Biology:Common collared lizard
| Common collared lizard | |
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| A male common collared lizard in Taum Sauk Mountain State Park, Missouri | |
Scientific classification 
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| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Chordata |
| Class: | Reptilia |
| Order: | Squamata |
| Suborder: | Iguania |
| Family: | Crotaphytidae |
| Genus: | Crotaphytus |
| Species: | C. collaris
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| Binomial name | |
| Crotaphytus collaris (Say, 1823)
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| Synonyms[2] | |
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The common collared lizard (Crotaphytus collaris), also commonly called eastern collared lizard,[3] Oklahoma collared lizard, yellow-headed collared lizard, and collared lizard, is a North American species of lizard in the family Crotaphytidae. The common name "collared lizard" comes from the lizard's distinct coloration, which includes bands of black around the neck and shoulders that look like a collar. Males can be very colorful, with blue green bodies, yellow stripes on the tail and back, and yellow orange throats. There are five recognized subspecies.
Description
C. collaris can grow to 8–15 in (20–38 cm) in total length (including the tail), with a large head and powerful jaws. Males have a blue-green body with a light brown head. Females have a light brown head and body.
Geographic range and habitat
C. collaris is chiefly found in dry, open regions of Mexico and the south-central United States including Arizona, Arkansas, Colorado, Kansas , Missouri, New Mexico, Oklahoma, and Texas . The full extent of its habitat in the United States ranges from the Ozark Mountains to Western Arizona.
Cultural Impact
The collared lizard is the state reptile of Oklahoma, where it is known as the mountain boomer. The origin of the name "mountain boomer" is not clear, but it may be traceable to settlers traveling west during the Gold Rush. One theory is that settlers mistook the sound of wind in canyons for the call of an animal in an area where the collared lizard was abundant. In reality, collared lizards are silent.[citation needed]
Behavior
Like many other lizards, including the frilled lizard and basilisk, the collared lizard can run on its hind legs, and is a relatively fast sprinter. Record speeds have been around 16 miles per hour (26 km/h), much slower than the world record for lizards (21.5 mph or 34.6 km/h) attained by the larger-bodied Costa Rican spiny-tailed iguana, Ctenosaura similis.
The collared lizard in the wild has been the subject of a number of studies of sexual selection. In captivity if two males are placed in the same cage they will fight to the death.
Subspecies
Five subspecies are recognized as being valid, including the nominotypical subspecies.[2]
- Crotaphytus collaris auriceps Fitch & W. Tanner, 1951
- Crotaphytus collaris baileyi Stejneger, 1890
- Crotaphytus collaris collaris (Say, 1823)
- Crotaphytus collaris fuscus W. Ingram & W. Tanner, 1971
- Crotaphytus collaris melanomaculatus Axtell & Webb, 1995
Nota bene: A trinomial authority in parentheses indicates that the subspecies was originally described in a genus other than Crotaphytus.
Etymology
The subspecific name, baileyi, is in honor of American mammalogist Vernon Orlando Bailey.[4]
Gallery
Eastern collared lizard (Crotaphytus collaris melanomaculatus), sub-adult photographed in situ, municipality of Miquihuana, Tamaulipas, Mexico (19 September 2007)
Male collared lizard, with blue-green body and yellow-brown head, at the Wichita Mountains Wildlife Refuge near Lawton, Oklahoma
References
- ↑ Hammerson GA, Lavin P, Vazquez Díaz J, Quintero Díaz G, Gadsden H (2007). "Crotaphytus collaris ". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2007: e.T64007A12734318. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2007.RLTS.T64007A12734318.en. https://www.iucnredlist.org/species/64007/12734318. Retrieved 22 March 2021.
- ↑ 2.0 2.1 "Crotaphytus collaris (Say, 1823)". The Reptile Database. http://reptile-database.reptarium.cz/species?genus=Crotaphytus&species=collaris&search_param=%28%28taxon%3D%27Crotaphytidae%27%29%29. Retrieved 2012-02-16.
- ↑ Stebbins RC (2003). A Field Guide to Western Reptiles and Amphibians, Third Edition. The Peterson Field Guide Series ®. Boston and New York: Houghton Mifflin. xiii + 533 pp. ISBN:0-395-98272-3. (Crotaphytus collaris, pp. 271-272 + Plate 27 + Map 85).
- ↑ Beolens B, Watkins M, Grayson M (2011). The Eponym Dictionary of Reptiles. Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press. xiii + 296 pp. ISBN:978-1-4214-0135-5. (Crotaphytus collaris baileyi, p. 14).
