View source for Earth:Mustersan

The '''Mustersan''' age is a period of geologic time (48.0–42.0 [[Physics:Mya (unit)|Ma]]) within the [[Earth:Eocene|Eocene]] epoch of the [[Earth:Paleogene|Paleogene]], used more specifically within the [[Earth:South American land mammal age|South American land mammal age]] (SALMA) classification. It follows the [[Earth:Casamayoran|Casamayoran]] and precedes the [[Earth:Divisaderan|Divisaderan]] age.<ref name=FWMustersan>[http://www.fossilworks.org/cgi-bin/bridge.pl?action=displayInterval&interval_no=734 Mustersan] at [[Biology:Fossilworks|Fossilworks]].org</ref><ref name=Woodburne2013>Woodburne et al., 2013</ref>
== Etymology ==
This age is named after Lake Musters in the Golfo San Jorge Basin.

== Formations ==
{{Location map+ | South America
| relief = 1
| width   = 300
| caption = Locations of Mustersan formations
| places  =
 {{Location map~ | South America
  | lat_deg = -42.8
  | lon_deg = -69.9
  | mark = Orange pog.svg
  | marksize = 10
  | link = Andesitas Huancache Formation
  }}
  {{Location map~ | South America
  | lat_deg = -5.5
  | lon_deg = -78.6
  | mark = Orange pog.svg
  | marksize = 10
  | link = Chota Formation
  }}
 {{Location map~ | South America
  | lat_deg = -26.1
  | lon_deg = -67.4
  | mark = Orange pog.svg
  | marksize = 10
  | link = Geste Formation
  }}
 {{Location map~ | South America
  | lat_deg = -14.6
  | lon_deg = -75.9
  | mark = Orange pog.svg
  | marksize = 10
  | link = Paracas Formation
  }}
 {{Location map~ | South America
  | lat_deg = -7.3
  | lon_deg = -75.0
  | mark = Orange pog.svg
  | marksize = 10
  | link = Pozo Formation
  }}
 {{Location map~ | South America
  | lat_deg = -13.336667
  | lon_deg = -71.741111
  | mark = Orange pog.svg
  | marksize = 10
  | link = Soncco Formation
  }}
 {{Location map~ | South America
  | lat_deg = -37.8
  | lon_deg = -66.1
  | mark = Orange pog.svg
  | marksize = 10
  | link = Vaca Mahuida Formation
  }}
 {{Location map~ | South America
  | lat_deg = -41.1
  | lon_deg = -70.8
  | mark = Orange pog.svg
  | marksize = 10
  | link = Ventana Formation
  }}
 {{Location map~ | South America
  | lat_deg = -9.5
  | lon_deg = -72.8
  | mark = Orange pog.svg
  | marksize = 10
  | link = Yahuarango Formation
  }}
  {{Location map~ | South America
  | lat_deg = -44.4
  | lon_deg = -68.8
  | mark = Orange pog.svg
  | marksize = 14
  | link = Sarmiento Formation
  }}
}}
{| class="wikitable sortable"
! Formation<br />{{small|bold is type}}
! Country
! Basin
! class=unsortable | Notes
|-
| '''[[Earth:Sarmiento Formation|Sarmiento Formation]]''' || {{ARG}} || Golfo San Jorge Basin || {{center|<ref name=Dozo_p241>Dozo et al., 2014, p.241</ref><ref name=Acosta2005_p128>Acosta & Tambussi, 2005, p.128</ref>}}
|-
| [[Earth:Abanico Formation|Abanico Formation]] || {{CHL}} || Abanico Basin || {{center|<ref name=Godoy2012>Godoy et al., 2012</ref><ref name=Munoz2012>Muñoz et al., 2006</ref>}}
|-
| Andesitas Huancache Formation || {{ARG}} || Golfo San Jorge Basin || {{center|<ref name=Tejedor2009_p6>Tejedor et al., 2009, p.6</ref>}}
|-
| [[Earth:Chota Formation|Chota Formation]] || {{PER}} || Bagua Basin || {{center|<ref name=Chacaltana_p2>Chacaltana et al., 2015, p.2</ref><ref name=CastroMedina2010_p53>Castro Medina, 2010, p.53</ref>}}
|-
| [[Earth:Geste Formation|Geste Formation]] || {{ARG}} || Puna Plateau || {{center|<ref name=Ciancio2016_p577>Ciancio et al., 2016, p.577</ref><ref name=LopezBond1995_p92>López & Bond, 1995, p.92</ref>}}
|-
| Paracas Formation || {{PER}} || Pisco Basin || {{center|<ref name=Clarke2007_p11545>Clarke et al., 2007, p.11545</ref>}}
|-
| Pozo Formation || {{PER}} || Ucayali Basin || {{center|<ref name=Antoine2016_p56>Antoine et al., 2016, p.56</ref><ref name=CastroMedina2010_p54>Castro Medina, 2010, p.54</ref>}}
|-
| [[Earth:Soncco Formation|Soncco Formation]] || {{PER}} || Eastern Peruvian Andes || {{center|<ref name=Carlotto_p522>Carlotto, 2016, p.522</ref>}}
|-
| Vaca Mahuida Formation || {{ARG}} || Neuquén Basin || {{center|<ref name=FWShelania>[http://www.fossilworks.org/cgi-bin/bridge.pl?a=taxonInfo&taxon_no=37439 ''Shelania''] at [[Biology:Fossilworks|Fossilworks]].org</ref>}}
|-
| Ventana Formation || {{ARG}} || Neuquén Basin || {{center|<ref name=Wilf2005>Wilf et al., 2005</ref>}}
|-
| Yahuarango Formation - Santa Rosa fauna || {{PER}} || Ucayali Basin || {{center|<ref name=Campbell2004_p13>Campbell et al., 2014, p.13</ref><ref name=CastroMedina2010_p53>Castro Medina, 2010, p.53</ref>}}
|-
|}
{{clearboth}}

