Astronomy:List of coolest exoplanets

From HandWiki
Short description: none

This is a list of the coolest exoplanets known, specifically those with temperatures lower than −75 °C (198 K). Planets from the Solar System were also included for comparison purposes.

Discovered in 2006, OGLE-2005-BLG-390Lb is the coldest known exoplanet, and was nicknamed "Hoth" by NASA in reference to the planet from the Star Wars franchise.[1]

List

This is a dynamic list and may never be able to satisfy particular standards for completeness. You can help by expanding it with reliably sourced entries.
Image

(Or artistic representation)

Name Temperature Mass

(M⊕ or MJ)

Method[lower-alpha 1] Notes References
ESO OGLE-2005-BLG-390Lb.jpg
 OGLE-2005-BLG-390Lb -223 °C (50 K) 000550 5.5 M⊕


Teq The coldest known exoplanet, with a temperature lower than the melting points of oxygen and nitrogen. [lower-alpha 2] [4]
OGLE-2005-BLG-071L b -218 °C 120764 3.8 Jupiter mass


[5]
Artist's impression of pulsar planet B1620-26c.jpg
 PSR B1620-26 b -201.2 °C 079450 2.5 Jupiter mass


One of the oldest exoplanets known, with an age of 12.7 billion years.[note 1] [6]
Neptune Voyager2 color calibrated.png
 Neptune (For reference) -200 °C 001715 17.15 M⊕


[7][8]
Uranus true colour.jpg
 Uranus (For reference) -195 °C 001454 14.54 M⊕


[7][9]
TOI-969 c -176.6+6.8
−5.8 °C 		Teq [10]
Artist’s impression of a Jupiter twin orbiting HIP 11915.jpg
 HIP 11915 b -155 °C 031462 0.99 Jupiter mass


A Jupiter analog. [lower-alpha 3]
GJ 414 A c -148.3±13.5 °C 005383 53.83 M⊕


[11]
HD 191939 f < -148 °C 066738 2.1 Jupiter mass


[12]
Saturn - April 25 2016 (37612580000).png
 Saturn (For reference) -140 °C 009500 95 M⊕


[7][13]
Kepler-167 e -138.6±5 °C 032097 1.01 Jupiter mass


Teq [14]
HD 115954 b -128.1+8.1
−13 °C 		263456 8.29 Jupiter mass


[15]
Gliese 777 Ab (Exoplanete).jpg
 Gliese 777 b -123+26
−27 °C 		057204 1.8 Jupiter mass


[16]
Epsilon Eridani b.jpg
 Epsilon Eridani b (AEgir) -123 °C 020000 0.63 Jupiter mass


[17][18]
HD 164922 b -114 °C 011600 0.365 Jupiter mass


[19][20]
Jupiter and its shrunken Great Red Spot.jpg
 Jupiter (For reference) -110 °C 031780 317.8 M⊕ 
(1 Jupiter mass)
[7][21]
Artist’s impression of WD 1856b (noirlab2023a).jpg
 WD 1856+534 b -110+14
−18 °C 		438564 <13.8 Jupiter mass


Teq [22]
PSR B1257+12 C.jpg
 PSR B1257+12 d (Phobetor) -104 °C 000390 3.9 M⊕


One of the first exoplanets discovered. [23]
HR 5183 b.png
 HR 5183 b -102+5.2
−5.1 °C 		102649 3.23 Jupiter mass


A highly-eccentric orbit planet. [24]
TRAPPIST-1h artist impression 2018.png
 TRAPPIST-1h -101.5 °C 000033 0.326 M⊕


[25]
TOI-4010 e -99+8
−6 °C 		069208 2.18 Jupiter mass


[26]
HATS-59 c -97.1±6.4 °C 403606 12.7 Jupiter mass


[27]
HD 86226 b -97±4 °C 014301 0.45 Jupiter mass


[28]
Gliese 1002 c -91.3±5.2 °C[lower-alpha 4] 000136 1.36 M⊕


Orbits within its star's habitable zone. [29]
EPIC 248847494 b -90+25
−18 °C 		413140 <13 Jupiter mass


