Social:Uru language

From HandWiki
Short description: Uru–Chipaya language spoken in Bolivia
Not to be confused with Central Kilimanjaro language or Puquina language.
Uru
Iru Itu
Uchumataqu
Native toBolivia
RegionLake Titicaca, near the Desaguadero River
Ethnicity230 Uru people (2007)[1]
Extinctc. 2011[1]
Dialects
  • Uru of Ch'imu
  • Uru of Sun Island
Language codes
ISO 639-3ure
Glottologuruu1244[2]
Map of Uru-Chipaya languages
Uru is classified as Extinct be the UNESCO Atlas of the World's Languages in Danger.[3]
This article contains IPA phonetic symbols. Without proper rendering support, you may see question marks, boxes, or other symbols instead of Unicode characters. For an introductory guide on IPA symbols, see Help:IPA.


Uru is also called Ochosuma (Uchuzuma), a historical name for the Uru ethnic group.[4]

In 2010, there was 1 single native speaker left of this language. By 2012 the language had no speakers left. However, the Uru community has been interested in revitalizing their language and maintaining their culture.[5]

Identificaiton

Since one of the Urus' names for their language was "Pukina", Uchumataqu has previously been mistakenly identified with Puquina.[6] While the personal and possessive pronouns of the unrelated Puquina bear limited similarities to those of Arawakan languages,[7] Uru differs drastically from Arawakan languages in its person-marking system and its morphology.[6] The pronoun system of Uchumataqu is naturally very similar instead to its close relative Chipaya.[8] Uchumataqu has also borrowed grammatical and lexical morphemes from prolonged exposure to Aymara,[6] with which it is not related, however. Unlike Aymara, Uru is not polysynthetic and has a phonemic five-vowel system /a e i o u/, while Aymara has a three-vowel system /a i u/.[6] One contrast between Uru and the related Chipaya is that Uru does not identify gender morphologically as Chipaya does.[8]

Dialects

There are mentions of two Uru dialects: Uru of Ch'imu and Sun Island, though it is unclear whether the former was a dialect or its own language. Uru of Ch'imu was spoken in the town of Ch'imu and was first recorded in 1929, and, while not published, there are detailed notes of the language in existence. The second variety was spoken on Isla del Sol in Lake Titicaca and was first described in the 1960s though there it is far less documented.[9]

Phonology

Consonants

Labial Alveolar Palatal Velar Uvular Glottal
plain lab. plain lab.
Plosive voiceless p t tʷ k kʷ q
aspirated pʰ tʰ kʰ qʰ
ejective pʼ tʼ kʼ qʼ
Affricate voiceless t͡s t͡ʃ t͡k
ejective t͡sʼ t͡ʃʼ
Fricative s x h
Nasal m n ɲ
Trill r
Approximant lateral l ʎ
central j w

Vowels

Front Back
short long short long
Close i iː u uː
Mid e eː o oː
Open a aː

[5][10]

Orthography

Uru did not have a standardized orthography but when written it used the English alphabet or the IPA.[9][11]

Sample texts

[9]Script error: No such module "Interlinear". Script error: No such module "Interlinear".Script error: No such module "Interlinear".

References

  1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 Uru at Ethnologue (19th ed., 2016)
  2. ↑ Hammarström, Harald; Forkel, Robert; Haspelmath, Martin, eds (2017). "Uru". Glottolog 3.0. Jena, Germany: Max Planck Institute for the Science of Human History. http://glottolog.org/resource/languoid/id/uruu1244. 
  3. ↑ Atlas of the World's Languages in Danger (Report) (3rd ed.). UNESCO. 2010. p. 19. https://unesdoc.unesco.org/ark:/48223/pf0000187026. 
  4. ↑ Campbell, Lyle (2012). "Classification of the indigenous languages of South America". in Grondona, Verónica; Campbell, Lyle. The Indigenous Languages of South America. The World of Linguistics. 2. Berlin: De Gruyter Mouton. pp. 59–166. ISBN 978-3-11-025513-3. 
  5. ↑ 5.0 5.1 Hannß, Katja (2008). Uchumataqu: The lost language of the Urus of Bolivia: A grammatical description of the language as documented between 1894 and 1952. Leiden: Research School of Asian, African and Amerindian Studies (CNWS), Universiteit Leiden. https://core.ac.uk/reader/16152760. 
  6. ↑ 6.0 6.1 6.2 6.3 Danielsen, Swintha (2010). "Review of "Uchumataqu: The Lost Language of the Urus of Bolivia. A Description of the Language as Documented between 1894 and 1952. Indigenous Languages of Latin America"". Anthropological Linguistics 52: 107–111. 
  7. ↑ Adelaar, Willem F. H. (2004). The Language of the Andes. Cambridge, GB: Cambridge Language Surveys. pp. 353. ISBN 978-0-511-21050-1. 
  8. ↑ 8.0 8.1 Pena, Jaime (2009). "Uchumataqu: The Lost Language of the Urus of Bolivia. A Grammatical Description of the Language as Documented between 1894 and 1952.". Studies in Language 33: 1012–1018. doi:10.1075/sl.33.4.10pen. 
  9. ↑ 9.0 9.1 9.2 Adelaar, Willem F. H. (2004) (in en). The languages of the Andes. Internet Archive. Cambridge; New York : Cambridge University Press. pp. 362–372. ISBN 978-0-521-36275-7. https://archive.org/details/languagesofandes0000adel/mode/2up?q=uru. 
  10. ↑ Hannss, Katja (2009). Uchumataqu (Uro). In Mily Crevels and Pieter Muysken (eds.), Lenguas de Bolivia, Tomo I: Ambito Andino: La Paz: Plural Editores. pp. 79–115. 
  11. ↑ "Autopsy of Uru" (in en). https://prezi.com/p/plhektt4-whv/autopsy-of-uru/. 



Retrieved from "https://handwiki.org/wiki/index.php?title=Social:Uru_language&oldid=4165550"