs tespedeneng | fourth day | xongondi näs asinygeneng | tenth day |
| xongondi näs mädägkeneng | fifth day | xongondi näs asiny wang nuxuzeneng | eleventh day |
| xongondi näs arandeneng | sixth day | xongondi näs asiny wang pätaxeneng | twelfth day |
Numbers usually come after the noun with a modifier suffix, in this case -eneng.
| Caning | English |
|---|---|
| Edekeny sawuno sasog täsa mänang tä
sängga kodos, na xongondi näs kodoseneng cäläpede ta atänäce ka, |
For the next three days, they came and
did the same, and on the third day she said to her grandchild, |
References
- ↑ Shatt at Ethnologue (18th ed., 2015)
- ↑ Hammarström, Harald; Forkel, Robert; Haspelmath, Martin, eds (2017). "Shatt". Glottolog 3.0. Jena, Germany: Max Planck Institute for the Science of Human History. http://glottolog.org/resource/languoid/id/shat1244.
- ↑ Boyeldieu, Pascal. 2011. The modified form of Shatt Damam nouns and its Daju cognates. Afrika und Übersee 91. 9-84.
- ↑ Alfira, David Abbi; Kafi, Timothy Kuku; Kaki, Hassan Kuwa; Hasan, Ali Alaliim; Anjo, Anjo Kuku; Jas, Dayan Kuku; Sarukh, Sadik Kafi (2017). "Caning Consonant and Vowel Book". Sudan Workshop Programme, Development and Literacy Partners International. https://www.webonary.org/caning/files/CaningConsonantVoweliBookNov17.pdf.
- ↑ 5.0 5.1 5.2 5.3 5.4 Alfira, David Abbi; Kafi, Timothy Kuku; Kaki, Hassan Kuwa; Hasan, Ali Alaliim; Anjo, Anjo Kuku; Jas, Dayan Kuku; Sarukh, Sadik Kafi (2017). "Caning Grammar Book". Sudan Workshop Program, Development and Literacy Partners International. https://www.webonary.org/caning/files/CaningGrammarBookNov17.pdf.
External links
- Ethnologue Language map for Nuba Hills region of Sudan
- Huffman, Steve. "Language Map of Sudan". http://www.worldgeodatasets.com/index.php/download_file/view/1547/.
- Caning (Shatt) basic lexicon at the Global Lexicostatistical Database
- Caning to English online dictionary from webonary
- English to Caning online dictionary with over 1,300 entries from webonary
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