Software:Fortnite

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Short description: 2017 online video game
Fortnite
FortniteLogo.svg
Genre(s)Survival, battle royale, sandbox
Developer(s)Epic Games[lower-alpha 1]
Publisher(s)
Platform(s)
First releaseFortnite
July 25, 2017 (early access)
Latest releaseFortnite Festival
December 9, 2023

Fortnite is an online video game and game platform developed by Epic Games and released in 2017. It is available in six distinct game mode versions that otherwise share the same general gameplay and game engine: Fortnite Battle Royale, a free-to-play battle royale game in which up to 100 players fight to be the last person standing; Fortnite, a cooperative hybrid tower defense-shooter and survival game in which up to four players fight off zombie-like creatures and defend objects with traps and fortifications they can build; and Fortnite Creative, in which players are given complete freedom to create worlds and battle arenas, Lego Fortnite, Rocket Racing and Fortnite Festival.

Save the World and Battle Royale were released in 2017 as early access titles, while Creative was released on December 6, 2018. While the Save the World and Creative versions have been successful for Epic Games, Fortnite Battle Royale in particular became an overwhelming success and a cultural phenomenon, drawing more than 125 million players in less than a year, earning hundreds of millions of dollars per month. Fortnite as a whole generated $9 billion in gross revenue up until December 2019.

Save the World is available for macOS,[lower-alpha 3] PlayStation 4, Windows, and Xbox One, while Battle Royale and Creative were released for all those platforms, and also for Android and iOS devices[lower-alpha 3] and Nintendo Switch. The game also launched with the release of the ninth-generation PlayStation 5 and Xbox Series X/S consoles. Furthermore, Lego Fortnite, Rocket Racing and Fortnite Festival are releasing on all available platforms.

Game modes

Fortnite is distributed as six different game modes, using the same engine; each has similar graphics and art assets.

  • Fortnite is a player-versus-environment cooperative game, with four players collaborating towards a common objective on various missions. The game is set after a fluke storm appears across Earth, causing 98% of the population to disappear, and the survivors to be attacked by zombie-like "husks". The players take the role of commanders of home base shelters, collecting resources, saving survivors, and defending equipment that helps to either collect data on the storm or to push back the storm. From missions, players are awarded a number of in-game items, which include hero characters, weapon and trap schematics, and survivors, all of which can be leveled up through gained experience to improve their attributes.
  • Fortnite Battle Royale is a player-versus-player game for up to 100 players, allowing one to play alone, in a duo, or in a squad (usually consisting of three or four players). Weaponless players airdrop from a "Battle Bus" that crosses the game's map. When they land, they must scavenge for weapons, items, resources, and even vehicles while trying to stay alive and to attack and eliminate other players. Over the course of a round, the safe area of the map shrinks down in size due to an incoming toxic storm; players outside that threshold take damage and can be eliminated if they fail to quickly evacuate. This forces remaining players into tighter spaces and encourages player encounters. The last player, duo, or squad remaining is the winner. A "Zero Build" mode was available in Battle Royale, which removes crafting.
  • Fortnite Creative is a sandbox game mode, in which players are given complete freedom to spawn any item from the Battle Royale gamemode on a personal island, and can create games such as battle arenas, race courses, platforming challenges, and more. Furthermore, it also supports Unreal Editor for Fortnite (UEFN), which allows players to edit worlds using Fortnite assets.
  • Lego Fortnite is a survival sandbox game, where players play as Lego Minifig versions of characters, as they collect materials, build various buildings, craft various weapons and tools and fight against monsters.
  • Rocket Racing is a racing game, serving as a spin-off title to Rocket League, which also use cross-game support for cosmetics related to cars.
  • Fortnite Festival is a rhythm game developed by Harmonix, where players play popular rock songs, as they hit notes to the rhythm in the Main Stage on one of the four unique parts: Lead, Guitar/Bass, Drums and Vocals, in a manner similar to Harmonix's Rock Band games.[4] It also supports creating jams, using any part of any song in the Jam Stage, as well as Battle Royale and Creative.

Players can use their pickaxe to knock down existing structures on the map to collect basic resources that are wood, brick, and metal. Subsequently, in all modes, the player can use these materials to build fortifications, such as walls, floors, and stairs. Such fortification pieces can be edited to add things like windows or doors. The materials used have different durability properties and can be updated to stronger variants using more materials of the same type. Within Save the World this enables players to create defensive fortifications around an objective or trap-filled tunnels to lure husks through. In Battle Royale, this provides the means to quickly traverse the map, protect oneself from enemy fire, or to delay an advancing foe. Players are encouraged to be very inventive in designing their fortifications in Creative.