== Fossils ==
{| class="wikitable sortable"
! Group
! Fossils
! Formation
! class=unsortable | Notes
|-
| rowspan=5 | Mammals || ''Antepithecus brachystephanus'', ''Guilielmoscottia plicifera'', ''Kramadolops mayoi'', ''[[Biology:Propyrotherium|Propyrotherium saxeum]]'', ''[[Biology:Pseudhyrax|Pseudhyrax eutrachytheroides]]'', ''Eomorphippus sp.'' || [[Earth:Sarmiento Formation|Sarmiento]] || {{center|<ref name=FWLaGranHondonada>[http://www.fossilworks.org/cgi-bin/bridge.pl?a=collectionSearch&collection_no=38879 La Gran Hondonada] at [[Biology:Fossilworks|Fossilworks]].org</ref><ref name=FWSierraChaira>[http://www.fossilworks.org/cgi-bin/bridge.pl?a=collectionSearch&collection_no=186802 Sierra Chaira] at [[Biology:Fossilworks|Fossilworks]].org</ref>}}
|-
| ''Chlorocyon phantasma'', ''Ignigena minisculus'', ''aff. Ernestokokenia sp.'', Borhyaenidae indet., [[Biology:Oldfieldthomasiidae|Oldfieldthomasiidae indet.]] || [[Earth:Abanico Formation|Abanico]] || {{center|<ref name=Engelman2018>Engelman et al., 2018</ref><ref name=FWTapado>[http://www.fossilworks.org/cgi-bin/bridge.pl?a=collectionSearch&collection_no=38880 Tapado] at [[Biology:Fossilworks|Fossilworks]].org</ref>}}
|-
| ''Archaeopithecus cf. rogeri'', ''Asmithwoodwardia subtrigona'', ''Bardalestes hunco'', ''Gashternia ctalehor'', ''[[Biology:Greniodon|Greniodon sylvaticus]]'', ''[[Biology:Henricosbornia|Henricosbornia lophodonta]]'', ''Homalostylops parvus'', ''Palangania cf. brandmayri'', ''Polydolops rothi'', ''P. unicus'', ''Prostegotherium cf. astrifer'', ''Amphidolops sp.'', ''Marmosopsis sp.'', ''[[Biology:Notostylops|Notostylops sp.]]'', ''Pauladelphys sp.'', ''Protodidelphis sp.'', ''[[Biology:Riostegotherium|Riostegotherium sp.]]'', ''Stegosimpsonia sp.'', Borhyaeninae indet., Caroloameghiniinae indet., Hathlyacininae indet. || Andesitas<br />Huancache || {{center|<ref name=GoinetalGreniodon2012>Goin et al., 2012</ref><ref name=FWLaBarda>[http://www.fossilworks.org/cgi-bin/bridge.pl?a=collectionSearch&collection_no=133039 La Barda] at [[Biology:Fossilworks|Fossilworks]].org</ref>}}
|-
| ''Antofagastia turneri'', ''[[Biology:Bonapartherium|Bonapartherium serrensis]]'', ''Parastegosimpsonia cf. peruana'', ''Parutaetus punaensis'', ''Prostegotherium notostylopianum'', ''Pucatherium parvum'', ''Punadolops alonsoi'', ''Punahyrax bondesioi'', ''Punapithecus minor'', ''Punatherium catamarquensis'', ''Reigia punae'', ''Suniodon catamarcensis'', ''[[Biology:Astegotherium|Astegotherium sp.]]'', ''[[Biology:Callistoe|Callistoe sp.]]'', ''[[Biology:Colbertia|Colbertia sp.]]'', ''cf. Ernestokokenia sp.'', ''cf. Pampahippus sp.'', ''[[Biology:Propyrotherium|Propyrotherium sp.]]'', ''[[Biology:Utaetus|cf. Utaetus