Chemistry:Perfluoropolyether
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PFPE
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Except where otherwise noted, data are given for materials in their standard state (at 25 °C [77 °F], 100 kPa). | |
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Perfluoropolyether (PFPE) is a type of synthetic liquid lubricant that has been used in the aerospace industry for over 30 years.[2] The main properties of PFPE are being temperature resistant between −58 °C (215 K) and 257 °C (530 K) (depending on specific composites), having very low outgassing compared to other fluids (vapour pressure of 6×10−8 Torr) and having a dielectric strength of around 15.7 MV/m.[3]
Perfluoropolyether consists of a polymer chain in which monomers consisting of perfluoro-alkyl groups are joined by ether linkages. The bonds between carbon and oxygen or fluorine are strong.[4] Perfluoropolyethers are a type of PFAS.[5]
The thermal and chemical stability of PFPE along with a vapor–liquid equilibrium of 230 °C when mixed with the right composites make it a suitable candidate for vapor phase soldering technologies.[6]
History
Perfluoropolyether was developed in the early 1960s for the United States Air Force , who needed a lubricant that would not react with liquid or gaseous oxygen (O2).[7]
Manufacture
Perfluoropolyether can be synthesized from tetrafluoroethylene or hexafluoropropylene.[4]
Properties
PFPE is chemically inert to many acids and oxidants (like fuming sulfuric acid (oleum, SO3), chlorine gas, oxygen) and solvents, etc..
PFPE is non-toxic under normal conditions, nonflammable, and exhibit unusually high load carry capabilities.[7][1](p275) PFPE can withstand gamma ray degradation.[7]
Electrical resistivity is 1014 ohm/cm (20 °C (68 °F))[7]
Applications
Generally PFPE may be used as lubricant in all sorts of bearing, plug valves, gaskets, chains, and joint bearing applications, where oxygen inertness of a material is a requirement.[7][1] Examples include aircraft fuel systems, mechanical components of devices used in airspace, deep space or high vacuum and at cryogenic temperatures.[7]
PFPE may be used in mold release agent for plastic injection molding.[7]
As top coating lubricant on computer disc drives and Scanning Electron Microscope[7][1]:275
As anti-galling compounds.[7]
As fluid medium in ferrofluidic seals.[7]
Semiconductor industry
In the semiconductor industry, PFPE may be used as a vacuum grease or in plasma etching equipment, or for robots used in semiconductor wafer handling, clean rooms, and other commercial environments.[7]
See also
- Krytox, a PFPE-based lubricant
References
- ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 1.3 Ash, Michael (2004). Handbook of green chemicals. Irene Ash (2 ed.). Endicott, NY: Synapse Information Resources. ISBN 978-1-934764-29-9. OCLC 747426845. https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/747426845.
- ↑ Bradley Shogrin (August 1995). "Spontaneous Dewetting of a Perfluoropolyether". National Aeronautics and Space Administration. https://ntrs.nasa.gov/archive/nasa/casi.ntrs.nasa.gov/19950026498.pdf. Retrieved November 29, 2017.
- ↑ "Fomblin® PFPE Lubricants". http://www.solvay.com/en/markets-and-products/featured-products/Fomblin-PFPE-Lubricants.html.
- ↑ 4.0 4.1 Fluorochemie. "Brief Introduction of PFPE Synthesis Methods". Fuzhou Topda New Material Co., Ltd.. https://www.fluorochemie.com/brief-introduction-of-pfpe-synthesis-methods.html. Retrieved June 27, 2022.
- ↑ Kwiatkowski, Carol F.; Andrews, David Q.; Birnbaum, Linda S.; Bruton, Thomas A.; DeWitt, Jamie C.; Knappe, Detlef R. U.; Maffini, Maricel V.; Miller, Mark F. et al. (11 August 2020). "Scientific Basis for Managing PFAS as a Chemical Class". Environmental Science & Technology Letters 7 (8): 532–543. doi:10.1021/acs.estlett.0c00255.
- ↑ "Archived copy". https://www.asscon.de/d/pages/aktuelles/pdf/lead-free%20proc.pdf.
- ↑ 7.00 7.01 7.02 7.03 7.04 7.05 7.06 7.07 7.08 7.09 7.10 "HUSKEY Specialty lubricants". HUSK-ITT Corporation. https://www.huskey.ru/APPLICATIONS%20AND%20BENEFITS%20OF%20PERFLUOROPOLYETHER.pdf.
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