While the other modes are free-to-play, Save the World is pay-to-play.[5] The games are monetized through the use of V-Bucks, in-game currency that can be purchased with real-world funds, but also earned through completing missions and other achievements in Save the World.[6] In other modes, V-Bucks can be used to buy cosmetic items such as character models or the game's battle pass, a tiered progression of customization rewards for gaining experience and completing certain objectives during the course of a Battle Royale season.[7][8]

Development history

Fortnite: Save the World (2011–2017)

Fortnite began from an internal game jam at Epic Games following the publishing of Gears of War 3 around 2011. Though it was not initially one of the developed titles during the jam, the concept of merging the construction game genre, representing games like Minecraft and Terraria, and shooter games arose, leading to the foundation of Fortnite.[9][10] Development of Fortnite slowed due to several issues, including switching from the Unreal Engine 3 to Unreal Engine 4, a deeper role-playing game approach to extend the life of the game, and a switch of art style from a dark theme to a more cartoonish style. Further, Epic was looking to get into the games as a service model, and brought in Chinese publisher Tencent to help; Tencent took a large stake in Epic as part of this, leading to the departure of several executives, including Cliff Bleszinski, who had been a key part of Fortnite's development. Fortnite's approach was changed to be Epic's testbed for games as a service, and further slowed the development.[11][10][12]

Epic was able to prepare to release Fortnite as a paid early access title in July 2017, with plans to release it as free-to-play sometime in 2019 while gaining feedback from players to improve the game.[13][14][15][16] With the release of Fortnite Battle Royale, the player-versus-environment mode was distinguished as "Save the World". Ultimately, Epic opted to release Save the World as a premium title, bringing it out of early access on June 29, 2020.[17]

Fortnite Battle Royale (2017–2018)

Near the same time that Epic released Fortnite into early access, PlayerUnknown's Battlegrounds had become a worldwide phenomenon, having sold over 5 million copies three months from its March 2017 release, and drawing strong interest in the battle royale genre. Epic recognized that with the Fortnite base game, they could also do a battle royale mode, and rapidly developed their own version atop Fortnite in about two months.[18] By September 2017, Epic was ready to release this as a second mode from "Save the World" in the paid-for earlier access, but then later decided to release it as a free game, Fortnite Battle Royale, supported with microtransactions. This version quickly gained players, with over 10 million players during its first two weeks of release, and leading Epic to create separate teams to continue the Fortnite Battle Royale development apart from the Save the World version, outside of common engine elements and art assets.[19][20] This allowed Fortnite Battle Royale to expand to other platforms otherwise not supported by Save the World, including iOS and Android mobile devices and the Nintendo Switch.[21][22]

Fortnite Creative (2018–2023)

A creative sandbox mode launched on December 6, 2018, synchronized with the start of season 7 of Fortnite Battle Royale. Each player has access to a private, persistent island on which they construct buildings and add and manipulate objects as desired. Players are able to invite friends to this island and participate in unofficial games such as race tracks or jumping courses.[23] Only players who purchased the battle pass initially received their own island, but a week later, on December 13, players who did not purchase it received access to the game mode for free.[24] On March 16, 2023, Unreal Editor for Fortnite (UEFN) was released, which allowed players to use the Unreal Editor with Fortnite assets.

Fortnite Experiences (2023–present)

In October 2023, Epic redesigned the main Fortnite client to present Epic's own various modes as well as the numerous creative modes as part of Fortnite Experiences, comparable to Roblox in presentation.[25] This was followed by the introduction of three new Epic-developed modes for the game in December 2023: Lego Fortnite, a survival game developed in conjunction with The Lego Group, Rocket Racing, an arcade-style driving game developed by Psyonix, and Fortnite Festival, a rhythm game developed by Harmonix. Each mode was introduced as free-to-play, interfacing with the game's battle pass system, and offering new rewards associated with those modes.[26]

Reception

The Fortnite Pro-Am event at E3 2018

The Save the World mode achieved over one million players by August 2017, just prior to the release of Battle Royale.[27]