sp.]]'', [[Biology:Astrapotheriidae|Astrapotheriidae indet.]], [[Biology:Interatheriidae|Interatheriidae indet.]], [[Biology:Isotemnidae|Isotemnidae indet.]], [[Biology:Litopterna|Litopterna indet.]], [[Biology:Notohippidae|Notohippidae indet.]], [[Biology:Notostylopidae|Notostylopidae indet.]], [[Biology:Notoungulata|Notoungulata indet.]], [[Biology:Oldfieldthomasiidae|Oldfieldthomasiidae indet.]], [[Biology:Typotheria|Typotheria indet.]] || [[Earth:Geste Formation|Geste]] || {{center|<ref name=Cianco2016>Ciancio et al., 2016</ref><ref name=GarciaBabot2014>García López & Babot, 2014</ref><br /><ref name=FWGesteAntofagastaSierra>[http://www.fossilworks.org/cgi-bin/bridge.pl?a=collectionSearch&collection_no=41608 Antofagasta de la Sierra] at [[Biology:Fossilworks|Fossilworks]].org</ref><ref name=FWGesteSalar>[http://www.fossilworks.org/cgi-bin/bridge.pl?a=collectionSearch&collection_no=175809 Pozuelos salt flat, Quebrada El Paso] at [[Biology:Fossilworks|Fossilworks]].org</ref>}}
|-
| ''Eobranisamys riverai'', ''E. romeropittmanae'', ''Eodelphomys almeidacomposi'', ''Eoespina woodi'', ''Eoincamys ameghinoi'', ''E. pascuali'', ''Eopicure kraglievichi'', ''[[Biology:Eopululo|Eopululo wigmorei]]'', ''Eosachacui lavocati'', ''Eosallamys paulacoutoi'', ''E. simpsoni'', ''[[Biology:Hondonadia|Hondonadia pittmanae]]'', ''Incadolops ucayali'', ''Kirutherium paititiensis'', ''Kiruwamaq chisu'', ''Micoureus laventicus'', ''Parastegosimpsonia peruana'', ''Patene campbelli'', ''Perulestes cardichi'', ''P. fraileyi'', ''Perupithecus ucayaliensis'', ''Rumiodon inti'', ''Sasawatsu mahaynaq'', ''Wamradolops tsullodon'', ''Wirunodon chanku'', ''Yuruatherium tropicalis'', ''[[Biology:Guiomys|Guiomys sp.]]'', ''Scleromys sp.'', ''Sipalocyon sp.'', ''cf. Microsteiromys sp.'', Acaremyidae indet., [[Biology:Chiroptera|Chiroptera indet.]], [[Biology:Gondwanatheria|?Gondwanatheria indet.]], Glyptodontinae indet., Hystricognatha indet., [[Biology:Interatheriinae|Interatheriinae indet.]], [[Biology:Notohippidae|cf. Notohippidae indet.]] || Yahuarango || {{center|<ref name=BondPeru2015>Bond et al., 2015</ref><ref name=CiancioParastegosimpsonia2012>Ciancio et al., 2012</ref><br /><ref name=FWSantaRosafauna>[http://www.fossilworks.org/cgi-bin/bridge.pl?a=collectionSearch&collection_no=149523 Santa Rosa fauna] at [[Biology:Fossilworks|Fossilworks]].org</ref><ref name=FWMD67>[http://www.fossilworks.org/cgi-bin/bridge.pl?a=collectionSearch&collection_no=144513 MD-67] at [[Biology:Fossilworks|Fossilworks]].org</ref>}}
|-
| rowspan=3 | Birds || ''[[Biology:Perudyptes|Perudyptes devriesi]]'' || Paracas || {{center|<ref name=FWQuebradaPerdida>[http://www.fossilworks.org/cgi-bin/bridge.pl?a=collectionSearch&collection_no=73817 Quebrada Perdida] at [[Biology:Fossilworks|Fossilworks]].org</ref>}}
