Biology:YWHAQ
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Short description: Protein-coding gene in the species Homo sapiens
 Generic protein structure example |
14-3-3 protein theta is a protein that in humans is encoded by the YWHAQ gene.[1]
Function
This gene product belongs to the 14-3-3 family of proteins that mediate signal transduction by binding to phosphoserine-containing proteins. This highly conserved protein family is found in both plants and mammals, and this protein is 99% identical to the mouse and rat orthologs. This gene is upregulated in patients with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. It contains in its 5' UTR a 6 bp tandem repeat sequence that is polymorphic; however, there is no correlation between the repeat number and the disease.[2]
Interactions
YWHAQ has been shown to interact with:
- BAX,[3]
- BAD,[4][5]
- C-Raf,[6][7][8][9]
- CRTC2,[10][6]
- CBL[9][11]
- HDAC5,[12]
- MEF2D,[13]
- NRIP1,[14]
- PFKFB2,[15]
- PRKD1,[16][17]
- PRKCZ,[8]
- TERT,[18] and
- UCP3.[19]
References
- ↑ "A 14-3-3 mRNA is up-regulated in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis spinal cord". J Neurochem 75 (6): 2511–20. November 2000. doi:10.1046/j.1471-4159.2000.0752511.x. PMID 11080204.
- ↑ "Entrez Gene: YWHAQ tyrosine 3-monooxygenase/tryptophan 5-monooxygenase activation protein, theta polypeptide". https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/sites/entrez?Db=gene&Cmd=ShowDetailView&TermToSearch=10971.
- ↑ "14-3-3 Interacts directly with and negatively regulates pro-apoptotic Bax". J. Biol. Chem. 278 (3): 2058–65. January 2003. doi:10.1074/jbc.M207880200. PMID 12426317.
- ↑ "Differential targeting of prosurvival Bcl-2 proteins by their BH3-only ligands allows complementary apoptotic function". Mol. Cell 17 (3): 393–403. February 2005. doi:10.1016/j.molcel.2004.12.030. PMID 15694340.
- ↑ "Interference of BAD (Bcl-xL/Bcl-2-associated death promoter)-induced apoptosis in mammalian cells by 14-3-3 isoforms and P11". Mol. Endocrinol. 11 (12): 1858–67. November 1997. doi:10.1210/mend.11.12.0023. PMID 9369453.
- ↑ 6.0 6.1 "Large-scale mapping of human protein-protein interactions by mass spectrometry". Mol. Syst. Biol. 3 (1): 89. 2007. doi:10.1038/msb4100134. PMID 17353931.
- ↑ "Mechanism of suppression of the Raf/MEK/extracellular signal-regulated kinase pathway by the raf kinase inhibitor protein". Mol. Cell. Biol. 20 (9): 3079–85. May 2000. doi:10.1128/MCB.20.9.3079-3085.2000. PMID 10757792.
- ↑ 8.0 8.1 "14-3-3 isotypes facilitate coupling of protein kinase C-zeta to Raf-1: negative regulation by 14-3-3 phosphorylation". Biochem. J. 345 (2): 297–306. January 2000. doi:10.1042/0264-6021:3450297. PMID 10620507.
- ↑ 9.0 9.1 "Activation-modulated association of 14-3-3 proteins with Cbl in T cells". J. Biol. Chem. 271 (24): 14591–5. June 1996. doi:10.1074/jbc.271.24.14591. PMID 8663231.
- ↑ "The CREB coactivator TORC2 functions as a calcium- and cAMP-sensitive coincidence detector". Cell 119 (1): 61–74. October 2004. doi:10.1016/j.cell.2004.09.015. PMID 15454081.
- ↑ "Regulation of Cbl molecular interactions by the co-receptor molecule CD43 in human T cells". J. Biol. Chem. 276 (1): 729–37. January 2001. doi:10.1074/jbc.M008494200. PMID 11024037.
- ↑ "Protein kinases C and D mediate agonist-dependent cardiac hypertrophy through nuclear export of histone deacetylase 5". Mol. Cell. Biol. 24 (19): 8374–85. October 2004. doi:10.1128/MCB.24.19.8374-8385.2004. PMID 15367659.
- ↑ "14-3-3tau associates with and activates the MEF2D transcription factor during muscle cell differentiation". Nucleic Acids Res. 29 (13): 2836–42. July 2001. doi:10.1093/nar/29.13.2836. PMID 11433030.
- ↑ "Regulation of glucocorticoid receptor activity by 14--3-3-dependent intracellular relocalization of the corepressor RIP140". Mol. Endocrinol. 15 (4): 501–11. April 2001. doi:10.1210/mend.15.4.0624. PMID 11266503.
- ↑ "14-3-3s regulate fructose-2,6-bisphosphate levels by binding to PKB-phosphorylated cardiac fructose-2,6-bisphosphate kinase/phosphatase". EMBO J. 22 (14): 3514–23. July 2003. doi:10.1093/emboj/cdg363. PMID 12853467.
- ↑ "Protein kinase C [micro] is regulated by the multifunctional chaperon protein p32". J. Biol. Chem. 275 (32): 24601–7. August 2000. doi:10.1074/jbc.M002964200. PMID 10831594.
- ↑ "Protein kinase C mu is negatively regulated by 14-3-3 signal transduction proteins". J. Biol. Chem. 274 (14): 9258–64. April 1999. doi:10.1074/jbc.274.14.9258. PMID 10092600.
