Physics:Rosiwal scale
The Rosiwal scale is a hardness scale in mineralogy, with its name given in memory of the Austrian geologist August Karl Rosiwal. The Rosiwal scale attempts to give more quantitative values of scratch hardness, unlike the Mohs scale which is a qualitative measurement with relative values.
The Rosiwal method (also called the Delesse-Rosiwal method[1]) is a method of petrographic analysis and is performed by scratching a polished surface under a known load using a scratch-tip with a known geometry. The hardness is calculated by finding the volume of removed material, but this measurement can be difficult and must sample a large enough number of grain in order to have statistical significance.[2]
Rosiwal scale values
| Mohs | Mineral | Rosiwal hardness |
|---|---|---|
| 1 | Talc | 0.03 |
| 2 | Gypsum | 1.25 |
| 3 | Calcite | 4.5 |
| 4 | Fluorite | 5 |
| 5 | Apatite | 5.5 |
| 6 | Feldspar | 37 |
| 7 | Quartz | 100 |
| 8 | Topaz | 175 |
| 9 | Corundum | 1,000 |
| 10 | Diamond | 140,000 |
Measures the scratch hardness of a mineral expressed on a quantitative scale. These measurements must be performed in a laboratory, since the surfaces must be flat and smooth. The base value of the Rosiwal scale is defined as corundum set to 1000 (unitless).
See also
- Hardness
- August Karl Rosiwal
- Friedrich Mohs
References
- ↑ Williams Postel, A.; Lufkin, H. M. (May 1942). "Additional Data on the Delesse-Rosiwal Method". The American Mineralogist 27 (5): 335–343. http://www.minsocam.org/ammin/AM27/AM27_335.pdf.
- ↑ Larsen, Esper S.; Miller, Franklin S. (April 1935). "The Rosiwal Method and the Modal Determination of Rocks". The American Mineralogist 20 (4): 260–273. http://www.minsocam.org/ammin/AM20/AM20_260.pdf.
Bibliography
- The Great Encyclopedia of minerals 451 photographs, 520 pages 20'5 x 29'2 cm. Original: Artia, Prague 1986 Catalan version: Editorial Susaeta SA 1989, ISBN:978-84-30515-85-1 (printed in Czechoslovakia)
- Accurate mineralogy. De Lapparent, A .: 1965 Paris
- Minerals and study how to Them. Dana L. Hurlbut, S .: New York 1949
- Schöne und seltene Mineral. Hofmann and F. Karpinski, J .: 1980 Leipzig
- CORDUANT, William S. "The Hardness of Minerals and Rocks". Lapidary Digest c. 1990.
External links
- hardness minerals
- Geotopo XXI:Description of program content
- hardness and toughness
- Glossary of technical mining
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