|-
| Psilopteridae indet. || [[Earth:Sarmiento Formation|Sarmiento]] || {{center|<ref name=FWLaGranHondonada/>}}
|-
| [[Biology:Presbyornithidae|Presbyornithidae indet.]] || Vaca<br />Mahuida || {{center|<ref name=FWVacaMahuida>[http://www.fossilworks.org/cgi-bin/bridge.pl?a=collectionSearch&collection_no=45418 Vaca Mahuida Facies] at [[Biology:Fossilworks|Fossilworks]].org</ref>}}
|-
| rowspan=3 | Reptiles&nbsp;&<br />amphibians || [[Biology:Boidae|Boidae indet.]], [[Biology:Sebecidae|Sebecidae indet.]], Testudines indet. || [[Earth:Geste Formation|Geste]] || {{center|<ref name=FWGesteAntofagastaSierra/>}}
|-
| ''[[Biology:Shelania|Shelania laurenti]]'' || Vaca<br />Mahuida || {{center|<ref name=FWShelania/>}}
|-
| [[Biology:Boinae|Boinae indet.]] || [[Earth:Sarmiento Formation|Sarmiento]] || {{center|<ref name=FWLaGranHondonada/>}}
|-
| [[Biology:Insect|Insect]]s || ''Acanthocephalonotum martinsnetoi'', ''[[Biology:Archimyrmex|Archimyrmex piatnitzkyi]]'', ''[[Biology:Archimyrmex|A. smekali]]'', ''Madres delpueblo'', ''[[Biology:Atalophlebia|?Atalophlebia sp.]]'', [[Biology:Stratiomyidae|Stratiomyidae indet.]] || Ventana || {{center|<ref name=FWConfluencia>[http://www.fossilworks.org/cgi-bin/bridge.pl?a=collectionSearch&collection_no=138697 Confluencia locality] at [[Biology:Fossilworks|Fossilworks]].org</ref><ref name=FWRP3>[http://www.fossilworks.org/cgi-bin/bridge.pl?a=collectionSearch&collection_no=157776 Quarry RP3, Río Pichileufú] at [[Biology:Fossilworks|Fossilworks]].org</ref><br /><ref name=FWPichi>[http://www.fossilworks.org/cgi-bin/bridge.pl?a=collectionSearch&collection_no=138647 Pilcaniyeu road, near Río Pichileufú] at [[Biology:Fossilworks|Fossilworks]].org</ref>}}
|-
| [[Earth:Flora|Flora]] || ''[[Biology:Agathis zamunerae|Agathis zamunerae]]'', ''Atherospermophyllum guinazui'', ''Embothrium precoccineum'' , ''?Embothrium pregrandiflorum'', ''Fagus subferruginea'', ''Lomatia preferruginea'', ''Retrophyllum spiralifolium'', ''[[Biology:Blechnum|Blechnum sp.]]'' || Ventana || {{center|<ref name=Wilf2005 /><ref name=FWRP3dup>[http://www.fossilworks.org/cgi-bin/bridge.pl?a=collectionSearch&collection_no=197640 Río Pichileufú: quarry RP3 MEC dup] at [[Biology:Fossilworks|Fossilworks]].org</ref><br /><ref name=FWRioPichileufu>[http://www.fossilworks.org/cgi-bin/bridge.pl?a=collectionSearch&collection_no=153416 Río Pichileufú] at [[Biology:Fossilworks|Fossilworks]].org</ref><ref name=FWCerroCoihue>[http://www.fossilworks.org/cgi-bin/bridge.pl?a=collectionSearch&collection_no=136410 Cerro Coihué] at [[Biology:Fossilworks|Fossilworks]].org</ref>}}
|-
|}