- ↑ "Involvement of 14-3-3 proteins in nuclear localization of telomerase". EMBO J. 19 (11): 2652–61. June 2000. doi:10.1093/emboj/19.11.2652. PMID 10835362.
- ↑ "Uncoupling proteins 2 and 3 interact with members of the 14.3.3 family". Eur. J. Biochem. 267 (9): 2680–7. May 2000. doi:10.1046/j.1432-1327.2000.01285.x. PMID 10785390.
Further reading
- "Human immunodeficiency virus type-1 accessory protein Vpr: a causative agent of the AIDS-related insulin resistance/lipodystrophy syndrome?". Ann. N. Y. Acad. Sci. 1024 (1): 153–67. 2004. doi:10.1196/annals.1321.013. PMID 15265780. Bibcode: 2004NYASA1024..153K. https://zenodo.org/record/1235880.
- "New insights into potential functions for the protein 4.1 superfamily of proteins in kidney epithelium.". Front. Biosci. 11: 1646–66. 2006. doi:10.2741/1911. PMID 16368544. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc892527/.
- Nielsen PJ (1991). "Primary structure of a human protein kinase regulator protein.". Biochim. Biophys. Acta 1088 (3): 425–8. doi:10.1016/0167-4781(91)90136-a. PMID 2015305.
- "Inhibition of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase activity by association with 14-3-3 proteins in T cells.". Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 92 (22): 10142–6. 1995. doi:10.1073/pnas.92.22.10142. PMID 7479742. Bibcode: 1995PNAS...9210142B.
- "Structure of a 14-3-3 protein and implications for coordination of multiple signalling pathways.". Nature 376 (6536): 188–91. 1995. doi:10.1038/376188a0. PMID 7603573. Bibcode: 1995Natur.376..188X.
- "Molecular cloning and expression of the transformation sensitive epithelial marker stratifin. A member of a protein family that has been involved in the protein kinase C signalling pathway.". J. Mol. Biol. 231 (4): 982–98. 1993. doi:10.1006/jmbi.1993.1346. PMID 8515476.
- "A "double adaptor" method for improved shotgun library construction.". Anal. Biochem. 236 (1): 107–13. 1996. doi:10.1006/abio.1996.0138. PMID 8619474.
- "Activation-modulated association of 14-3-3 proteins with Cbl in T cells.". J. Biol. Chem. 271 (24): 14591–5. 1996. doi:10.1074/jbc.271.24.14591. PMID 8663231.
- "Identification of signalling proteins interacting with B-Raf in the yeast two-hybrid system.". Oncogene 12 (10): 2213–21. 1996. PMID 8668348.
- "Serine phosphorylation of death agonist BAD in response to survival factor results in binding to 14-3-3 not BCL-X(L)". Cell 87 (4): 619–28. 1997. doi:10.1016/S0092-8674(00)81382-3. PMID 8929531.
- "HAX-1, a novel intracellular protein, localized on mitochondria, directly associates with HS1, a substrate of Src family tyrosine kinases.". J. Immunol. 158 (6): 2736–44. 1997. doi:10.4049/jimmunol.158.6.2736. PMID 9058808.
- "Large-scale concatenation cDNA sequencing.". Genome Res. 7 (4): 353–8. 1997. doi:10.1101/gr.7.4.353. PMID 9110174.
- "14-3-3 is phosphorylated by casein kinase I on residue 233. Phosphorylation at this site in vivo regulates Raf/14-3-3 interaction.". J. Biol. Chem. 272 (46): 28882–8. 1997. doi:10.1074/jbc.272.46.28882. PMID 9360956.
- "Interference of BAD (Bcl-xL/Bcl-2-associated death promoter)-induced apoptosis in mammalian cells by 14-3-3 isoforms and P11.". Mol. Endocrinol. 11 (12): 1858–67. 1997. doi:10.1210/mend.11.12.0023. PMID 9369453.
- "Molecular features underlying the sequential phosphorylation of HS1 protein and its association with c-Fgr protein-tyrosine kinase.". J. Biol. Chem. 274 (11): 7557–64. 1999. doi:10.1074/jbc.274.11.7557. PMID 10066823.
- "Protein kinase C mu is negatively regulated by 14-3-3 signal transduction proteins.". J. Biol. Chem. 274 (14): 9258–64. 1999. doi:10.1074/jbc.274.14.9258. PMID 10092600.
- "Phosphorylation-dependent association of the Ras-related GTP-binding protein Rem with 14-3-3 proteins.". Arch. Biochem. Biophys. 368 (2): 401–12. 1999. doi:10.1006/abbi.1999.1316. PMID 10441394.
- "Integration of calcium and cyclic AMP signaling pathways by 14-3-3.". Mol. Cell. Biol. 20 (2): 702–12. 2000. doi:10.1128/MCB.20.2.702-712.2000. PMID 10611249.
- "14-3-3tau associates with a translational control factor FKBP12-rapamycin-associated protein in T-cells after stimulation by pervanadate.". FEBS Lett. 467 (1): 61–4. 2000. doi:10.1016/S0014-5793(00)01126-1. PMID 10664457.
- "Specific interaction between 14-3-3 isoforms and the human CDC25B phosphatase.". Oncogene 19 (10): 1257–65. 2000. doi:10.1038/sj.onc.1203419. PMID 10713667.
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