Biology:Lycodon bicolor: Difference between revisions

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{{Short description|Species of snake}}
{{Short description|Species of snake}}
[[File:Two-coloured wolf snake.jpg|thumb]]
{{Speciesbox
{{Speciesbox
| image = Two-coloured wolf snake.jpg
| status = NT
| status = NT
| status_system = IUCN3.1
| status_system = IUCN3.1
| status_ref = <ref name=iucn>{{cite iucn |author=Das, A. |year=2021 |title=''Lycodon mackinnoni'' |volume=2021 |page=e.T202844A2757285 |doi=10.2305/IUCN.UK.2021-3.RLTS.T202844A2757285.en |access-date=29 May 2023}}</ref>
| genus = Lycodon
| genus = Lycodon
| species = bicolor
| species = bicolor
| authority = Nikolsky, 1903
| authority = (Nikolsky, 1903)
| synonyms = *''Lycodon mackinnoni'' <br />{{small|Wall, 1906}}
| synonyms = *''Contia bicolor'' <br />{{small|Nikolsky, 1903}}
*''Ophites mackinnoni'' <br />{{small|— Wall, 1923}}
*''Lycodon mackinnoni'' <br />{{small|Wall, 1906}}
*''Lycodon mackinnoni'' <br />{{small|— M.A. Smith, 1943}}
*''Ophites mackinnoni'' <br />{{small|(Wall, 1906)}}
*''Lycodon bicolor'' <br />{{small|Amarasinghe et al. 2023}}
| synonyms_ref = <ref name=RDB>{{EMBL species|genus=Lycodon|species=bicolor}}. www.reptile-database.org.</ref>
| synonyms_ref = <ref name=RDB>{{EMBL species|genus=Lycodon|species=mackinnoni}}. www.reptile-database.org.</ref>
}}
}}


'''''Lycodon bicolor''''', [[Biology:Common name|commonly]] known as the '''Two-coloured wolf snake''', '''Bicolored wolf snake''', or the '''Golden wolf snake''', is a [[Biology:Species|species]] of [[Biology:Snake|snake]] in the family [[Biology:Colubridae|Colubridae]]. The species is [[Biology:Endemism|endemic]] to [[Place:Western Himalaya|Western Himalaya]].
'''''Lycodon bicolor''''', [[Biology:Common name|commonly]] known as the '''two-coloured wolf snake''', '''bicolored wolf snake''', '''golden wolf snake''', and '''Mackinnon's wolf snake''', is a [[Biology:Species|species]] of [[Biology:Colubridae|colubrid]] [[Biology:Snake|snake]] native to the Western Himalayas.


==Geographic range==
==Distribution==
''L. bicolor'' is restricted to the western Himalayas, ranging from Uttarakhand in {{wipe|India}} east through Jammu & Kashmir to POK in {{wipe|Pakistan}}. It was originally described from Mussoorie, but was not found again at its [[Biology:Type|type locality]] for over 112 years until it was rediscovered in 2019 during survey work in Binog Wildlife Sanctuary; these findings were reported in 2021. As Mussoorie is a major tourist destination, the Mussoorie wolf snakes may be threatened by [[Traffic flow|vehicular traffic]], pollution, and other tourism-related activities near the sanctuary; due to this, a detailed status survey and further research into the species are required.<ref name=":0">Wall (1906).</ref><ref>{{Cite journal|last1=Nawani|first1=Swati|last2=Deepak|first2=V.|last3=Gautam|first3=Kumudani Bala|last4=Gupta|first4=Sandeep Kumar|last5=Boruah|first5=Bitupan|last6=Das|first6=Abhijit|date=2021-05-04|title=Systematic status of the rare Himalayan wolf snake Lycodon mackinnoni Wall, 1906 (Serpentes: Colubridae)|url=https://www.biotaxa.org/Zootaxa/article/view/zootaxa.4966.3.3|journal=Zootaxa|language=en|volume=4966|issue=3|pages=305–320|doi=10.11646/zootaxa.4966.3.3|pmid=34186615 |s2cid=235509432 |issn=1175-5334}}</ref>
''Lycodon bicolor'' is restricted to the western Himalayas, ranging from Uttarakhand in [[Place:India|India]] east through Jammu & Kashmir to POK in Pakistan. It was originally described from Mussoorie, but was not found again at its [[Biology:Type|type locality]] for over 112 years until it was rediscovered in 2019 during survey work in Binog Wildlife Sanctuary; these findings were reported in 2021. As Mussoorie is a major tourist destination, ''L. bicolor'' may be threatened by [[Traffic flow|vehicular traffic]], pollution, and other tourism-related activities near the sanctuary; due to this, a detailed status survey and further research into the species are required.<ref name=":0">Wall (1906).</ref><ref>{{Cite journal|last1=Nawani|first1=Swati|last2=Deepak|first2=V.|last3=Gautam|first3=Kumudani Bala|last4=Gupta|first4=Sandeep Kumar|author4-link=species:Sandeep Kumar Gupta|last5=Boruah|first5=Bitupan|author5-link=species:Bitupan Boruah|last6=Das|first6=Abhijit|date=2021-05-04|title=Systematic status of the rare Himalayan wolf snake ''Lycodon mackinnoni'' Wall, 1906 (Serpentes: Colubridae)|url=https://www.biotaxa.org/Zootaxa/article/view/zootaxa.4966.3.3|journal=Zootaxa|language=en|volume=4966|issue=3|pages=305–320|doi=10.11646/zootaxa.4966.3.3|pmid=34186615 |s2cid=235509432 |issn=1175-5334|url-access=subscription}}</ref>