== References ==
{{reflist}}

=== Bibliography ===
;General
* {{cite LSA |last=Woodburne |first=M.O. |last2=Goin |first2=F.J. |last3=Bond |first3=M. |last4=Carlini |first4=A.A. |last5=Gelfo |first5=J.N. |last6=López |first6=G.M. |last7=Iglesias |first7=A. |last8=Zimicz |first8=A.N. |year=2013 |title=Paleogene Land Mammal Faunas of South America; a Response to Global Climatic Changes and Indigenous Floral Diversity |url=https://www.researchgate.net/publication/257591980_Paleogene_Land_Mammal_Faunas_of_South_America_a_Response_to_Global_Climatic_Changes_and_Indigenous_Floral_Diversity |journal=Journal of Mammalian Evolution |volume=21 |pages=1–73 |accessdate=2019-02-15}}

;Sarmiento Formation
* {{cite LSA |last=Acosta Hospitaleche |first=Carolina |last2=Tambussi |first2=Claudia |year=2005 |title=Phorusrhacidae Psilopterinae (Aves) en la Formación Sarmiento de la localidad de Gran Hondonada (Eoceno Superior), Patagonia, Argentina [Phorusrhacidae Psilopterinae (Birds) in the Sarmiento Formation from the Gran Hondonada locality (Upper Eocene), Patagonia, Argentina |url=http://www.sepaleontologia.es/revista/anteriores/REP%20%282005%29%20vol.%2020/2/01.%20Acosta%20&%20Tambussi.pdf |journal=Revista Española de Paleontología |volume=20 |pages=127–132 |accessdate=2018-09-10}}
* {{cite LSA |last=Dozo |first=María Teresa |last2=Ciancio |first2=Martín |last3=Bouza |first3=Pablo |last4=Martínez |first4=Gastón |year=2014 |title=Nueva asociación de mamíferos del Paleógeno en el este de la Patagonia (provincia de Chubut, Argentina): implicancias biocronológicas y paleobiogeográficas |url=http://www.scielo.cl/pdf/andgeol/v41n1/art09.pdf |journal=Andean Geology |volume=41 |pages=224–247 |accessdate=2017-08-15}}
* {{cite LSA |last=Pérez |first=María Encarnación |last2=Krause |first2=Marcelo |last3=Vucetich |first3=María Guiomar |year=2012 |title=A new species of ''Chubutomys'' (Rodentia, Hystricognathi) from the late Oligocene of Patagonia and its implications on the early evolutionary history of Cavioidea sensu stricto |url=https://doi.org/10.1016/j.geobios.2012.06.001 |journal=Geobios |volume=45 |issue=6 |pages=573–580 |accessdate=2019-02-15}}
* {{cite LSA |last=Shockey |first=Bruce J. |last2=Flynn |first2=John J. |last3=Croft |first3=Darin A. |last4=Gans |first4=Phillip |last5=Wyss |first5=André R. |year=2012 |title=New leontiniid Notoungulata (Mammalia) from Chile and Argentina : comparative anatomy, character analysis, and phylogenetic hypotheses |url=https://www.researchgate.net/publication/232690741_New_Leontiniid_Notoungulata_Mammalia_from_Chile_and_Argentina_Comparative_Anatomy_Character_Analysis_and_Phylogenetic_Hypotheses |journal=American Museum Novitates |volume=3737 |pages=1–64 |accessdate=2019-02-15}}
* {{cite LSA |last=Sterli |first=Juliana |last2=De la Fuente |first2=Marcelo S. |last3=Krause |first3=J. Marcelo |year=2015 |title=A new turtle from the Palaeogene of Patagonia (Argentina) sheds new light on the diversity and evolution of the bizarre clade of horned turtles (Meiolaniidae, Testudinata) |url=https://www.researchgate.net/publication/280972149_A_new_turtle_from_the_Palaeogene_of_Patagonia_Argentina_sheds_new_light_on_the_diversity_and_evolution_of_the_bizarre_clade_of_horned_turtles_Meiolaniidae_Testudinata |journal=Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society |volume=174 |issue=3 |pages=519–548 |accessdate=2019-02-13}}
* {{cite LSA |last=Wyss |first=André R. |last2=Flynn |first2=John J. |last3=Croft |first3=Darin A. |year=2018 |title=New Paleogene notohippids and leontiniids (Toxodontia; Notoungulata; Mammalia) from the Early Oligocene Tinguiririca Fauna of the Andean Main Range, central Chile |url=http://digitallibrary.amnh.org/handle/2246/6901 |journal=Journal of South American Earth Sciences |volume=3903 |pages=1–42 |accessdate=2019-02-11}}

