Astronomy:Kepler-167
Kepler-167 is a K-type main-sequence star located about 1,119 light-years (343 pc) away from the Solar System in the constellation of Cygnus. The star has about 78% the mass and 75% the radius of the Sun, and a temperature of 4,884 K (4,611 °C; 8,332 °F). It hosts a system of four known exoplanets. There is also a companion red dwarf star at a separation of about 700 astronomical unit|AU, with an estimated orbital period of over 15,000 years.[1]
Planetary system
Kepler-167 is orbited by four known transiting exoplanets, discovered using the Kepler space telescope. The inner three planets are all super-Earths of unknown composition orbiting closer to their star than Mercury is to the Sun. The outermost planet, Kepler-167e, is a Jupiter analog, with 0.91 |♃|J}}}}}}, 1.01 |♃|J}}}}}}, and an equilibrium temperature of 134 K (−139 °C; −218 °F). It is the first transiting Jupiter analog discovered.[2][1]
The inner two planets were confirmed in 2014, as part of a study validating hundreds of Kepler planets,[3] and the outer two planets were confirmed in 2016.[2] Observations of Kepler-167e using the Spitzer Space Telescope, published in 2019, ruled out significant transit timing variations, making it easier to predict future transits and plan follow-up observations. As a rare example of a long-period transiting gas giant, Kepler-167e is a target of interest for further observations, for example to characterize its atmosphere.[4] As of 2022[update], four transits of planet e have been detected, with both space-based and ground-based observations.[5]
In 2025, there was a search of exomoons around the exoplanet Kepler-167e by astronomer David Kipping and his team using JWST with some results but no conclusion was reached. One candidate event, which would give an orbit close to the Roche limit, may be better modeled as the planet passing in front of a starspot; no conclusion can be reached until the next transit in October 2027.[6][7]
| Companion (in order from star) |
Mass | Semimajor axis (AU) |
Orbital period (days) |
Eccentricity | Inclination | Radius |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| b | — | 0.04825±0.00070 | 4.3931539+0.0000048 −0.0000046 |
0 | 88.3+1.6 −1.2° |
1.718±0.070 R⊕ |
| c | — | 0.0684±0.0010 | 7.406106±0.000010 | 0 | 88.48+0.88 −1.0° |
1.674±0.069 R⊕ |
| d | — | 0.1404±0.0020 | 21.80379+0.00013 −0.00018 |
0 | 89.26±0.50° | 1.238±0.064 R⊕ |
| e | 1.01+0.16 −0.15 MJ |
1.883±0.027 | 1071.23205+0.00059 −0.00058 |
0.062+0.104 −0.043[2] |
89.9720+0.0069 −0.0079° |
0.9064±0.0375 RJ |
References
- ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 Chachan, Yayaati et al. (February 2022). "Kepler-167e as a Probe of the Formation Histories of Cold Giants with Inner Super-Earths". The Astrophysical Journal 926 (1): 62. doi:10.3847/1538-4357/ac3ed6. Bibcode: 2022ApJ...926...62C.
- ↑ 2.0 2.1 2.2 Kipping, D. M. et al. (2016-04-01). "A Transiting Jupiter Analog". The Astrophysical Journal 820 (2). doi:10.3847/0004-637X/820/2/112. Bibcode: 2016ApJ...820..112K.
- ↑ Rowe, Jason F. et al. (March 2014). "Validation of Kepler's Multiple Planet Candidates. III. Light Curve Analysis and Announcement of Hundreds of New Multi-planet Systems". The Astrophysical Journal 784 (1): 45. doi:10.1088/0004-637X/784/1/45. Bibcode: 2014ApJ...784...45R.
- ↑ Dalba, Paul A.; Tamburo, Patrick (March 2019). "Spitzer Detection of the Transiting Jupiter-analog Exoplanet Kepler-167e". The Astrophysical Journal Letters 873 (2): L17. doi:10.3847/2041-8213/ab0bb4. Bibcode: 2019ApJ...873L..17D.
- ↑ Perrocheau, Amaury et al. (December 2022). "A 16 Hour Transit of Kepler-167 e Observed by the Ground-based Unistellar Telescope Network". The Astrophysical Journal Letters 940 (2): L39. doi:10.3847/2041-8213/aca073. Bibcode: 2022ApJ...940L..39P.
- ↑ Kipping, David et al. (2026-08-03). "A JWST Transit of a Jupiter Analog. II. A Search for Exomoons". The Astronomical Journal 172 (2). doi:10.3847/1538-3881/ae743d. Bibcode: 2026AJ....172...76K.
- ↑ Cassese, Ben et al. (2026-03-02). "A JWST Transit of a Jupiter Analog. I. Constraints on the Oblateness of Kepler-167 e". The Astronomical Journal 171 (3). doi:10.3847/1538-3881/ae3a81. Bibcode: 2026AJ....171..150C.
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