Fortnite Battle Royale became a significant financial success for Epic Games, leading them to separate the teams between Save the World and Battle Royale to provide better support for both modes. Within two weeks of release, over 10 million players had played the mode,[28] and by June 2018, just after the Nintendo Switch release, had reached 125 million players.[29] Revenue from Fortnite Battle Royale during the first half of 2018 had been estimated in the hundreds of millions of dollars per month,[30][31] with total 2018 revenue estimated at $2.4 billion by analysis firm SuperData Research.[32] Total revenue for Fortnite reached more than $9 billion by the end of 2019.[33]

Fortnite Battle Royale has also become a cultural phenomenon,[34] with several celebrities reporting they play the game, and athletes using Fortnite emotes as victory celebrations.[35] A notable streaming event in March 2018, with streamer Ninja playing Fortnite Battle Royale alongside Drake, Travis Scott, Kim DotCom, and Pittsburgh Steelers wide receiver JuJu Smith-Schuster, broke viewership records for Twitch to date, and led to Epic arranging a Fortnite Battle Royale pro–am with 50 pairs of streamers and professional players matched with celebrities at E3 2018 in June 2018.[36][37][38] Epic Games has developed organized esports competitions around Fortnite Battle Royale, such as the inaugural US$30 million Fortnite World Cup tournament that took place in July 2019[39][40] and the Fortnite Championship Series (FNCS), the latter of which would be organized by Epic Games in 2020 and 2021 before being organized by Blast ApS from 2022 onwards.

There has also been growing concern over Fortnite Battle Royale's draw toward young children, emphasized with the release of the mobile client. Parents and teachers had expressed concern that students are being distracted and drawn away from school work due to playing Fortnite.[41] Concerns have also been raised about the impact that playing a game involving repeated depictions of gun violence may have on young children.[42][43]

Awards

In 2017, the game was nominated for "Best Co-op Game" by PC Gamer,[44] and for "Best Spectator Game" by IGN.[45] In 2018, the game won the award for Best Ongoing Game by PC Gamer[46] and IGN,[47] the latter of which nominated it for "Best Nintendo Switch Game", "Best Mobile Game", and "Best Action Game".[48][49][50]

Year Award Category Result Ref(s).
2017 The Game Awards 2017 Best Multiplayer Nominated [51]
2018 16th Visual Effects Society Awards Outstanding Visual Effects in a Real-Time Project (A Hard Day's Night) Nominated [52][53]
21st Annual D.I.C.E. Awards Outstanding Achievement in Online Gameplay Nominated [54][55]
SXSW Gaming Awards 2018 Excellence in Multiplayer Nominated [56][57]
Excellence in Gameplay Nominated
14th British Academy Games Awards Evolving Game Nominated [58][59]
Multiplayer Nominated
2018 Webby Awards People's Voice Award for Best Multiplayer/Competitive Game Won [60]
Game Critics Awards 2018 Best Ongoing Game Won [61][62]
Develop Awards Best Animation Nominated [63][64]
Teen Choice Awards Choice Videogame Won [65][66]
BBC Radio 1's Teen Awards Best Game (Fortnite Battle Royale) Won [67]
Golden Joystick Awards 2018 Best Competitive Game Won [68][69][70]
Mobile Game of the Year Nominated
Ultimate Game of the Year (Fortnite Battle Royale) Won
The Game Awards 2018 Best Multiplayer Game Won [71][72]
Best Mobile Game Nominated
Best Ongoing Game Won
Best Esports Game Nominated
Gamers' Choice Awards Fan Favorite Game Won [73]
Fan Favorite Multiplayer Game Won
Fan Favorite eSports Game Won
Fan Favorite Battle Royale Game Won
Fan Favorite eSports League Format (Community Skirmishes) Won
2019 22nd Annual D.I.C.E. Awards Online Game of the Year Won [74][75]
15th British Academy Games Awards Evolving Game Won [76][77]
Mobile Game Nominated
Famitsu Awards Excellence Prize Won [78]
2019 Webby Awards Best Multiplayer/Competitive Game Won [79]
Game Critics Awards 2019 Best Ongoing Game Nominated [80]
Golden Joystick Awards 2019 Still Playing Nominated [81][82]
eSports Game of the Year Won
The Game Awards 2019 Best Ongoing Game Won [83][84]
Best Community Support Nominated
Best eSports Game Nominated
Best eSports Event (Fortnite World Cup) Nominated
2020 16th British Academy Games Awards Evolving Game Nominated [85][86]
2020 Kids' Choice Awards Favorite Video Game Nominated [87]
The Game Awards 2020 Best Ongoing Game Nominated [88]
Best Community Support Nominated
Best eSports Game Nominated
Best of Galaxy Store Awards Game of the Year 2020 Won [89]
2021 2021 Kids' Choice Awards Favorite Video Game Nominated [90]
2022 2022 Game Awards Best Community Support Nominated [91]
Best Ongoing Game Nominated
2023 2023 Game Awards Best Ongoing Game Nominated [92]