;Abanico Formation
* {{cite LSA |last=Bertrand |first=Ornella C. |last2=Flynn |first2=John J. |last3=Croft |first3=Darin A. |last4=Wyss |first4=André R. |year=2012 |title=Two new taxa (Caviomorpha, Rodentia) from the early Oligocene Tinguiririca fauna (Chile) |url=https://www.researchgate.net/publication/262523787_Two_New_Taxa_Caviomorpha_Rodentia_from_the_Early_Oligocene_Tinguiririca_Fauna_Chile |journal=American Museum Novitates |volume=3750 |pages=1–36 |accessdate=2019-02-15}}
* {{cite LSA |last=Bradham |first=Jennifer |last2=Flynn |first2=John J. |last3=Croft |first3=Darin A. |last4=Wyss |first4=Andre R. |year=2015 |title=New notoungulates (Notostylopidae and basal toxodontians) from the early Oligocene Tinguiririca fauna of the Andean Main Range, central Chile |url=https://www.researchgate.net/publication/284141601_New_Notoungulates_Notostylopidae_and_Basal_Toxodontians_from_the_Early_Oligocene_Tinguiririca_Fauna_of_the_Andean_Main_Range_Central_Chile |journal=American Museum Novitates |volume=3841 |pages=1–24 |accessdate=2019-02-13}}
* {{cite LSA |last=Croft |first=Darin A. |last2=Flynn |first2=John J. |last3=Wyss |first3=André R. |year=2008 |title=The Tinguiririca fauna of Chile and the early stages of "modernization" of South American mammal faunas |url=http://www.museunacional.ufrj.br/publicacoes/wp-content/arquivos/Arqs%2066%20n%201%20p%20191-211%20Croft%20et%20al.pdf |journal=Arquivos do Museu Nacional, Rio de Janeiro |volume=66 |pages=191–211 |accessdate=2019-02-12}}
* {{cite LSA |last=Engelman |first=Russell K. |last2=Flynn |first2=John J. |last3=Gans |first3=Philip |last4=Wyss |first4=André R. |last5=Croft |first5=Darin A. |year=2018 |title=''Chlorocyon phantasma'', a late Eocene borhyaenoid (Mammalia, Metatheria, Sparassodonta) from the Los Helados locality, Andean Main Range, central Chile |url=https://www.researchgate.net/publication/329976567_Chlorocyon_phantasma_a_Late_Eocene_Borhyaenoid_Mammalia_Metatheria_Sparassodonta_from_the_Los_Helados_Locality_Andean_Main_Range_Central_Chile |journal=American Museum Novitates |volume=3918 |pages=1–22 |accessdate=2019-02-11}}
* {{cite LSA |last=Godoy |first=Estanislao |year=2012 |title=Sobre el variable marco geotectónico de las formaciones Abanico y Farellones y sus equivalentes al sur de los 35°LS |url=http://www.scielo.org.ar/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S0004-48222012000400008 |journal=Revista de la Asociación Geológica Argentina |volume=69 |pages=570–577 |accessdate=2017-08-15}}
* {{cite LSA |last=Muñoz |first=Marcia |last2=Fuentes |first2=Francisco |last3=Vergara |first3=Mario |last4=Aguirre |first4=Luis |last5=Nyström |first5=Jan Olov |last6=Féraud |first6=Gilbert |last7=Demant |first7=Alain |year=2006 |title=Abanico East Formation: petrology and geochemistry of volcanic rocks behind the Cenozoic arc front in the Andean Cordillera, central Chile (33°50'S) |url=http://www.scielo.cl/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S0716-02082006000100005 |journal=Revista Geológica de Chile |volume=33 |pages=109–140 |accessdate=2017-08-15}}

;Andesitas Huancache Formation
* {{cite LSA |last=Goin |first=Francisco J. |last2=Tejedor |first2=Marcelo F. |last3=Chornogubsky |first3=Laura |last4=López |first4=Guillermo M. |last5=Gelfo |first5=Javier N. |last6=Bond |first6=Mariano |last7=Woodburne |first7=Michael O. |last8=Gurovich |first8=Yamila |last9=Reguero |first9=Marcelo |year=2012 |title=Persistence of a Mesozoic, non-therian mammalian lineage (Gondwanatheria) in the mid-Paleogene of Patagonia |url=https://www.researchgate.net/publication/224957258_Persistence_of_a_Mesozoic_non-therian_mammalian_lineage_Gondwanatheria_in_the_mid-Paleogene_of_Patagonia |journal=Naturwissenschaften |volume=99 |issue=6 |pages=449–463 |accessdate=2019-02-15}}
* {{cite LSA |last=Tejedor |first=Marcelo F. et al |year=2009 |title=New Early Eocene Mammalian Fauna from Western Patagonia, Argentina |url=https://www.zora.uzh.ch/id/eprint/20519/1/KPIM_CARL-AA_2009-2.pdf |journal=American Museum Novitates |volume=3638 |pages=1–43 |accessdate=2018-09-11}}

