Software:Close Combat III: The Russian Front

From HandWiki
Close Combat III: The Russian Front
Developer(s)Atomic Games
Publisher(s)Microsoft
SeriesClose Combat
Platform(s)Windows
Release
Genre(s)Computer wargame
Mode(s)Single-player Multi-player

Close Combat III: The Russian Front is a 1999 computer wargame developed by Atomic Games and published by Microsoft. It is the third game in the Close Combat series. It revolves around the Eastern Front during World War II, and takes players from the invasion of the Soviet Union to the final battle for Berlin in 1945. A remake, Close Combat: Cross of Iron, was released in 2007.

Gameplay

Battles follow the general pattern of the Close Combat series. Apart from a difficulty slider, there are realism settings which disable the fog of war, unit initiative, difficulty of access to enemy info, etc.

The Grand Campaign follows the Eastern Front from the German invasion of the Soviet Union (Operation Barbarossa), to Stalingrad and ultimately Berlin. Players can pick either side.

Development

Reception

Reception
Aggregate score
AggregatorScore
GameRankings78%[2]
Review scores
PublicationScore
AllGameStarStarStar[3]
CGSPStarStarStarHalf star[5]
CGWStarStarStarHalf star[6]
Game Informer8/10[7]
GameRevolutionC[8]
GameSpot9.2/10[9]
IGN9/10[10]
PC Gamer (UK)88%[12]
PC Gamer (US)92%[13]
Award
PublicationAward
PC Gamer USBest Wargame 1999[14]

The game received favorable reviews according to the review aggregation website GameRankings.[2]

It sold 45,438 copies during 1999.[15] Author James Dunnigan reported that it was the year's best-selling wargame.[16] According to Marc Dultz of CNET Gamecenter, the title was profitable and achieved total sales of "well over 100,000 units" by April 1999.[17]

The staff of PC Gamer US presented the game with their 1999 "Best Wargame" prize. They hailed it as the "strongest Close Combat title yet", and wrote that it "vividly recreate[s] the fluidity and chaos of real combat without compromising playability."[14] The game received a nomination by the Academy of Interactive Arts & Sciences for PC Strategy Game of the Year at the 2nd Annual Interactive Achievement Awards, and a nomination for IGN's pick for 1998's best strategy game; however, these prizes ultimately went to Sid Meier's Alpha Centauri and StarCraft, respectively.[18][19]

Reviews

Legacy

Following the release of Close Combat III, Microsoft opted to discontinue the Close Combat franchise in early 1999.[17][21] The game and its predecessors had been profitable, but CNET Gamecenter's Dultz reported "indications that the company is now only interested in publishing games that have the potential of selling 250,000 units or more."[17] Atomic reacted that April by splitting from Microsoft and migrating to Mindscape's Strategic Simulations (SSI) label,[21] with the goal of creating a fourth Close Combat based on the Battle of the Bulge.[17] Later that year, Zabalaoui said that Microsoft had been "a terrific publisher", and that Atomic had "parted company [with it] as friends who may some day work together again."[22]

Close Combat IV: Battle of the Bulge was released in November 1999, followed by Close Combat: Invasion Normandy in October 2000. After Atomic's sale to Destineer in 2005,[23][24] its new parent partnered with Matrix Games to create expanded remakes of the Close Combat games,[25] starting with Close Combat III. The result was Close Combat: Cross of Iron, released by Matrix and developer CSO Simtek in 2007.[26][27] Remakes of Battle of the Bulge, Invasion Normandy and A Bridge Too Far followed,[28][29][30] along with the new titles Panthers in the Fog (2012), Gateway to Caen (2014), and The Bloody First (2019).[31][32][33][34][35]

Sales of Atomic's original five Close Combat games, including Close Combat III, totaled 1.2 million units by the mid-2000s.[36][37][25] By 2018, the series contained 17 entries and had sold above 5 million units.[35]

