Unsolved:Heavy isotope diet
Heavy isotope diet is the consumption of nutrients in which some atoms are replaced with their heavier non-radioactive isotopes, such as deuterium(2H) or heavy carbon (13C). Biomolecules that incorporate heavier isotopes give rise to more stable molecular structures under certain circumstances, which is hypothesized to increase resistance to damage associated with ageing[1] or diseases.[2][3]
Medicines with some hydrogen atoms substituted with deuterium are called deuterated drugs, while substances that are essential nutrients can be used as food constituents, making this food "isotopic". Consumed with food, these nutrients become building material for the body. The examples are deuterated polyunsaturated fatty acids, essential aminoacids,[4] DNA bases such as cytosine,[5] or heavy water and glucose.[6]
Suggested mechanism
One of the most pernicious and irreparable types of oxidative damage inflicted by reactive oxygen species (ROS) upon biomolecules involves the carbon-hydrogen bond cleavage (hydrogen abstraction). Intriguingly, the biomolecules most damageable by this type of damage belong to the group of essential nutrients (10 out of 20 amino acids; nucleosides at certain conditions (conditionally essential); all polyunsaturated fatty acids). In theory, replacing hydrogen with deuterium "reinforces" the bond due to the kinetic isotope effect, and such reinforced biomolecules taken up by the body will be more resistant to ROS.[7]
Deuterated omega-6 fatty acids for humans with degenerative diseases
The company Retrotope pioneered the development a source of deuterated omega-6 fatty acid di-deuterated linoleic acid ethyl ester (RT001) as a food additive for potential treatment of neurodegenerative diseases such as Friedreich’s ataxia and infantile neuroaxonal dystrophy. FDA has granted it an orphan drug designation and it passed the Phase I/II clinical trials (as of 2018).[8]
See also
- Deuterated drug
- Heavy water
- RT001
References
- ↑ "Heavy hydrogen keeps yeast looking good". https://www.newscientist.com/article/mg20827844.000-heavy-hydrogen-keeps-yeast-looking-good.html.
- ↑ Tsikas, Dimitrios (2017). "Combating atherosclerosis with heavy PUFAs: Deuteron not proton is the first". Atherosclerosis 264: 79–82. doi:10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2017.07.018. PMID 28756876.
- ↑ "Deuterium diet". Chemistry & Industry 84 (9): 30–33. 2020. doi:10.1002/cind.849_7.x. https://doi.org/10.1002/cind.849_7.x.
- ↑ Korneenko, Tatyana V; Pestov, Nikolay B; Hurski, Alaksiej L; Fedarkevich, Artsiom M; Shmanai, Vadim V; Brenna, J. Thomas; Shchepinov, Mikhail S (2017). "A strong developmental isotope effect in Caenorhabditis elegans induced by 5,5-deuterated lysine". Amino Acids 49 (5): 887–894. doi:10.1007/s00726-017-2386-5. PMID 28161800.
- ↑ Woodcock, Clayton B; Ulashchik, Egor A; Poopeiko, Nikolai E; Shmanai, Vadim V; Reich, Norbert O; Shchepinov, Mikhail S (2016). "Rational Manipulation of DNA Methylation by Using Isotopically Reinforced Cytosine". ChemBioChem 17 (21): 2018–2021. doi:10.1002/cbic.201600393. PMID 27595234.
- ↑ Li, Xiyan; Snyder, Michael P (2016). "Yeast longevity promoted by reversing aging-associated decline in heavy isotope content". npj Aging and Mechanisms of Disease 2: 16004. doi:10.1038/npjamd.2016.4. PMID 28721263.
- ↑ Shchepinov, Mikhail S (2007). "Reactive Oxygen Species, Isotope Effect, Essential Nutrients, and Enhanced Longevity". Rejuvenation Research 10 (1): 47–59. doi:10.1089/rej.2006.0506. PMID 17378752.
- ↑ Schmidt, Charles (2017). "First deuterated drug approved". Nature Biotechnology 35 (6): 493–494. doi:10.1038/nbt0617-493. PMID 28591114.
External links
- a New Scientist article about ifood
- a Scientific American article about content of 13C in American fast food
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