[30]
Kepler-421b -88.2+8.6
−4.8 °C 		The transiting exoplanet with the longest orbital period. (704 days)[31] [32]
HD 192310 c -88 °C 002400 24 M⊕


[33]
Kepler-16b.jpg
 Kepler-16b -85 °C 010582 0.333 Jupiter mass


A circumbinary planet. [34]
Kepler186f-ArtistConcept-20140417.jpg
 Kepler-186f -85 °C[lower-alpha 5] 000144 1.44 M⊕


Potentially habitable [35][36]
TOI-4600 c -82±6 °C 294600 <9.27 Jupiter mass


[37]
PSR B1257+12 B.jpg
 PSR B1257+12 c (Poltergeist) -80 °C 000430 4.3 M⊕


One of the first exoplanets discovered. [38]
Gliese-876 b.png
 Gliese 876 b -79 °C 083564 2.66 Jupiter mass


[39][40]
TRAPPIST-1g -75.8 °C 000132 1.321 M⊕


Potentially habitable [25][35][41]

Unconfirmed candidates

These exoplanets have not been confirmed.

Image

(Or artistic representation)

Name Temperature Mass[lower-alpha 6] Method[lower-alpha 1] Notes References
Proxima Centauri c.png
 Proxima Centauri c -234.2 °C (38.8 K) 7 M⊕ Teq [42][43]

