Medicine:Insight-oriented psychotherapy
Insight-oriented psychotherapy is a category of psychotherapies that rely on conversation between the therapist and the client (or patient).[1][pages needed] Insight-oriented psychotherapy can be an intensive process, wherein the client must spend multiple days per week with the therapist.[1][pages needed]
Overview
Forms of insight-oriented psychotherapy include psychoanalysis and Gestalt therapy.[1][pages needed] Insight oriented psychotherapy places a large emphasis on personal discovery for the patient. Through dedication to trust filled conversations, the patient will go through a process of enlightenment with the therapist. The patient will begin to understand significant life events of theirs as triggers or agents of change for how they live their lives today. [2]
History
The oldest form of insight-oriented psychotherapy was developed by Freud and is known as psychoanalysis.[1][pages needed]
Psychedelic therapy
Some evidence suggests that the process of insight-oriented psychotherapy can be improved by the use of drugs, which can be described as psychedelic drugs (meaning "mind-manifesting").[3] Psychedelic substances, such as the amphetamine MDMA, can be used in psychotherapy to reinforce and enhance the relationship between the healthcare professional and his or her client (or patient).[3] Such substances can be used to better manage abreaction and catharsis and improve the quality of understanding between the healthcare professional and patient.[3]
Numerous clinical papers on the effectiveness of psychedelics in insight-oriented drug therapy have been published.[4][5] These psychedelics were used to treat a wide variety of psychological issues, including "alcoholism, obsessional neurosis, and sociopathy".[6][7] Furthermore, it was found that psychedelics were effective in easing the process of dying patients.[8] A major reason for the clinical interest in psychedelic drugs for psychoanalysis was the belief of some experimental subjects that the experience of using psychedelic medication reduced their feelings of guilt and made them less depressed and anxious and more self-accepting, tolerant, and alert.[3] Eliciting the release of these feelings through ego death can make the transition to acceptance of the patient's situation much easier, thus causing the seeming acceptance or healing that comes with a combination of intensive sessions and varying psychedelics (based on their condition). This sense of comfort and release of confounding factors have been found to cause nominal increases in patients' ability to rationally handle their situations.[citation needed]
Effectiveness
The length of treatment depends on the needs and circumstances of the patient. A time limit may be set to work towards achieving one goal or if more sessions are needed, community therapist may be advised. It can be effective for: mood disorders, anxiety disorders, substance abuse disorders, eating disorders, sexual dysfunctions, adjustment disorders, personality disorders and relational, family or academic problems.[citation needed]
However, the popular treatment methods used can also generate placebo insights within clients.[9] Because patients may face a lot of epistemic pressure[clarification needed] in the therapeutic encounter, they may experience "insights" such as illusions, deception, or adaptive self-misunderstandings—and it can also generate therapeutic artefacts that seem to confirm these insights.[9]
Role of Therapist
The two main roles for the therapist are to stay neutral and abstinent towards their patients. Patients who are engaging with Insight-oriented psychotherapy attempt to build a trust-infused rapport with the therapist. It is believed that patients will be able to speak freely without feeling judgement if they understand that their therapist is not reacting, either positively or negatively towards what the patient is saying. In this way, the therapist is keeping a neutral disposition towards the patient. [10]
Issues
Different treatment options based on other assumptions about certain ameliorative factors in psychotherapy have been affected by this trend towards shorter treatment procedures. Insight-oriented therapies have generally consisted of treatment approaches that share the premise that behavior is disturbed in some manner through a lack of client awareness.
These approaches to treatment include client-centered psychotherapy which focuses upon special conditions in the therapeutic relationship; existential psychotherapy with its focus upon anxiety of death, as well as philosophical questions regarding the meaning of life; and, the revamp of an interpersonal psychotherapy strategy stemming from its original Sullivanian conception.[citation needed] Many problems have emerged in clinical treatment settings, in large part due to time limitations, as well as the restricted, minimal focus placed upon each of the above types of treatment.[11]
Insight-oriented psychotherapy is also used often and in conjunction with medication for treating depression. However, it is less suited for the afflicted individual who is especially emotional/sensitive, has little self-awareness, and is dealing with a major life problem.[citation needed]
Example Case Studies of Insight-Oriented Psychotherapy
In one example of insight-oriented psychotherapy, a nearly middle aged woman was having difficulty with her cancer treatment. The treatments themselves were not the issue. The issue was that this cancer patient was confusing her past, tumultuous relationships with her current ones. Specifically speaking, with the doctors who were supposed to be treating her. "Associations to the follow-up pelvic exams and second-look surgery (which was negative) reminded her of her father's violation and denigration of women. She felt as though she was subjecting herself to yet another uncaring man who was out to hurt and humiliate a woman." It was ultimately these realizations that the patient came to in her insight-oriented sessions that allowed her to continue her cancer treatment. [12]
References
- ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 1.3 Carlson, Heth (2007). Psychology: The Science of Behavior.[full citation needed]
- ↑ Al-Shawi, Hakam (April 2006). "Human Studies". Psychotherapy's Insight Values: Insight or Absorption? 29 (2): 159–179. http://www.jstor.org/stable/27642745.
- ↑ 3.0 3.1 3.2 3.3 Grinspoon, L., & Doblin, R. (2001). Psychedelics as catalysts of insight-oriented psychotherapy. Social Research, 68(3), 677-695. JSTOR 40971906
- ↑ Abramson, H. A., ed. (1967). The Use of LSD in Psychotherapy and Alcoholism.[full citation needed]
- ↑ DeBold, R. C., and Russell C. Leaf, eds. (1967). LSD, Man, and Society.[full citation needed]
- ↑ Shagass, C., and R. M. Bittle. (1967) Therapeutic Effects of LSD: A Follow-up Study. Journal of Nervous and Mental Disease 144: 471-78
- ↑ Savage, C., D.Jackson, and J. Terrill.(1962) LSD, Transcendence, and the New Beginning. Journal of Nervous and Mental Disease 135: 425-39
- ↑ Grof, S., et al. (1973) LSD-assisted Psychotherapy in Patients with Terminal Cancer. International Pharmacopsychiatry 8: 129-41
- ↑ 9.0 9.1 Jopling, David A. (2001). "Placebo Insight: The Rationality of Insight-Oriented Psychotherapy". Journal of Clinical Psychology 57 (1): 19–36. doi:10.1002/1097-4679(200101)57:1<19::AID-JCLP4>3.0.CO;2-Z. PMID 11211284.
- ↑ Wyszynski, Antoinette (1990). "Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics". Managing Noncompliance in the "Difficult" Medical Patient: The Contributions of Insight 54 (4): 181–186. http://www.jstor.org/stable/45113870. Retrieved 3 August 2020.
- ↑ Scaturo, Douglas (September 2002). "Fundamental Dilemmas in Contemporary Psychodynamic and Insight-Oriented Psychotherapy". Journal of Contemporary Psychotherapy 32 (2): 145–165. doi:10.1023/A:1020540909172.
- ↑ Wysnzsky, Antoinette (1990). "Managing Noncompliance in the 'Difficult' Medical Patient: The Contributions of Insight: A Case Report". Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics 54 (4): 181–186. doi:10.1159/000288393. PMID 2100010. http://www.jstor.org/stable/45113870.
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