Notes

  1. ↑ Iron Galaxy co-developed the Xbox One and PlayStation 4 versions in Fortnite: Save the World. Psyonix developed Rocket Racing. Harmonix developed Fortnite Festival.
  2. ↑ Gearbox Software published retail copies of Fortnite: Save the World for Xbox One and PlayStation 4 when the game was first released in July 2017. After the introduction of Battle Royale, Warner Bros. Interactive Entertainment published retail copies for PlayStation and Xbox consoles.[1]
  3. ↑ 3.0 3.1 3.2 3.3 3.4 The iOS and Android clients of Fortnite Battle Royale were removed by Apple and Google respectively on August 13, 2020 as Epic had changed how one could buy V-bucks with the client, leading Epic to file a lawsuit against Apple. The macOS client of both Battle Royale and Save the World, while downloadable, will not be able to be updated as well due to app signing restrictions. See Epic Games v. Apple. The game remained playable if one had already downloaded it. On Android, while it is no longer available on Google Play, it remains available via the Samsung Galaxy Store on Samsung Galaxy devices as well as directly from the Epic Games App on all other Android devices. Since May 5, 2022, the game can also be played via Xbox Cloud Gaming and GeForce Now on Android, macOS, iOS and iPadOS devices.[2][3]

References

  1. ↑ Orland, Kyle (June 26, 2018). "Players paying up to $450 for disc-based copies of Fortnite". Ars Technica. https://arstechnica.com/gaming/2018/06/fortnite-fans-paying-massive-markup-for-rare-retail-discs/. 
  2. ↑ Lawler, Richard; Hollister, Sean (May 5, 2022). "Now you can play Fortnite on your iPhone or Android for free with Xbox Cloud Gaming". The Verge (Vox Media). https://www.theverge.com/2022/5/5/23058642/fortnite-xbox-cloud-gaming-free-streaming-epic-games-microsoft. 
  3. ↑ "System Requirements for Cloud Gaming". Nvidia. May 11, 2023. https://www.nvidia.com/en-us/geforce-now/system-reqs/. 
  4. ↑ Webster, Andrew (December 9, 2023). "Fortnite Festival is Rock Band without the plastic instruments". The Verge. https://www.theverge.com/2023/12/9/23992574/fortnite-festival-harmonix-guitar-hero-rock-band. Retrieved December 9, 2023. 
  5. ↑ "Fortnite Save the World Update State of Development". https://www.epicgames.com/fortnite/en-US/news/fortnite-save-the-world-update-state-of-development. 
  6. ↑ "Fortnite V-Bucks to USD Calculator: Online Free Converter". WebToolApps. October 30, 2023. https://webtoolapps.com/v-bucks-to-usd/. 
  7. ↑ Kim, Matt (March 1, 2018). "Fortnite's V-Bucks Currency is Another Battleground for a Community at Odds". USGamer. https://www.usgamer.net/articles/fortnite-battle-royale-save-the-world-v-bucks-grinding. 
  8. ↑ Frushtick, Russ (March 16, 2018). "Should you spend money on Fortnite?". Polygon. https://www.polygon.com/2018/3/16/17129578/fortnite-v-bucks-premium-battle-pass-tier-ranking-spend-money. 
  9. ↑ McWhertor, Michael (March 26, 2014). "What's the future of games at Epic Games?". Polygon. https://www.polygon.com/2014/3/26/5542822/the-future-of-games-epic-games-tim-sweeney-fortnite-unreal-tournament. 
  10. ↑ 10.0 10.1 Inside the Development History of Fortnite. Game Informer. YouTube. April 25, 2014. Retrieved June 29, 2018.
  11. ↑ Peel, Jeremy (June 8, 2017). "Why has Fortnite taken so long?". PCGamesN. https://www.pcgamesn.com/fortnite/why-has-fortnite-taken-so-long. 
  12. ↑ Robinson, Martin (August 11, 2017). "The big Cliff Bleszinski interview". Eurogamer. http://www.eurogamer.net/articles/2017-08-11-the-big-cliff-bleszinski-interview. 