Notes and references

  1. ↑ "Meet 8 'Star Wars' Planets in Our Own Galaxy". May 1, 2023. https://exoplanets.nasa.gov/news/239/meet-8-star-wars-planets-in-our-own-galaxy/. 
  2. ↑ "Nitrogen - Melting Point - Boiling Point | nuclear-power.com" (in en-us). 2021-11-26. https://www.nuclear-power.com/nitrogen-melting-point-boiling-point/. 
  3. ↑ "Error: no |title= specified when using {{Cite web}}". http://www.chem.uiuc.edu/rogers/Text9/Tx91/tx91.html#:~:text=The%20normal%20melting%20point%20of,a%20gas%20at%20room%20temperature.. 
  4. ↑ Beaulieu, J. -P.; Bennett, D. P.; Fouqué, P.; Williams, A.; Dominik, M.; Jørgensen, U. G.; Kubas, D.; Cassan, A. et al. (2006-01-01). "Discovery of a cool planet of 5.5 Earth masses through gravitational microlensing". Nature 439 (7075): 437–440. doi:10.1038/nature04441. ISSN 0028-0836. PMID 16437108. Bibcode: 2006Natur.439..437B. https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2006Natur.439..437B. 
  5. ↑ Dong, Subo; Gould, Andrew; Udalski, Andrzej; Anderson, Jay; Christie, G. W.; Gaudi, B. S.; OGLE Collaboration; Jaroszyński, M. et al. (2009-04-01). "OGLE-2005-BLG-071Lb, the Most Massive M Dwarf Planetary Companion?". The Astrophysical Journal 695 (2): 970–987. doi:10.1088/0004-637X/695/2/970. ISSN 0004-637X. Bibcode: 2009ApJ...695..970D. https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2009ApJ...695..970D. 
  6. ↑ "PSR B1620-26b (Cold jovian)". https://www.hpcf.upr.edu/~abel/phl/hec_plots/hec_orbit/hec_orbit_PSR_B1620-26_b.png. 
  7. ↑ 7.0 7.1 7.2 7.3 "Solar System Temperatures - NASA Science" (in en). https://science.nasa.gov/resource/solar-system-temperatures/. 
  8. ↑ "Neptune Fact Sheet". https://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/planetary/factsheet/neptunefact.html. 
  9. ↑ "Uranus Fact Sheet". https://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/planetary/factsheet/uranusfact.html. 
  10. ↑ "Planetary Systems". https://exoplanetarchive.ipac.caltech.edu/cgi-bin/TblView/nph-tblView?app=ExoTbls&config=PS. 
  11. ↑ Dedrick, Cayla M.; Fulton, Benjamin J.; Knutson, Heather A.; Howard, Andrew W.; Beatty, Thomas G.; Cargile, Phillip A.; Gaudi, B. Scott; Hirsch, Lea A. et al. (2021-02-01). "Two Planets Straddling the Habitable Zone of the Nearby K Dwarf Gl 414A". The Astronomical Journal 161 (2): 86. doi:10.3847/1538-3881/abd0ef. ISSN 0004-6256. Bibcode: 2021AJ....161...86D. 
  12. ↑ Orell-Miquel, J.; Nowak, G.; Murgas, F.; Palle, E.; Morello, G.; Luque, R.; Badenas-Agusti, M.; Ribas, I. et al. (2023-01-01). "HD 191939 revisited: New and refined planet mass determinations, and a new planet in the habitable zone". Astronomy and Astrophysics 669: A40. doi:10.1051/0004-6361/202244120. ISSN 0004-6361. Bibcode: 2023A&A...669A..40O. https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2023A&A...669A..40O. 
  13. ↑ "Saturn Fact Sheet". https://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/planetary/factsheet/saturnfact.html. 
  14. ↑ Chachan, Yayaati; Dalba, Paul A.; Knutson, Heather A.; Fulton, Benjamin J.; Thorngren, Daniel; Beichman, Charles; Ciardi, David R.; Howard, Andrew W. et al. (2022-02-01). "Kepler-167e as a Probe of the Formation Histories of Cold Giants with Inner Super-Earths". The Astrophysical Journal 926 (1): 62. doi:10.3847/1538-4357/ac3ed6. ISSN 0004-637X. Bibcode: 2022ApJ...926...62C. 