References

  1. ↑ IGN staff (January 15, 1999). "News Briefs". Ziff Davis. https://www.ign.com/articles/1999/01/16/news-briefs-444. "Close Combat Shipping: Microsoft has begun shipping Close Combat III, the third installment in its groundbreaking real-time wargaming series..." 
  2. ↑ 2.0 2.1 "Close Combat III: The Russian Front for PC". CBS Interactive. https://www.gamerankings.com/pc/96044-close-combat-iii-the-russian-front/index.html. 
  3. ↑ Smith, Nick. "Close Combat III: The Russian Front - Review". All Media Network. http://www.allgame.com/game.php?id=14835&tab=review. 
  4. ↑ Chick, Tom (January 26, 1999). "Close Combat III: The Russian Front". CNET. http://www.gamecenter.com/Reviews/Item/0,6,0-2431,00.html. 
  5. ↑ Udell, Scott (January 24, 1999). "Close Combat III: The Russian Front". Strategy Plus, Inc.. http://www.cdmag.com/articles/017/002/ccombat3_review.html. 
  6. ↑ Miller, Patrick (May 1999). "The Best Yet? Nyet! (Close Combat III: The Russian Front Review)". Computer Gaming World (Ziff Davis) (178): 164–65. http://www.cgwmuseum.org/galleries/issues/cgw_178.pdf. Retrieved April 29, 2021. 
  7. ↑ Bergren, Paul (May 1999). "Close Combat III [The Russian Front]". Game Informer (FuncoLand) (73). 
  8. ↑ Johnny B. (February 1999). "Close Comabt [sic III: The Russian Front Review"]. CraveOnline. https://www.gamerevolution.com/review/33195-close-comabt-iii-the-russian-front-review. 
  9. ↑ Krol, Scott R. (January 21, 1999). "Close Combat III: The Russian Front Review [date mislabeled as "May 1, 2000""]. CBS Interactive. https://www.gamespot.com/reviews/close-combat-iii-the-russian-front-review/1900-2538351/. 
  10. ↑ Bates, Jason (January 18, 1999). "Close Combat 3 [sic"]. Ziff Davis. https://www.ign.com/articles/1999/01/19/close-combat-3. 
  11. ↑ Klett, Steve (April 1999). "Close Combat III: The Russian Front". PC Accelerator (Imagine Media) (8): 87. https://archive.org/details/PCXL08Apr1999/page/n85/mode/2up. Retrieved April 29, 2021. 
  12. ↑ Weston, Jason (March 1999). "Close Combat III: The Russian Front". PC Gamer UK (Future Publishing) (67). http://www.pcgamer.co.uk/games/gamefile_review_page.asp?item_id=226. 
  13. ↑ Trotter, WIlliam R. (April 1999). "Close Combat III [The Russian Front"]. PC Gamer (Imagine Media) 6 (4): 120–21. https://archive.org/details/PCGamer199904/page/n135/mode/2up. Retrieved April 29, 2021. 
  14. ↑ 14.0 14.1 PC Gamer staff (March 2000). "The Sixth Annual PC Gamer Awards (Best Wargame)". PC Gamer (Imagine Media) 7 (3): 60. https://archive.org/details/PCGamerMarch2000/page/n65/mode/2up. Retrieved April 29, 2021. 
  15. ↑ "PC Gamer Editors' Choice Winners: Does Quality Matter?". PC Gamer (Imagine Media) 7 (4): 33. April 2000. https://archive.org/details/PCGamer_April_2000/page/n35/mode/2up. Retrieved April 29, 2021. 
  16. ↑ Dunnigan, James F. (January 3, 2000). Wargames Handbook, Third Edition: How to Play and Design Commercial and Professional Wargames. Writers Club Press. pp. 14–17. 
  17. ↑ 17.0 17.1 17.2 17.3 Dultz, Mark (April 28, 1999). "Mindscape Picks Up Close Combat". CNET. http://www.gamecenter.com/News/Item/0,3,0-2716,00.html. 
  18. ↑ "Second Interactive Achievement Awards: Personal Computer". http://www.interactive.org/iaa/finalists_pc.html. 
  19. ↑ IGN staff (January 29, 1999). "IGNPC's Best of 1998 Awards". Ziff Davis. https://www.ign.com/articles/1999/01/29/ignpcs-best-of-1998-awards. 
  20. ↑ "Backstab Magazine (French) Issue 15". https://archive.org/details/backstab-magazine-french-15/page/n53/mode/2up. 