;Chota Formation
* {{cite LSA |last=Chacaltana |first=César |last2=Benites Cañote |first2=Alexandra Lucytania |last3=Valdivia |first3=Waldir |last4=Chumpitaz |first4=Marco |year=2014 |title=La formación Chota en la Cuenca Bagua: Evaluación e implicancias del criterio de clasificación litoestratigráfico |url=https://www.researchgate.net/publication/281715230_LA_FORMACION_CHOTA_EN_LA_CUENCA_BAGUA_EVALUACION_E_IMPLICANCIAS_DEL_CRITERIO_DE_CLASIFICACION_LITOESTRATIGRAFICO |publisher=Congreso Peruano de Geología |pages=1–4 |accessdate=2017-08-15}}

;Geste Formation
* {{cite LSA |last=Ciancio |first=Martín R |last2=Herrera |first2=Claudia |last3=Aramayo |first3=Alejandro |last4=Payrola |first4=Patricio |last5=Babot |first5=Judith |year=2016 |title=Diversity of cingulate xenarthrans in the middle–late Eocene of Northwestern Argentina |url=https://www.app.pan.pl/archive/published/app61/app002082015.pdf |journal=Acta Palaeontologica Polonica |volume=61 |pages=575–590 |accessdate=2018-09-10}}
* {{cite LSA |last=García López |first=D.A. |last2=Babot |first2=M.J. |year=2014 |title=Notoungulate faunas of north-western Argentina: new findings of early-diverging forms from the Eocene Geste Formation |url=https://www.researchgate.net/publication/268631867_Notoungulate_faunas_of_north-western_Argentina_New_findings_of_early-diverging_forms_from_the_Eocene_Geste_Formation |journal=Journal of Systematic Palaeontology |volume=13 |issue=7 |pages=557–579 |accessdate=2019-02-12}}
* {{cite LSA |last=López |first=Guillermo |last2=Bond |first2=Mariano |year=1995 |title=Un nuevo Notopithecinae (Notoungulata, Typotheria) del Terciario Inferior de la Puna argentina [A new Notopithecinae (Notoungulata, Typotheria) of Lower Tertiary from the argentinian Puna] |url=http://revistas.usal.es/index.php/0211-8327/article/viewFile/3878/3893 |journal=Stvd. Geol. Salmant. |volume=31 |pages=87–99 |accessdate=2018-09-10}}

;Paracas Formation
* {{cite LSA |last=Clarke |first=Julia A. |last2=Ksepka |first2=Daniel T. |last3=Stucchi |first3=Marcelo |last4=Urbina |first4=Mario |last5=Giannini |first5=Norberto |last6=Bertelli |first6=Sara |last7=Narváez |first7=Yanina |last8=Boyd |first8=Clint A. |year=2007 |title=Paleogene equatorial penguins challenge the proposed relationship between penguin biogeography, body size evolution, and Cenozoic climate change |url=https://www.researchgate.net/publication/6235366_Paleogene_equatorial_penguins_challenge_the_proposed_relationship_between_biogeography_diversity_and_Cenozoic_climate_change |journal=Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences |volume=104 |pages=11545–11550 |accessdate=2017-08-15}}

;Pozo Formation
* {{cite LSA |last=Antoine |first=P.O. |last2=Marivaux |first2=L. |last3=Croft |first3=D.A. |last4=Billet |first4=G. |last5=Ganerod |first5=M. |last6=Jaramillo |first6=C. |last7=Martin |first7=T. |last8=Orliac |first8=M. |last9=Tejada, A. J. Altamirano, F. Duranthon, G. Fanjat, S. Rousse and R. Salas Gismondi |first9=J. |year=2011 |title=Middle Eocene rodents from Peruvian Amazonia reveal the pattern and timing of caviomorph origins and biogeography |url=https://www.researchgate.net/publication/51713935_Middle_Eocene_rodents_from_Peruvian_Amazonia_reveal_the_pattern_and_timing_of_caviomorph_origins_and_biogeography |journal=Proceedings of the Royal Society B |volume=279 |pages=1319–1326 |accessdate=2019-02-14}}
* {{cite LSA |last=Boivin |first=Myriam |last2=Marivaux |first2=Laurent |last3=Orliac |first3=Maëva J. |last4=Pujos |first4=François |last5=Salas Gismondi |first5=Rodolfo  |last6=Tejada Lara |first6=Julia V. |last7=Antoine |first7=Pierre-Olivier |year=2017 |title=Late middle Eocene caviomorph rodents from Contamana, Peruvian Amazonia |url=http://palaeo-electronica.org/content/2017/1822-eocene-amazonian-caviomorphs |journal=Palaeontologia Electronica |volume=20 |issue=1 |pages=Article number 20.1.19A |accessdate=2019-02-12}}