  15. ↑ Demangeon, O. D. S.; Dalal, S.; Hébrard, G.; Nsamba, B.; Kiefer, F.; Camacho, J. D.; Sahlmann, J.; Arnold, L. et al. (2021-09-01). "The SOPHIE search for northern extrasolar planets. XVIII. Six new cold Jupiters, including one of the most eccentric exoplanet orbits". Astronomy and Astrophysics 653: A78. doi:10.1051/0004-6361/202141079. ISSN 0004-6361. Bibcode: 2021A&A...653A..78D. https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2021A&A...653A..78D. 
  16. ↑ Feng, Fabo; Butler, R. Paul; Jones, Hugh R. A.; Phillips, Mark W.; Vogt, Steven S.; Oppenheimer, Rebecca; Holden, Bradford; Burt, Jennifer et al. (2021-10-01). "Optimized modelling of Gaia-Hipparcos astrometry for the detection of the smallest cold Jupiter and confirmation of seven low-mass companions". Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society 507 (2): 2856–2868. doi:10.1093/mnras/stab2225. ISSN 0035-8711. Bibcode: 2021MNRAS.507.2856F. https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2021MNRAS.507.2856F. 
  17. ↑ Mawet, Dimitri; Hirsch, Lea; Lee, Eve J.; Ruffio, Jean-Baptiste; Bottom, Michael; Fulton, Benjamin J.; Absil, Olivier; Beichman, Charles et al. (2019-01-03). "Deep exploration of $\epsilon$ Eridani with Keck Ms-band vortex coronagraphy and radial velocities: mass and orbital parameters of the giant exoplanet". The Astronomical Journal 157 (1): 33. doi:10.3847/1538-3881/aaef8a. ISSN 1538-3881. 
  18. ↑ Fritz Benedict, G. (2022-03-09). "Revisiting HST/FGS Astrometry of ϵ Eridani*". Research Notes of the AAS 6 (3): 45. doi:10.3847/2515-5172/ac5b6b. ISSN 2515-5172. Bibcode: 2022RNAAS...6...45B. 
  19. ↑ Benatti, S.; Damasso, M.; Desidera, S.; Marzari, F.; Biazzo, K.; Claudi, R.; Di Mauro, M. P.; Lanza, A. F. et al. (2020-07-01). "The GAPS programme at TNG. XXIII. HD 164922 d: close-in super-Earth discovered with HARPS-N in a system with a long-period Saturn mass companion". Astronomy and Astrophysics 639: A50. doi:10.1051/0004-6361/202037939. ISSN 0004-6361. Bibcode: 2020A&A...639A..50B. https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2020A&A...639A..50B. 
  20. ↑ Fulton, Benjamin J.; Howard, Andrew W.; Weiss, Lauren M.; Sinukoff, Evan; Petigura, Erik A.; Isaacson, Howard; Hirsch, Lea; Marcy, Geoffrey W. et al. (2016-10-10). "Three Temperate Neptunes Orbiting Nearby Stars". The Astrophysical Journal 830 (1): 46. doi:10.3847/0004-637x/830/1/46. ISSN 1538-4357. Bibcode: 2016ApJ...830...46F. 
  21. ↑ "Jupiter Fact Sheet". https://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/planetary/factsheet/jupiterfact.html. 
  22. ↑ Vanderburg, Andrew; Rappaport, Saul A.; Xu, Siyi; Crossfield, Ian J. M.; Becker, Juliette C.; Gary, Bruce; Murgas, Felipe; Blouin, Simon et al. (2020-09-01). "A giant planet candidate transiting a white dwarf". Nature 585 (7825): 363–367. doi:10.1038/s41586-020-2713-y. ISSN 0028-0836. PMID 32939071. Bibcode: 2020Natur.585..363V. https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2020Natur.585..363V. 
  23. ↑ Extrasolar Visions - PSR 1257+12 C
  24. ↑ Blunt, Sarah; Endl, Michael; Weiss, Lauren M.; Cochran, William D.; Howard, Andrew W.; MacQueen, Phillip J.; Fulton, Benjamin J.; Henry, Gregory W. et al. (2019-11-01). "Radial Velocity Discovery of an Eccentric Jovian World Orbiting at 18 au". The Astronomical Journal 158 (5): 181. doi:10.3847/1538-3881/ab3e63. ISSN 0004-6256. Bibcode: 2019AJ....158..181B. 
  25. ↑ 25.0 25.1 Ducrot, Elsa; Gillon, M.; Delrez, L.; Agol, E.; Rimmer, P.; Turbet, M.; Günther, M. N.; Demory, B.-O. et al. (August 2020). "TRAPPIST-1: Global Results of the Spitzer Exploration Science Program {\it Red Worlds}". Astronomy & Astrophysics 640: A112. doi:10.1051/0004-6361/201937392. ISSN 0004-6361. 