==Description==
==Description==
''L. bicolor'' is a small snake. Adults may attain a total length of {{convert|36.5|cm|in|abbr=on}}, which includes a tail {{convert|6.5|cm|in|abbr=on}} long. Dorsally, it is brown, with a network of white lines. Ventrally, it is uniformly white, or white with brown-edged ventrals. The dorsal scales are smooth, and are arranged in 17 rows at midbody. The anal plate is divided.<ref>Smith MA (1943).</ref>
Adults may attain a total length of {{convert|36.5|cm|in|abbr=on}}, which includes a tail {{convert|6.5|cm|in|abbr=on}} long. Dorsally, it is brown, with a network of white lines. Ventrally, it is uniformly white, or white with brown-edged ventrals. The dorsal scales are smooth, and are arranged in 17 rows at midbody. The anal plate is divided.<ref>Smith MA (1943).</ref>
 
==Habitat==
The preferred natural [[Earth:Habitat|habitat]]s of ''Lycodon bicolor'' are rocky areas and shrubland, at altitudes of {{cvt|1,500|–|2,200|m|ft}}.<ref name=iucn/>


==Reproduction==
==Reproduction==
''L. bicolor'' is [[Biology:Oviparity|oviparous]].<ref name=RDB/>
''Lycodon bicolor'' is [[Biology:Oviparity|oviparous]].<ref name=RDB/>


==References==
==References==
Line 31: Line 32:
==Further reading==
==Further reading==
*Lanza B (1999). "A new species of ''Lycodon'' from the Philippines, with a key to the genus (Reptilia: Serpentes: Colubridae)". ''Tropical Zoology'' '''12''': 89–104.
*Lanza B (1999). "A new species of ''Lycodon'' from the Philippines, with a key to the genus (Reptilia: Serpentes: Colubridae)". ''Tropical Zoology'' '''12''': 89–104.
*{{cite journal |last1=Nikolsky |first1=A. |title=''Sur trois nouvelles espèces de reptiles, recueillis par Mr. N. Zarudny dans la Perse orientale in 1901'' |journal=Annuaire Musée Zoologique de l'Académie Impériale de Sciences de St.-Pétersbourg |date=1903 |volume=8 |pages=95–98}} (''Contia bicolor'', new species). (in French).
*Smith MA (1943). ''The Fauna of British India, Ceylon and Burma, Including the Whole of the Indo-Chinese Sub-region. Reptilia and Amphibia. Vol. III.—Serpentes.'' London: Secretary of State for India. (Taylor and Francis, printers). xii + 583 pp. (''Lycodon mackinnoni'', p.&nbsp;263).
*Smith MA (1943). ''The Fauna of British India, Ceylon and Burma, Including the Whole of the Indo-Chinese Sub-region. Reptilia and Amphibia. Vol. III.—Serpentes.'' London: Secretary of State for India. (Taylor and Francis, printers). xii + 583 pp. (''Lycodon mackinnoni'', p.&nbsp;263).
*Wall F (1906). "A New Himalayan Snake (''Lycodon mackinnoni'' )". ''J. Bombay Nat. Hist. Soc.'' '''17''': 29–30.
*Wall F (1906). "A New Himalayan Snake (''Lycodon mackinnoni'' )". ''Journal of the Bombay Natural History Society'' '''17''': 29–30.
*Wall F (1923). "A Hand-list of the Snakes of the Indian Empire. Part 2". ''J. Bombay Nat. Hist. Soc.'' '''29''' (3): 598–632. (''Ophites mackinnoni'', p.&nbsp;614).
*Wall F (1923). "A Hand-list of the Snakes of the Indian Empire. Part 2". ''J. Bombay Nat. Hist. Soc.'' '''29''' (3): 598–632. (''Ophites mackinnoni'', p.&nbsp;614).