  13. ↑ Valdes, Giancarlo (March 22, 2018). "The Story Behind 'Fortnite's' Less Popular Mode". Glixel. https://www.rollingstone.com/glixel/features/the-story-behind-fortnites-less-popular-mode-w518226. 
  14. ↑ Hall, Charlie (June 8, 2017). "Fortnite announces early access release, hands-on the unfinished game". https://www.polygon.com/e3/2017/6/8/15761278/fortnite-early-access-release-date-ps4-xbox-one-pc-mac-price-preview. 
  15. ↑ Nunneley, Stephany (July 21, 2017). "Fortnite Early Access has started for those who pre-ordered Founder's Packs". https://www.vg247.com/2017/07/21/fortnite-early-access-has-started-for-those-who-pre-ordered-founders-packs/. 
  16. ↑ Arif, Shabana (October 22, 2018). "Fortnite's Save the World free-to-play launch pushed back to next year at the earliest". VG247. https://www.vg247.com/2018/10/22/fortnites-save-the-world-free-to-play-launch-pushed-back-to-next-year-at-the-earliest/. 
  17. ↑ Fahey, Mike (June 30, 2020). "Fortnite Is Finally Out Of Early Access". Kotaku. https://kotaku.com/fortnite-is-finally-out-of-early-access-1844216172. 
  18. ↑ Crecente, Brian (January 15, 2018). "'Fortnite: Battle Royale': The Evolution of World's Largest Battle Royale Game". Glixel. https://www.rollingstone.com/glixel/features/the-evolution-of-the-worlds-largest-battle-royale-game-w515421. 
  19. ↑ Duggan, James (April 17, 2018). "How Fortnite Became the Biggest Game in the World". IGN. http://www.ign.com/articles/2018/04/17/how-fortnite-became-the-biggest-game-in-the-world-ign-expert-mode. 
  20. ↑ Davenport, James (March 22, 2018). "Fortnite Battle Royale was developed in just two months, wasn't originally free-to-play". PC Gamer. https://www.pcgamer.com/fortnite-battle-royale-was-developed-in-just-two-months-and-wasnt-originally-going-to-be-free-to-play/. 
  21. ↑ Hall, Charlie (April 2, 2018). "Fortnite now available for everyone on iOS". Polygon. https://www.polygon.com/2018/4/2/17188592/fortnite-mobile-ios-download-link-iphone-ipad. 
  22. ↑ Kuchera, Ben (June 12, 2018). "Fortnite for Nintendo Switch is out today". Polygon. https://www.polygon.com/e3/2018/6/12/17437762/fortnite-nintendo-switch-release-date-e3-2018-trailer. 
  23. ↑ Webster, Andrew (December 5, 2018). "Fortnite's Minecraft-like creative mode launches tomorrow". The Verge. https://www.theverge.com/2018/12/5/18127222/fortnite-creative-mode-season-7-release-date. 
  24. ↑ Crecente, Brian (December 5, 2018). "'Fortnite' Creative Mode Officially Detailed, Hits Dec. 6, Dec. 13". https://variety.com/2018/gaming/news/how-to-play-fortnite-creative-mode-1203080764/. 
  25. ↑ Peters, Jay (October 11, 2023). "Fortnite is pushing creator-made maps with a YouTube-like redesign". The Verge. https://www.theverge.com/2023/10/11/23912919/fortnite-creator-made-maps-youtube-redesign. Retrieved January 5, 2024. 
  26. ↑ Phillips, Tom (December 2, 2023). "Fortnite's The Big Bang event was a blast of marketing for the game's multi-genre future". Eurogamer. https://www.eurogamer.net/fortnites-the-big-bang-event-was-a-blast-of-marketing-for-the-games-multi-genre-future. Retrieved January 5, 2024. 
  27. ↑ Boyd, Jordan (August 19, 2017). "Fortnite Celebrates One Million Players; New Survival Mode Announced". Dualshockers. http://www.dualshockers.com/fortnite-celebrates-one-million-players-new-survival-mode-announced/. 
  28. ↑ Makuch, Eddie (October 12, 2017). "Fortnite: Battle Royale Has Hit 10 Million Players In Two Weeks". GameSpot. https://www.gamespot.com/articles/fortnite-battle-royale-has-hit-10-million-players-/1100-6454008/. 