  26. ↑ Kunimoto, Michelle; Vanderburg, Andrew; Huang, Chelsea X.; Davis, M. Ryleigh; Affer, Laura; Cameron, Andrew Collier; Charbonneau, David; Cosentino, Rosario et al. (2023-07-01). "TOI-4010: A System of Three Large Short-period Planets with a Massive Long-period Companion". The Astronomical Journal 166 (1): 7. doi:10.3847/1538-3881/acd537. ISSN 0004-6256. Bibcode: 2023AJ....166....7K. 
  27. ↑ Sarkis, P.; Henning, Th.; Hartman, J. D.; Bakos, G. Á.; Brahm, R.; Jordán, A.; Bayliss, D.; Mancini, L. et al. (2018-11-01). "HATS-59b,c: A Transiting Hot Jupiter and a Cold Massive Giant Planet around a Sun-like Star". The Astronomical Journal 156 (5): 216. doi:10.3847/1538-3881/aade54. ISSN 0004-6256. Bibcode: 2018AJ....156..216S. 
  28. ↑ Teske, Johanna; Díaz, Matías R.; Luque, Rafael; Močnik, Teo; Seidel, Julia V.; Otegi, Jon Fernández; Feng, Fabo; Jenkins, James S. et al. (2020-08-01). "TESS Reveals a Short-period Sub-Neptune Sibling (HD 86226c) to a Known Long-period Giant Planet". The Astronomical Journal 160 (2): 96. doi:10.3847/1538-3881/ab9f95. ISSN 0004-6256. Bibcode: 2020AJ....160...96T. 
  29. ↑ Suárez Mascareño, A.; González-Álvarez, E.; Zapatero Osorio, M. R.; Lillo-Box, J.; Faria, J. P.; Passegger, V. M.; González Hernández, J. I.; Figueira, P. et al. (2023-02-01). "Two temperate Earth-mass planets orbiting the nearby star GJ 1002". Astronomy and Astrophysics 670: A5. doi:10.1051/0004-6361/202244991. ISSN 0004-6361. Bibcode: 2023A&A...670A...5S. https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2023A&A...670A...5S. 
  30. ↑ Giles, H. A. C.; Osborn, H. P.; Blanco-Cuaresma, S.; Lovis, C.; Bayliss, D.; Eggenberger, P.; Collier Cameron, A.; Kristiansen, M. H. et al. (2018-07-01). "Transiting planet candidate from K2 with the longest period". Astronomy and Astrophysics 615: L13. doi:10.1051/0004-6361/201833569. ISSN 0004-6361. Bibcode: 2018A&A...615L..13G. https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2018A&A...615L..13G. 
  31. ↑ "Transiting Exoplanet with Longest Known Year". https://exoplanets.nasa.gov/resources/179/transiting-exoplanet-with-longest-known-year/. 
  32. ↑ Kipping, D. M.; Torres, G.; Buchhave, L. A.; Kenyon, S. J.; Henze, C.; Isaacson, H.; Kolbl, R.; Marcy, G. W. et al. (2014-11-01). "Discovery of a Transiting Planet near the Snow-line". The Astrophysical Journal 795 (1): 25. doi:10.1088/0004-637X/795/1/25. ISSN 0004-637X. Bibcode: 2014ApJ...795...25K. https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2014ApJ...795...25K. 
  33. ↑ Pepe, F.; Lovis, C.; Ségransan, D.; Benz, W.; Bouchy, F.; Dumusque, X.; Mayor, M.; Queloz, D. et al. (2011-10-01). "The HARPS search for Earth-like planets in the habitable zone. I. Very low-mass planets around HD 20794, HD 85512, and HD 192310". Astronomy and Astrophysics 534: A58. doi:10.1051/0004-6361/201117055. ISSN 0004-6361. Bibcode: 2011A&A...534A..58P. 
  34. ↑ Doyle, Laurance R.; Carter, Joshua A.; Fabrycky, Daniel C.; Slawson, Robert W.; Howell, Steve B.; Winn, Joshua N.; Orosz, Jerome A.; Prsa, Andrej et al. (2011-09-16). "Kepler-16: A Transiting Circumbinary Planet". Science 333 (6049): 1602–1606. doi:10.1126/science.1210923. ISSN 0036-8075. PMID 21921192. Bibcode: 2011Sci...333.1602D. 
  35. ↑ 35.0 35.1 "PHL @ UPR Arecibo - The Habitable Exoplanets Catalog" (in en-US). https://phl.upr.edu/projects/habitable-exoplanets-catalog. 