  21. ↑ 21.0 21.1 Dunkin, Alan (April 28, 1999). "Mindscape Nabs Close Combat [date mislabeled as "April 27, 2000""]. CBS Interactive. https://www.gamespot.com/articles/mindscape-nabs-close-combat/1100-2451763/. 
  22. ↑ Zabalaoui, Keith (January 1999). "A Note From the President". http://atomic.com/new/page/note2.htm. 
  23. ↑ Adams, David (May 6, 2005). "Destineer Buys Atomic Games". Ziff Davis. https://www.ign.com/articles/2005/05/07/destineer-buys-atomic-games. 
  24. ↑ GameSpot staff (May 5, 2005). "Destineer Acquires Atomic Games [date mislabeled as "May 6, 2005""]. CBS Interactive. https://www.gamespot.com/articles/destineer-acquires-atomic-games/1100-6123622/. 
  25. ↑ 25.0 25.1 Armchair General staff (October 23, 2006). "PR: Matrix Games Licenses Award-winning Close Combat Series from Destineer". Staten Island, NY: Weider History Group. http://armchairgeneral.com/pr-matrix-games-licenses-award-winning-close-combat-series-from-destineer.htm. 
  26. ↑ Park, Andrew Seyoon (October 20, 2006). "Q&A: Close Combat to get new lease on life". CBS Interactive. https://www.gamespot.com/articles/qanda-close-combat-to-get-new-lease-on-life/1100-6160284/. 
  27. ↑ Matrix Support (February 13, 2007). "Close Combat: Cross of Iron Now Available!". Matrix Games. http://www.slitherine.com/news/385/Close.Combat.Cross.of.Iron.Now.Available!. 
  28. ↑ Drummy, Sean (October 28, 2008). "Close Combat - Wacht am Rhein Now Available!". Matrix Games. http://www.slitherine.com/news/536/Close.Combat.-.Wacht.am.Rhein.Now.Available!. 
  29. ↑ Drummy, Sean (April 29, 2009). "Close Combat – The Longest Day Now Available!". Matrix Games. http://www.slitherine.com/news/576/Close.Combat.–.The.Longest.Day.Now.Available!. 
  30. ↑ Drummy, Sean (July 7, 2010). "Close Combat – Last Stand Arnhem Now Available!". Matrix Games. http://www.slitherine.com/news/689/Close.Combat.–.Last.Stand.Arnhem.Now.Available!./. 
  31. ↑ Parrino, Scott (November 19, 2012). "Close Combat: Panthers in the Fog Emerges onto the Battlefield!". Matrix Games. http://www.matrixgames.com/news/981/Close.Combat.Panthers.in.the.Fog.Emerges.onto.the.Battlefield!. 
  32. ↑ Baker, Patrick (June 30, 2014). "Close Combat: Gateway to Caen – PC Game Review". Weider History Group. http://www.armchairgeneral.com/close-combat-gateway-to-caen-pc-game-review.htm. 
  33. ↑ Schouten, Bart (June 5, 2014). "Close Combat: Gateway to Caen is now available!". Matrix Games. http://www.matrixgames.com/news/1442/Close.Combat.Gateway.to.Caen.is.now.available!. 
  34. ↑ Hall, Charlie (February 20, 2018). "Close Combat was nearly done when the developer changed game engines". Vox Media. https://www.polygon.com/2018/2/20/17033518/close-combat-the-bloody-first-delay-2014-release-date. 
  35. ↑ 35.0 35.1 Robinson, Joe (February 6, 2018). "Matrix & GOG Are Bringing Back Close Combat". Network N. Ltd.. https://www.wargamer.com/articles/matrix-and-gog-are-bringing-back-close-combat/. 
  36. ↑ Rogers, Rick (June 3, 2005). "Video game brings the fight to the Marines". The San Diego Tribune (Nant Capital LLC). http://legacy.sandiegouniontribune.com/news/military/20050603-9999-1n3video.html. 
  37. ↑ Tamte, Peter (July 19, 2004). "Close Combat: First To Fight - Vol. #1". IGN Entertainment. http://xbox.gamespy.com/xbox/close-combat-first-to-fight/531634p1.html. 
  • MobyGames is a commercial database website that catalogs information on video games and the people and companies behind them via crowdsourcing. This includes over 300,000 games for hundreds of platforms.[1] Founded in 1999, ownership of the site has changed hands several times. It has been owned by Atari SA since 2022.