  29. ↑ Statt, Nick (June 12, 2018). "Fortnite now has 125 million players just one year after launch". The Verge. https://www.theverge.com/2018/6/12/17456814/fortnite-battle-royale-epic-games-125-million-players-first-year-e3-2018. 
  30. ↑ Thier, Dave (May 24, 2018). "Report: 'Fortnite: Battle Royale' Made Nearly $300 Million Last Month". https://www.forbes.com/sites/davidthier/2018/05/24/report-fortnite-battle-royale-made-nearly-300-million-last-month/#1cbf8f63113e. 
  31. ↑ Molla, Rani (June 26, 2018). "Fortnite is generating more revenue than any other free game ever". https://www.recode.net/2018/6/26/17502072/fortnite-revenue-game-growth-318-million. 
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  35. ↑ "Celebrities Who Play Fortnite - Drake, Chance the Rapper and More!". https://www.twingalaxies.com/feed_details.php/661/celebrities-who-play-fortnite-drake-chance-the-rapper-and-more. 
  36. ↑ Patrick Gill; Christopher Grant (March 15, 2018). "Drake sets records with his Fortnite: Battle Royale Twitch debut". Polygon. https://www.polygon.com/2018/3/15/17123162/drake-ninja-fortnite-stream. 
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  38. ↑ Davenport, James (June 13, 2018). "Fortnite Celebrity Pro-Am Twitch channel breaks 700,000 concurrent viewers". PC Gamer. https://www.pcgamer.com/fortnite-celebrity-pro-am-twitch-channel-breaks-700000-concurrent-viewers/. 
  39. ↑ Goslin, Austen (June 12, 2018). "Epic announces the 2019 Fortnite World Cup event". Polygon. https://www.polygon.com/e3/2018/6/12/17456808/fortnite-world-cup-pro-am-tournament-2019. 
  40. ↑ Vincent, Brittany (July 16, 2019). "The next World Cup? Fortnite. Here's everything you need to know". https://www.nbcnews.com/business/consumer/next-world-cup-fortnite-here-s-everything-you-need-know-n1028196. 
  41. ↑ Stewart, Keith (March 7, 2018). "Fortnite: a parents' guide to the most popular video game in schools". The Guardian. https://www.theguardian.com/games/2018/mar/07/fortnite-battle-royale-parents-guide-video-game-multiplayer-shooter. 
  42. ↑ "What should I know about Fortnite – is it ok for kids to play?"]. Center on Media and Child Health. May 22, 2018. http://cmch.tv/what-should-i-know-about-fortnite-is-it-ok-for-kids-to-play/. 
  43. ↑ Griffin, Andrew (May 3, 2018). "Fortnite Could Endanger Children And Expose Them To Violence, NSPCC Claims". The Independent. https://www.independent.co.uk/life-style/gadgets-and-tech/gaming/fortnite-battle-royale-latest-update-playstation-xbox-features-nspcc-children-parent-warning-a8334261.html. 
  44. ↑ PC Gamer staff (December 8, 2017). "Games of the Year 2017: The nominees". PC Gamer. http://www.pcgamer.com/nominees-pc-gamer-goty-2017/. Retrieved January 22, 2018. 
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  46. ↑ PC Gamer staff (December 28, 2018). "Game of the Year Awards 2018". PC Gamer. https://www.pcgamer.com/game-of-the-year-awards-2018/. Retrieved December 23, 2018. 
  47. ↑ IGN staff (December 10, 2018). "Best Ongoing Game of 2018". https://www.ign.com/articles/2018/12/10/best-ongoing-game-2018. 
  48. ↑ IGN staff (December 10, 2018). "Best Nintendo Switch Game of 2018". https://www.ign.com/articles/2018/12/10/best-nintendo-switch-game-2018. 
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  52. ↑ Giardina, Carolyn (January 16, 2018). "Visual Effects Society Awards: 'Apes,' 'Blade Runner 2049' Lead Feature Nominees". The Hollywood Reporter. https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/lists/2018-visual-effects-society-awards-nominations-list-full-1067888. 
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