Latest revision as of 07:22, 10 June 2025

Short description: Species of snake

Lycodon bicolor
Two-coloured wolf snake.jpg
Scientific classification
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Domain: Eukaryota
Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Chordata
Class: Reptilia
Order: Squamata
Suborder: Serpentes
Family: Colubridae
Genus: Lycodon
Species:
L. bicolor
Binomial name
Lycodon bicolor
(Nikolsky, 1903)
Synonyms[1]
  • Contia bicolor
    Nikolsky, 1903
  • Lycodon mackinnoni
    Wall, 1906
  • Ophites mackinnoni
    (Wall, 1906)

Lycodon bicolor, commonly known as the two-coloured wolf snake, bicolored wolf snake, golden wolf snake, and Mackinnon's wolf snake, is a species of colubrid snake native to the Western Himalayas.

Distribution

Lycodon bicolor is restricted to the western Himalayas, ranging from Uttarakhand in India east through Jammu & Kashmir to POK in Pakistan. It was originally described from Mussoorie, but was not found again at its type locality for over 112 years until it was rediscovered in 2019 during survey work in Binog Wildlife Sanctuary; these findings were reported in 2021. As Mussoorie is a major tourist destination, L. bicolor may be threatened by vehicular traffic, pollution, and other tourism-related activities near the sanctuary; due to this, a detailed status survey and further research into the species are required.[2][3]

Description

Adults may attain a total length of 36.5 cm (14.4 in), which includes a tail 6.5 cm (2.6 in) long. Dorsally, it is brown, with a network of white lines. Ventrally, it is uniformly white, or white with brown-edged ventrals. The dorsal scales are smooth, and are arranged in 17 rows at midbody. The anal plate is divided.[4]

Habitat

The preferred natural habitats of Lycodon bicolor are rocky areas and shrubland, at altitudes of 1,500–2,200 m (4,900–7,200 ft).[5]

Reproduction

Lycodon bicolor is oviparous.[1]

References

  1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 Species Lycodon bicolor at The Reptile Database . www.reptile-database.org.
  2. ↑ Wall (1906).
  3. ↑ Nawani, Swati; Deepak, V.; Gautam, Kumudani Bala; Gupta, Sandeep Kumar; Boruah, Bitupan; Das, Abhijit (2021-05-04). "Systematic status of the rare Himalayan wolf snake Lycodon mackinnoni Wall, 1906 (Serpentes: Colubridae)" (in en). Zootaxa 4966 (3): 305–320. doi:10.11646/zootaxa.4966.3.3. ISSN 1175-5334. PMID 34186615. https://www.biotaxa.org/Zootaxa/article/view/zootaxa.4966.3.3. 
  4. ↑ Smith MA (1943).
  5. ↑ Cite error: Invalid <ref> tag; no text was provided for refs named iucn

Further reading

  • Lanza B (1999). "A new species of Lycodon from the Philippines, with a key to the genus (Reptilia: Serpentes: Colubridae)". Tropical Zoology 12: 89–104.
  • Nikolsky, A. (1903). "Sur trois nouvelles espèces de reptiles, recueillis par Mr. N. Zarudny dans la Perse orientale in 1901". Annuaire Musée Zoologique de l'Académie Impériale de Sciences de St.-Pétersbourg 8: 95–98.  (Contia bicolor, new species). (in French).
  • Smith MA (1943). The Fauna of British India, Ceylon and Burma, Including the Whole of the Indo-Chinese Sub-region. Reptilia and Amphibia. Vol. III.—Serpentes. London: Secretary of State for India. (Taylor and Francis, printers). xii + 583 pp. (Lycodon mackinnoni, p. 263).
  • Wall F (1906). "A New Himalayan Snake (Lycodon mackinnoni )". Journal of the Bombay Natural History Society 17: 29–30.
  • Wall F (1923). "A Hand-list of the Snakes of the Indian Empire. Part 2". J. Bombay Nat. Hist. Soc. 29 (3): 598–632. (Ophites mackinnoni, p. 614).

Wikidata ☰ Q2712457 entry




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