Biology:Granulysin
Granulysin is a substance released by cytotoxic T cells (CD8) and natural killer cells (NK cell) when they are attached to infected body cells. It functions to create holes in the target cell membrane and destroy it. Granulysin is able to induce apoptosis in target cells and also has antimicrobial action.[1] Granulysin is a cytolytic and proinflammatory molecule first identified by subtractive hybridization during a search for genes expressed by human cytotoxic T lymphocytes 3–5 days after their activation. It is expressed in cytolytic granules with perforin, a pore forming protein, and granzymes that are also involved in cytolysis. Granulysin is broadly antimicrobial, killing microbes that cause, for example, tuberculosis and malaria, and can destroy some tumors. A series of peptides generated from the amino acid sequence of granulysin are potential antibiotics.
Granulysin has recently been implicated in the development of Stevens-Johnson Syndrome.
References
- ^ Janeway, Charles (2005). Immunobiology: the immune system in health and disease (6th ed.). New York: Garland Science. ISBN 0-8153-4101-6.
- Krista Conger. Grant to fund research into preventing bioterrorism, Stanford Report, November 12, 2003.
- "An antimicrobial activity of cytolytic T cells mediated by granulysin". Science 282 (5386): 121–5. October 1998. doi:10.1126/science.282.5386.121. PMID 9756476. http://www.sciencemag.org/cgi/pmidlookup?view=long&pmid=9756476.
- "Processing, subcellular localization, and function of 519 (granulysin), a human late T cell activation molecule with homology to small, lytic, granule proteins". J. Immunol. 158 (6): 2680–8. March 1997. PMID 9058801. http://www.jimmunol.org/cgi/pmidlookup?view=long&pmid=9058801.
- "Granulysin: a novel host defense molecule". Am. J. Transplant. 5 (8): 1789–92. August 2005. doi:10.1111/j.1600-6143.2005.00970.x. PMID 15996224. http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/resolve/openurl?genre=article&sid=nlm:pubmed&issn=1600-6135&date=2005&volume=5&issue=8&spage=1789.
- Walch, Michael; Dotiwala, Farokh; Mulik, Sachin; Thiery, Jerome; Kirchhausen, Tomas; Clayberger, Carol; Krensky, Alan M.; Martinvalet, Denis et al. (June 2014). "Cytotoxic Cells Kill Intracellular Bacteria through Granulysin-Mediated Delivery of Granzymes". Cell 157 (6): 1309–1323. doi:10.1016/j.cell.2014.03.062.
- "In vitro and in vivo antimicrobial activity of granulysin-derived peptides against Vibrio cholerae". J. Antimicrob. Chemother. 61 (5): 1103–9. May 2008. doi:10.1093/jac/dkn058. PMID 18310138. PMC 2664651. http://jac.oxfordjournals.org/cgi/pmidlookup?view=long&pmid=18310138.
- "Granulysin is a key mediator for disseminated keratinocyte death in Stevens-Johnson syndrome and toxic epidermal necrolysis". Nat. Med. 14 (12): 1343–50. Dec 2008. doi:10.1038/nm.1884.
 |