  36. ↑ Quintana, Elisa V.; Barclay, Thomas; Raymond, Sean N.; Rowe, Jason F.; Bolmont, Emeline; Caldwell, Douglas A.; Howell, Steve B.; Kane, Stephen R. et al. (2014-04-18). "An Earth-sized Planet in the Habitable Zone of a Cool Star". Science 344 (6181): 277–280. doi:10.1126/science.1249403. ISSN 0036-8075. PMID 24744370. Bibcode: 2014Sci...344..277Q. 
  37. ↑ Mireles, Ismael; Dragomir, Diana; Osborn, Hugh P.; Hesse, Katharine; Collins, Karen A.; Villanueva, Steven; Bieryla, Allyson; Ciardi, David R. et al. (2023-09-01). "TOI-4600 b and c: Two Long-period Giant Planets Orbiting an Early K Dwarf". The Astrophysical Journal 954 (1): L15. doi:10.3847/2041-8213/aceb69. ISSN 0004-637X. Bibcode: 2023ApJ...954L..15M. 
  38. ↑ Extrasolar Visions - PSR 1257+12 B
  39. ↑ "Archived copy". http://www.hpcf.upr.edu/~abel/phl/hec_plots/hec_orbit/hec_orbit_Gliese_876_b.png. 
  40. ↑ Millholland, Sarah; Laughlin, Gregory; Teske, Johanna; Butler, R. Paul; Burt, Jennifer; Holden, Bradford; Vogt, Steven; Crane, Jeffrey et al. (2018-02-08). "New Constraints on Gliese 876 -- Exemplar of Mean-Motion Resonance". The Astronomical Journal 155 (3): 106. doi:10.3847/1538-3881/aaa894. ISSN 1538-3881. Bibcode: 2018AJ....155..106M. 
  41. ↑ Agol, Eric; Dorn, Caroline; Grimm, Simon L.; Turbet, Martin; Ducrot, Elsa; Delrez, Laetitia; Gillon, Michaël; Demory, Brice-Olivier et al. (2021-01-22). "Refining the Transit-timing and Photometric Analysis of TRAPPIST-1: Masses, Radii, Densities, Dynamics, and Ephemerides" (in en). The Planetary Science Journal 2 (1): 1. doi:10.3847/PSJ/abd022. ISSN 2632-3338. Bibcode: 2021PSJ.....2....1A. 
  42. ↑ Benedict, G. Fritz; McArthur, Barbara E. (June 2020). "A Moving Target—Revising the Mass of Proxima Centauri c*" (in en). Research Notes of the AAS 4 (6): 86. doi:10.3847/2515-5172/ab9ca9. ISSN 2515-5172. Bibcode: 2020RNAAS...4...86B. 
  43. ↑ Damasso, Mario; Del Sordo, Fabio; Anglada-Escudé, Guillem; Giacobbe, Paolo; Sozzetti, Alessandro; Morbidelli, Alessandro; Pojmanski, Grzegorz; Barbato, Domenico et al. (2020-01-01). "A low-mass planet candidate orbiting Proxima Centauri at a distance of 1.5 AU". Science Advances 6 (3): eaax7467. doi:10.1126/sciadv.aax7467. PMID 31998838. Bibcode: 2020SciA....6.7467D. 
  1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 Teff: Measured effective temperature. Teq: The temperature of the planet has not been measured, so it is listed with the calculated equilibrium temperature.
  2. ↑ The melting points of Nitrogen and Oxygen are -210°C and -218°C, respectively.[2][3]
  3. ↑ This was obtained using the CalcTool luminosity converter. Using the apparent magnitude of HIP 11915 and its distance from Earth (using the uncertainty parameter of ±10 light years), this yields a range of 1.03–1.27 L☉. When used in the default 190 light-year distance (with margin of error) is 1.07+0.11
    −0.09     L☉. When run into simulations using the orbital distance of HIP 11915 and its planet, yields a result of 118 K.
  4. ↑ This is the surface temperature if Gliese 1002 c has no atmosphere.
  5. ↑ This is the surface temperature if Kepler-186f has no atmosphere.
  6. ↑ M⊕: Earth mass MJ: Jupiter mass
  1. ↑ The age is the same as the globular cluster where PSR B1620-26b is located (Messier 4), as all the stars in the cluster formed at the same time, and the planets form together with their host stars.



Retrieved from "https://handwiki.org/wiki/index.php?title=Astronomy:List_of_coolest_exoplanets&oldid=3424711"