Astronomy:List of nearest hypergiants
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This is a list of the nearest hypergiant stars to Earth, located at a distance of up to 10,000 light-years (3,100 parsecs) from Earth.
While hypergiants are typically defined as stars with luminosity classes 0, Ia-0 or Ia+, other definitions exist, such as those based on stellar evolution. Therefore, stars with other luminosity classes can sometimes be considered hypergiants.
List
| Name | Distance (ly) | Spectral type | Stellar radius (R☉) | Stellar mass (M☉) | Stellar luminosity (L☉) | Apparent magnitude (V) | Notes and References |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Mu Cephei | 2090-3060[1][2] | M2-Ia (M2e Ia or M2 Ia+)[3] | 972±228[1][4][5] | 25[6] | 269000+111000 −40000 |
4.08 | |
| VV Cephei A | 3,319 – 4900 | M2 Iab (M1p 0) | 660, 1,050 | 2.5 or 18.2 | 72,880±16,300 | 4.91 | [7] |
| VY Canis Majoris | 3820+260 −230 |
M3-M4.5 (M2.5-M5Iae) | 1420±120 | 17±8 | 270000±40000 | 6.5-9.6 | |
| HD 183143 (HT Sagittae) | 4990±550 | B6-8 Ia-0 | 109±15 | 24.2±1.4 | 288000+83000 −65000 |
6.71-6.95 | |
| HD 168625 (V4030 Sagittarii) | 5000±200 | B6Ia+ (B2-B8) | 105 | 380000 | 8.30-8.41 | ||
| HD 168607 (V4029 Sagittarii) | 5100±500 | B9Ia+ | 187 | 240000 | 8.12-8.29 | ||
| NML Cygni | 5250+420 −360 |
M4.5–M7.9 Ia–III | 1,350+195
−229 |
25 | 229,000+40,000
−41,000, 270,000+50,000 −50,000 |
16.60 | |
| P Cygni | 5300±590 | B1-2Ia-0ep (B1 lapeq) | 76 | 37 | 610000 | 4.82 | |
| Cygnus OB2-12 | 5300±590 | B3-4Ia+ | 264 | 110 | 1660000 | 11.702 | |
| V915 Scorpii | 5600+570 −370 |
K0Ia-0 | 685.6 | 14.7 | 74,100–185,200 | 6.22 - 6.64 | |
| Zeta¹ Scorpii | 6000 | B1.5Ia+ | 103 to 125.5 | 36 to 53 | 8.5×105 | 4.705 | [8] |
| V382 Carinae | 6,000 | G0-4-Ia+ | 485 ± 56 | 24±5.1 | 212,000 ± 12,300 | 3.83 | |
| V602 Carinae | 7000 | M3 Ia-Iab | 1,015 | 17.7 - 20 | 126,000 | 8.39 | |
| S Persei | 7900±300 | M3 Iae–M7 | 1,298+64-57 – 1,364±6 | 20 | 123,000 – 186,000 | 9.23 | |
| 6 Cassiopeiae | 8000 | A2.5Ia+ | 193 | 22.0 | 200000 | 5.34-5.45 | |
| Rho Cassiopeiae | 8150±1630 | G2 0 (F8pIa-K0pIa-0) | 564 or 700 | 40 | 300000-530000 | 4.1 to 6.2 | [9] |
| BP Crucis | 9915.154 | B1 Ia+ | 70 | 43 | 470,000 | 10.83 | [10] |
Notes
See also
- Lists of stars
- List of nearest supergiants
- List of nearest giant stars
- Lists of astronomical objects
- List of nearest stars
References
- ↑ 1.0 1.1 Montargès, M; Homan, W; Keller, D; Clementel, N; Shetye, S; Decin, L; Harper, G M; Royer, P et al. (2019-05-11). "NOEMA maps the CO J = 2 − 1 environment of the red supergiant $\mu$ Cep★" (in en). Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society 485 (2): 2417–2430. doi:10.1093/mnras/stz397. ISSN 0035-8711. https://academic.oup.com/mnras/article/485/2/2417/5309994.
- ↑ Davies, Ben; Beasor, Emma R (2020-03-21). "The 'red supergiant problem': the upper luminosity boundary of Type II supernova progenitors" (in en). Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society 493 (1): 468–476. doi:10.1093/mnras/staa174. ISSN 0035-8711. https://academic.oup.com/mnras/article/493/1/468/5709941.
- ↑ Garrison, R. F.; Kormendy, J. (December 1976). "Some characteristics of the young open cluster Trumpler 37." (in en). Publications of the Astronomical Society of the Pacific 88: 865. doi:10.1086/130037. ISSN 0004-6280. Bibcode: 1976PASP...88..865G. http://iopscience.iop.org/article/10.1086/130037.
- ↑ Josselin, E.; Plez, B. (July 2007). "Atmospheric dynamics and the mass loss process in red supergiant stars". Astronomy & Astrophysics 469 (2): 671–680. doi:10.1051/0004-6361:20066353. ISSN 0004-6361. Bibcode: 2007A&A...469..671J. http://www.aanda.org/10.1051/0004-6361:20066353.
- ↑ Levesque, Emily M.; Massey, Philip; Olsen, K. A. G.; Plez, Bertrand; Josselin, Eric; Maeder, Andre; Meynet, Georges (August 2005). "The Effective Temperature Scale of Galactic Red Supergiants: Cool, but Not as Cool as We Thought" (in en). The Astrophysical Journal 628 (2): 973–985. doi:10.1086/430901. ISSN 0004-637X. Bibcode: 2005ApJ...628..973L. https://iopscience.iop.org/article/10.1086/430901.
- ↑ López Ariste, A.; Wavasseur, M.; Mathias, Ph.; Lèbre, A.; Tessore, B.; Georgiev, S. (February 2023). "The height of convective plumes in the red supergiant μ Cep". Astronomy & Astrophysics 670: A62. doi:10.1051/0004-6361/202244285. ISSN 0004-6361. Bibcode: 2023A&A...670A..62L. https://www.aanda.org/10.1051/0004-6361/202244285.
- ↑ Rodriguez, Joseph E.; Stassun, Keivan G.; Lund, Michael B.; Siverd, Robert J.; Pepper, Joshua; Tang, Sumin; Kafka, Stella; Gaudi, B. Scott et al. (May 2016). "An extreme analogue of ε Aurigae: an M-giant eclipsed every 69 years by a large opaque disk surrounding a small hot source". The Astronomical Journal 151 (5): 123. doi:10.3847/0004-6256/151/5/123. Bibcode: 2016AJ....151..123R.
- ↑ "* zet01 Sco". SIMBAD. https://simbad.cds.unistra.fr/mobile/object.html?object_name=Zeta1%20Scorpii%20.
- ↑ "* rho Cas". SIMBAD. https://simbad.cds.unistra.fr/mobile/object.html?object_name=Rho%20Cassiopeiae%20.
- ↑ "V* BP Crucis". SIMBAD. https://simbad.cds.unistra.fr/mobile/object.html?object_name=BP%20Crucis%20.
External links
- "General Catalogue of Variable Stars: Version GCVS 5.1". Astronomy Reports 61 (1): 80–88. 2017. doi:10.1134/S1063772917010085. ISSN 1063-7729. Bibcode: 2017ARep...61...80S. http://www.sai.msu.su/gcvs/gcvs/.
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