Biology:Trillium texanum
| Trillium texanum | |
|---|---|
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| Miller County, Arkansas (21 March) | |
Scientific classification 
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| Kingdom: | Plantae |
| Clade: | Tracheophytes |
| Clade: | Angiosperms |
| Clade: | Monocots |
| Order: | Liliales |
| Family: | Melanthiaceae |
| Genus: | Trillium |
| Species: | T. texanum
|
| Binomial name | |
| Trillium texanum Buckley[3]
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| Synonyms[4] | |
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Synonymy
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Trillium texanum, the Texas trillium or Texas wakerobin, is a species of flowering plant in the family Melanthiaceae. It is found in east Texas , extreme southwestern Arkansas, and extreme northwestern Louisiana. Due to its limited range, it is designated as a vulnerable species.
Description
Trillium texanum is a perennial herbaceous plant that flowers from March to early mid-April, with white flower petals.[5]
Taxonomy
Trillium texanum was first described by Samuel Botsford Buckley in 1861.[3] Its type specimen was collected in Panola County, Texas,[6] but that specimen is now lost.[7] The specific epithet texanum refers to the U.S. state of Texas , its primary location.
(As of April 2023), the name Trillium texanum Buckley is widely recognized,[1][2][4][8] but a few authorities regard it as a variety of Trillium pusillum, either T. pusillum var. texanum or T. pusillum var. pusillum.[9][10] The taxon is a member of the Catesbaei group (Trillium subgen. Delostylis), a group of pedicellate-flowered trilliums that includes Trillium catesbaei.
Distribution and habitat
Trillium texanum is found primarily in east Texas ,[11] hence the common name Texas trillium. It also occurs in extreme southwestern Arkansas and extreme northwestern Louisiana.[1] It typically grows in forested wetland habitat.[5]
Conservation
(As of April 2023), the global conservation status of Trillium texanum is listed as vulnerable by both NatureServe and IUCN.[1][2] It is critically imperiled in both Arkansas and Louisiana.[12] It is under review by the U.S. Fish & Wildlife Service.[13]
References
- ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 1.3 "Trillium texanum". NatureServe Explorer. NatureServe. https://explorer.natureserve.org/Taxon/ELEMENT_GLOBAL.2.130896/Trillium_texanum. Retrieved 16 November 2021.
- ↑ 2.0 2.1 2.2 "Texas Trillium (Trillium texanum)". The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species, Version 2022-2. https://www.iucnredlist.org/species/146088572/146089325.
- ↑ 3.0 3.1 "Trillium texanum Buckley". International Plant Names Index (IPNI). Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. https://www.ipni.org/n/258395-2.
- ↑ 4.0 4.1 "Trillium texanum Buckley" (in en). Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. http://www.plantsoftheworldonline.org/taxon/258395-2.
- ↑ 5.0 5.1 Philipps, Thomas C.. "Texas Wakerobin (Trillium texanum)". United States Forest Service. https://www.fs.usda.gov/wildflowers/plant-of-the-week/trillium_texanum.shtml.
- ↑ Buckley, S. B. (1861). "Description of Several New Species of Plants". Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila. 12: 443. https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/1801384#page/449/mode/1up. Retrieved 7 October 2019.
- ↑ Strong & Williamson (2015), p. 169.
- ↑ "Trillium texanum". Natural Resources Conservation Service PLANTS Database. USDA. https://plants.usda.gov/core/profile?symbol=TRTE3. Retrieved 9 October 2019.
- ↑ Case Jr., Frederick W. (2002), "Trillium pusillum var. pusillum", in Flora of North America Editorial Committee, Flora of North America North of Mexico (FNA), 26, New York and Oxford, http://www.efloras.org/florataxon.aspx?flora_id=1&taxon_id=242102314, retrieved 5 April 2023
- ↑ Reveal, J. L.; Broome, C. R. (1981). "Minor nomenclatural and distributional notes on Maryland vascular plants with comments on the state's proposed endangered and threatened species". Castanea 46 (1): 50–82.
- ↑ "Trillium texanum", County-level distribution map from the North American Plant Atlas (NAPA) (Biota of North America Program (BONAP)), 2014, http://bonap.net/MapGallery/County/Trillium%20texanum.png, retrieved 7 October 2019
- ↑ "Trillium texanum – Texas trillium". https://www.wlf.louisiana.gov/assets/Resources/Publications/Rare_Plant_Species_Fact_Sheets/Monocotyledons/texas_trillium_fact_sheet.pdf. Retrieved 27 March 2020.
- ↑ "Species Profile for Texas trillium (Trillium pusillum texanum)". U.S. Fish & Wildlife Service. https://ecos.fws.gov/ecp/species/712.
Bibliography
- Middleton, Beth; Williams, Casey R.; Doffitt, Chris; Johnson, Darren (2022). "Effects of shading on the rare plant species, Physostegia correllii (Lamiaceae) and Trillium texanum (Melanthiaceae)". Journal of the Botanical Research Institute of Texas 16 (2): 591–603. doi:10.17348/jbrit.v16.i2.1270.
- Strong, Anna; Williamson, Paula (28 August 2015). "Data synthesis and species assessments to aid in determining future candidate or listed status for plants from the USFWS lawsuit settlements". Texas Parks & Wildlife. https://tpwd.texas.gov/business/grants/wildlife/section-6/docs/plants/tx-e-146-r-final-performance-report.pdf.
External links
Wikidata ☰ Q21307440 entry
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