Features

Edits and submissions to the site (including screenshots, box art, developer information, game summaries, and more) go through a verification process of fact-checking by volunteer "approvers".[2] This lengthy approval process after submission can range from minutes to days or months.[3] The most commonly used sources are the video game's website, packaging, and credit screens. There is a published standard for game information and copy-editing.[4] A ranking system allows users to earn points for contributing accurate information.[5]

Registered users can rate and review games. Users can create private or public "have" and "want" lists, which can generate a list of games available for trade with other registered users. The site contains an integrated forum. Each listed game can have its own sub-forum.

History

Logo used until March 2014

MobyGames was founded on March 1, 1999, by Jim Leonard and Brian Hirt, and joined by David Berk 18 months later, the three of which had been friends since high school.[6][7] Leonard had the idea of sharing information about computer games with a larger audience. The database began with information about games for IBM PC compatibles, relying on the founders' personal collections. Eventually, the site was opened up to allow general users to contribute information.[5] In a 2003 interview, Berk emphasized MobyGames' dedication to taking video games more seriously than broader society and to preserving games for their important cultural influence.[5]

In mid-2010, MobyGames was purchased by GameFly for an undisclosed amount.[8] This was announced to the community post factum , and the site's interface was given an unpopular redesign.[7] A few major contributors left, refusing to do volunteer work for a commercial website.{{Citation needed|date=June 2025} On December 18, 2013, MobyGames was acquired by Jeremiah Freyholtz, owner of Blue Flame Labs (a San Francisco-based game and web development company) and VGBoxArt (a site for fan-made video game box art).[9] Blue Flame Labs reverted MobyGames' interface to its pre-overhaul look and feel,[10] and for the next eight years, the site was run by Freyholtz and Independent Games Festival organizer Simon Carless.[7]

On November 24, 2021, Atari SA announced a potential deal with Blue Flame Labs to purchase MobyGames for $1.5 million.[11] The purchase was completed on 8 March 2022, with Freyholtz remaining as general manager.[12][13][14] Over the next year, the financial boost given by Atari led to a rework of the site being built from scratch with a new backend codebase, as well as updates improving the mobile and desktop user interface.[1] This was accomplished by investing in full-time development of the site instead of its previously part-time development.[15]

In 2024, MobyGames began offering a paid "Pro" membership option for the site to generate additional revenue.[16] Previously, the site had generated income exclusively through banner ads and (from March 2014 onward) a small number of patrons via the Patreon website.[17]

See also

  • IGDB – game database used by Twitch for its search and discovery functions

References

  1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 Sheehan, Gavin (2023-02-22). "Atari Relaunches The Fully Rebuilt & Optimized MobyGames Website". https://bleedingcool.com/games/atari-relaunches-the-fully-rebuilt-optimized-mobygames-website/. 
  2. ↑ Litchfield, Ted (2021-11-26). "Zombie company Atari to devour MobyGames". https://www.pcgamer.com/zombie-company-atari-to-devour-mobygames/. 
  3. ↑ "MobyGames FAQ: Emails Answered § When will my submission be approved?". Blue Flame Labs. 30 March 2014. http://www.mobygames.com/info/faq7#g1. 
  4. ↑ "The MobyGames Standards and Practices". Blue Flame Labs. 6 January 2016. http://www.mobygames.com/info/standards. 
  5. ↑ 5.0 5.1 5.2 Miller, Stanley A. (2003-04-22). "People's choice awards honor favorite Web sites". Milwaukee Journal Sentinel. 
  6. ↑ "20 Years of MobyGames" (in en). 2019-02-28. https://trixter.oldskool.org/2019/02/28/20-years-of-mobygames/. 
  7. ↑ 7.0 7.1 7.2 Plunkett, Luke (2022-03-10). "Atari Buys MobyGames For $1.5 Million". https://kotaku.com/mobygames-retro-credits-database-imdb-atari-freyholtz-b-1848638521. 
  8. ↑ "Report: MobyGames Acquired By GameFly Media". Gamasutra. 2011-02-07. https://www.gamedeveloper.com/game-platforms/report-mobygames-acquired-by-gamefly-media. 
  9. ↑ Corriea, Alexa Ray (December 31, 2013). "MobyGames purchased from GameFly, improvements planned". http://www.polygon.com/2013/12/31/5261414/mobygames-purchased-from-gamefly-improvements-planned. 
  10. ↑ Wawro, Alex (31 December 2013). "Game dev database MobyGames getting some TLC under new owner". Gamasutra. https://www.gamedeveloper.com/business/game-dev-database-mobygames-getting-some-tlc-under-new-owner. 
  11. ↑ "Atari invests in Anstream, may buy MobyGames". November 24, 2021. https://www.gamesindustry.biz/articles/2021-11-24-atari-invests-in-anstream-may-buy-mobygames. 
  12. ↑ Rousseau, Jeffrey (2022-03-09). "Atari purchases Moby Games". https://www.gamesindustry.biz/atari-purchases-moby-games. 
  13. ↑ "Atari Completes MobyGames Acquisition, Details Plans for the Site's Continued Support". March 8, 2022. https://www.atari.com/atari-completes-mobygames-acquisition-details-plans-for-the-sites-continued-support/. 
  14. ↑ "Atari has acquired game database MobyGames for $1.5 million" (in en-GB). 2022-03-09. https://www.videogameschronicle.com/news/atari-has-acquired-game-database-mobygames-for-1-5-million/. 
  15. ↑ Stanton, Rich (2022-03-10). "Atari buys videogame database MobyGames for $1.5 million". https://www.pcgamer.com/atari-buys-videogame-database-mobygames-for-dollar15-million/. 
  16. ↑ Harris, John (2024-03-09). "MobyGames Offering “Pro” Membership". https://setsideb.com/mobygames-offering-pro-membership/. 
  17. ↑ "MobyGames on Patreon". http://www.patreon.com/mobygames. 
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