External links
- Bonine, K. E.; Garland, Jr., T. (1999). "Sprint performance of phrynosomatid lizards, measured on a high-speed treadmill, correlates with hindlimb length". Journal of Zoology (London) 248 (2): 255–265. doi:10.1111/j.1469-7998.1999.tb01201.x. http://www.biology.ucr.edu/people/faculty/Garland/BonGar99.pdf.
- Garland, Jr., T. (1984). "Physiological correlates of locomotory performance in a lizard: an allometric approach". Am. J. Physiol. 247 (Regulatory Integrative Comp. Physiol. 16): R806–R815. http://www.biology.ucr.edu/people/faculty/Garland/Garl1984.pdf.
- Husak, J. F.; Fox, S. F. (2006). "Field use of maximal sprint speed by collared lizards (Crotaphytus collaris): compensation and sexual selection". Evolution 60 (9): 1888–1895. doi:10.1111/j.0014-3820.2006.tb00532.x. PMID 17089973.
- Husak, J. F.; Fox, S. F.; Lovern, M. B.; Van Den Bussche, R. A. (2006). "Faster lizards sire more offspring: sexual selection on whole-animal performance". Evolution 60 (10): 2122–2130. doi:10.1111/j.0014-3820.2006.tb01849.x. PMID 17133868.
- Lappin, A. K.; Brandt, Y.; Husak, J. F.; Macedonia, J. M.; Kemp, D. J. (2005). "Gaping displays reveal and amplify a mechanically based index of weapon performance". American Naturalist 168 (1): 100–113. doi:10.1086/505161. PMID 16874617. http://www.researchonline.mq.edu.au/vital/access/services/Download/mq:9215/DS01.
- Snyder, R. C. (1962). "Adaptations for bipedal locomotion of lizards". Am. Zool. 2 (2): 191–203. doi:10.1093/icb/2.2.191.
Further reading
- Axtell RW, Webb RG (1995). "Two new Crotaphytus from southern Coahuila and the adjacent states of east-central Mexico". Bulletin of the Chicago Academy of Sciences 16 (2): 1–15. (Crotaphytus collaris melanomaculatus, new subspecies).
- Drake, E. C. (1999). Information on the Collared Lizard.
- Fitch HS, Tanner WW (1951). "Remarks Concerning the Systematics of the Collared Lizard, (Crotaphytus collaris), with a Description of a New Subspecies". Transactions of the Kansas Academy of Science 54 (4): 548–559. (Crotaphytus collaris auriceps, new subspecies).
- Ingram W, Tanner WW (1971). "A taxonomic study of Crotaphytus collaris between the Rio Grande and Colorado Rivers". Brigham Young University Science Bulletin 13 (2): 1–29. (Crotaphytus collaris fuscus, new subspecies).
- Powell R, Conant R, Collins JT (2016). Peterson Field Guide to Reptiles and Amphibians of Eastern and Central North America, Fourth Edition. Boston and New York: Houghton Mifflin Harcourt. 494 pp., 47 plates, 207 figures. ISBN:978-0-544-12997-9. (Crotaphytus collaris, pp. 276–277, Figure 132 + Plate 24).
- Say T (1823). In: James E (1823). Account of an Expedition from Pittsburgh to the Rocky Mountains, Performed in the Years 1819 and '20, by order of the Hon. J.C. Calhoun, Sec'y of War: Under the Command of Major Stephen H. Long. From the Notes of Major Long, Mr. T. Say, and other Gentlemen of the Exploring Party. Vol. II. Philadelphia: H.C. Carey and I. Lea. 442 pp. (Agama collaris, new species, p. 252).
- Smith HM, Brodie ED Jr (1982). Reptiles of North America: A Guide to Field Identification. New York: Golden Press. 240 pp. ISBN:0-307-13666-3 (paperback), ISBN:0-307-47009-1 (hardcover). (Crotaphytus collaris, pp. 106–107).
- Stejneger L (1890). "Annotated List of Reptiles and Batrachians Collected by Dr. C. Hart Merriam and Vernon Bailey on the San Francisco Mountain Plateau and Desert of the Little Colorado, Arizona, with Descriptions of New Species". North American Fauna (3): 103–118. (Crotaphytus baileyi, new species, pp. 103–105 + Plate XII, figure 1).).
Wikidata ☰ Q912320 entry
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