;Soncco Formation
* {{cite LSA |last=Carlotto |first=Víctor |year=2016 |title=Dataciones por trazas de fisión en los depósitos continentales terciarios de la Región de Cusco |url=https://www.researchgate.net/publication/237205750_DATACIONES_POR_TRAZAS_DE_FISION_EN_LOS_DEPOSITOS_CONTINENTALES_TERCIARIOS_DE_LA_REGION_DE_CUSCO |publisher=XIII Congreso Peruano de Geología |pages=521–524 |accessdate=2017-08-15}}

;Vaca Mahuida Formation
* {{cite LSA |last=Montalvo |first=C. |last2=Bond |first2=M. |year=1998 |title=Un notoungulata de la Formación Vaca Mahuida (Eoceno), provincia de La Pampa, Argentina |url=http://www.peapaleontologica.org.ar/index.php/peapa/article/view/177/183 |journal=Asociación Paleontológica Argentina, Publicación Especial |volume=5 |pages=55–60 |accessdate=2019-02-15}}

;Ventana Formation
* {{cite LSA |last=Petrulevicius |first=J.F. |last2=Popov |first2=Y.A. |year=2014 |title=First fossil record of Discocephalinae (Insecta, Pentatomidae): a new genus from the middle Eocene of Río Pichileufú, Patagonia, Argentina |url=https://www.researchgate.net/publication/264245642_First_fossil_record_of_Discocephalinae_Insecta_Pentatomidae_A_new_genus_from_the_middle_Eocene_of_Rio_Pichileufu_Patagonia_Argentina |journal=ZooKeys |issue=422 |pages=23–3 |accessdate=2019-02-22}}
* {{cite LSA |last=Wilf |first=P. |last2=Johnson |first2=K.R. |last3=Cúneo |first3=N.R. |last4=Smith |first4=M.E. |last5=Singer |first5=B.S. |last6=Gandolfo |first6=M.A. |year=2005 |title=Eocene Plant Diversity at Laguna del Hunco and Río Pichileufú, Patagonia, Argentina |url=https://www.researchgate.net/publication/312253100_Eocene_Plant_Diversity_at_Laguna_del_Hunco_and_Rio_Pichileufu_Patagonia_Argentina |journal=[[Biology:The American Naturalist|The American Naturalist]] |volume=165 |pages=634–650 |accessdate=2019-02-22}}

;Yahuarango Formation
* {{cite LSA |last=Bond |first=Mariano |last2=Tejedor |first2=Marcelo F. |last3=Campbell Jr. |first3=Kenneth E. |last4=Chornogubsky |first4=Laura |last5=Novo |first5=Nelson |last6=Goin |first6=Francisco |year=2015 |title=Eocene primates of South America and the African origins of New World monkeys |url=http://www.nature.com/nature/journal/v520/n7548/abs/nature14120.html |journal=Nature |volume=520 |pages=538–546 |accessdate=2017-09-24}}
* {{cite LSA |last=Campbell |first=K.E. |last2=Frailey |first2=C.D. |last3=Romero Pittman |first3=L. |year=2004 |title=The Paleogene Santa Rosa Local Fauna of Amazonian Perú: Geographic and Geologic Setting |url=https://nhm.org/site/sites/default/files/pdf/contrib_science/SS-40.pdf |journal=Natural History Museum of Los Angeles County, Science Series |volume=40 |pages=1–164 |accessdate=2019-02-15}}
* {{cite LSA |last=Ciancio |first=Martín Ricardo |last2=Carlini |first2=Alfredo A. |last3=Campbell |first3=Kenneth E. |last4=Scillato Yané |first4=Gustavo J. |year=2013 |title=New Palaeogene cingulates (Mammalia, Xenarthra) from Santa Rosa, Perú and their importance in the context of South American faunas |url=https://www.researchgate.net/publication/233992936_New_Palaeogene_cingulates_Mammalia_Xenarthra_from_Santa_Rosa_Peru_and_their_importance_in_the_context_of_South_American_faunas |journal=Journal of Systematic Palaeontology |volume=11 |issue=6 |pages=727–741 |accessdate=2019-02-15}}


[[Category:Mustersan| ]]

{{Sourceattribution|Mustersan}}